(a) Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet and answer the following questions:
i. Identify the type of settlement shown in the map. (2 marks)
ii. What is the main mode of transportation indicated in the map extract? (2 marks)
iii. Name any two physical features visible on the map. (2 marks)
(b) On the outline map of India provided, mark and label the following:
i. The Konkan Coast (1 mark)
ii. River Narmada (1 mark)
iii. Thar Desert (1 mark)
iv. Chennai (1 mark)
v. Tropic of Cancer (1 mark)
Answer the following questions briefly:
i. Define the term 'pedogenesis.' (2 marks)
ii. What is 'transhumance,' and where is it practiced in India? (2 marks)
iii. Explain the term 'isohyet.' (2 marks)
iv. What are perennial rivers? Give an example. (2 marks)
v. What is the significance of the Golden Quadrilateral? (2 marks)
Part II (50 Marks)
(Attempt any five questions from this section. Each question carries 10 marks.) Question 4: Soil Resources
a. Discuss the characteristics and distribution of laterite soil in India. (5 marks)
b. Explain the impact of deforestation on soil erosion. Suggest two measures to prevent soil erosion.
(5 marks)
Question 5: Natural Vegetation
a. Describe the different types of forests found in India. Mention their climatic requirements. (5
marks)
b. What are the main threats to natural vegetation in India? How can these be mitigated? (5 marks)
Question 6: Climate
a. Explain how the Himalayas affect the climate of India. (5 marks)
b. Describe the climatic conditions experienced during the retreating monsoon season. (5 marks)
Question 7: Water Resources
a. Discuss the importance of irrigation in Indian agriculture. Mention the different types of irrigation
practices. (5 marks)
b. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of large-scale river projects in India. (5 marks)
Question 8: Transport
a. Explain the role of roadways in the economic development of India. (5 marks)
b. Discuss the advantages of air transport over other modes of transport. What are the challenges
faced by the aviation industry in India? (5 marks)
Question 9: Application-Based Questions
a. How do changes in climate affect agricultural patterns in India? Give examples. (5 marks)
b. Evaluate the environmental impacts of mining activities in India. What measures can be taken to
reduce these impacts? (5 marks)
Question 10: Mixed Questions
a. Explain the interrelationship between natural vegetation and wildlife in India. (5 marks) b. What are the key challenges in managing water resources in India? Suggest two strategies to
