14.8 Integration using substitution 1 Consider the integral fxGx-3Y" dx. To evaluate such an integral a substitution w= Sx-3 a will be very helptul. The following steps will help the reader to evaluate a particular definite integral, Step I : Differentiate the given substitution Step 2 : Make dx the subject of formula Step 3 : Change the x limits to w limits Step 4 : Replace the variable x by the variable 1. Example 1 Evaluate fx(5x- 3) dx, using the substitution 1 = Sx — 3. i Solution u=Sx-3 = et 5 ow Seas ae dx = tu For lower limits, x = 0, u = 5(0) - 3=-3 For upper limits, x = 1, u= S(1)-3=2 ‘The integral Jxis:—2P ex becomes (2 jae j 3 Gest ess Now [Pk i«-ak +a* du i arr asji0' 3], -2f? =] afet-St] 251 235| 10° 3 =3728s. Note that if there are no limits, remember io change back to the original variable al. the end.Example 2 ; Using the substitution x = u’+ 2, find frvx-2 dx. (C) Solution xav+? =i : mn , a . dx = 2u du feve=2 ax = fu +2? 62-2. 2udu = fu? save? 2 du = fare? +2) du - on ae > mt Ae, = Ude= 2), Me 2)" | 5 3 Example 3 1 5 7 . 1 x Using the substitution x = sin6, show that | de == wee i 2 Solution x=sin®, de 0080 wr ae dx = cos0 dO For lower limits, x = 0, sind = 0 => @= 0 For upper limits, x = 1, si =10=5 Be ats f de = [cos tte $vi—x* 3 vi—sin?@ ‘ = [esa 3 Yeos? © i : ido = lob = $-0= S (ohown) eee .e Mathematics 9709 196 14— Integration 2 [Exercise 14.8 1 Using the substitution w= x2, find fre! ae [Ans i 2 Using the substitution w= x’, find f2x"e" ar. [Ans : 2e +e] 3 Using the substitution u= sinx, find fain’ xcos ds [Ans : isin ree] 4 Using the substitution u=cosx, find feos* xsin xe [Ans ; - Zeon" s+e] 5 Using the substitution u = tanx , find Jisexsec? ude [Ans : sms se} 6 Using the substitution u = tnx , find fu Xe [ans : Sax? +e] 7 Using the substitution u = 1+ 3x’, find {>= 3 ¥ ‘Ans = Sin(l +317) +c 130 U 6 } 8 Using the substitution v ~ 2x + 3 to find E en Gry [Ans : - 9 Using the substitution x = tan , show that fj ‘ dine 10 —_By means of the substitution x = 2 tan®, prove that a ale he 11 Byuusing the substitution x= 2 sin, or otherwise, evaluate the integral Vere © [ane: = eH 2 teva of | dx is denoted by I. Use the substitution u=Jr to show rT that = {—*— ay. Hence, by using partial fractions or otherwise, show that Jatt vay 1 uf ‘). ©14.6 Integration of the form a We know that 4 [infix] = ae, ‘Thus vy = [Infix)] +€ ; Example 1 rel ® j we * © } (c) evaluate i tan x dx, giving your answer to 3 significant figures. a Solution 5 dee (2 sd iyo act = fing? + 1)+e (b) Since £6 +2-22)- 14x Jon Me F ~ fos 1-209 fo 10-2007) = In2-In3 ta 3 = vneael : & i} ery IE = * a a & ' & = “ia “fmf tn = 0.347 3 sf)Integrate the following indefinite integrals with respect to x: [Ans : Lin +1)+e] x ad 2 Sa {Ans : tnx? +1)+e] x oe 3 eae [Ans Zins? +5)s-e] 3 3 2 4 fie {Ans : tn? +4)+e] 5 (5 [Ans Aine! +2)ee] 6 footxas {Aas : In sinx + c} 1 fs ae (Ans :Sin(s? +2r+1)ec} od 1 8 {Pe meres: {Ans infix? -12x+5}+e] 9 — Show that fondxde—2insec3r +e. Integrate the following definite integrals with respect to x: x s 10 or [Ans: % In10} peecreia , u a” (C) {Ans;: In2] * cose a i ees aIntegrate the following with respect to x: 3 ——* As b. deees ie : [Aas : 2in{x —3) + a{x+4) + €] a dee tase:te( #3) se) : . eae [Ans s fant © tam:{ 6 (©) [Ans sm 3**) +e) 1 foe © tans: wf 4) +e] 8 Le [Ans : 2ils—3p+linte+ Dec} -2x-3 4 3 9 ‘Show that 2) © 10 Express artes ;) it Partial fractions. Hence find the exact value of i = ijt Biving your answer as a single logarithm. (©) 2x+ IeIntegrate the following with respect to x: 1 2'+ cosx [Ans : 2x + sinx + c] z 3—sinx [Ans : 3x + cosx +c} 3 cos3x [Ans : fsin3x+e] 4 sin(QQx+1) [Ans : —Leosar+ re} 5 sin(1-3x) [Ans : Fooul-38) +] 6 cos(5x-3) [Ans : zooatS—3)+0) 2 tan’x {Ans : tanx — x +c), 8 —3sec*Sx [Ans : Junse+e] 9 2cos2x ~sin4x [Ans : sin2x + Leosdx +c] 10 sinx + sin2x ~ sin 5x [Ans :~ cosx ~ +cos2x4 Lcos5i+ ¢] HW sec?( fax) [Ans : Famiore 12 cos 2x+ an [Ans : poinde+ Fan cJ 19 twee? 2x fans: eats +e] ry a2