Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-1

C-Language Basics

1. Program to print hello on output screen:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
printf("hello");
}

Output:
Hello

2. Program to demonstrate Escape Sequences:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(" hello");
printf("\n Welcome to \t naresh IT");
printf("\n \'Hi\' \n");
printf(" \"hello\" \n");
printf("\a abcd\befg");
}

Output:
hello
Welcome to naresh IT
'Hi'
"hello"
abcefg

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Example Programs on Declaring Variables, Assigning Values

and Printing them using Format Specifiers:

1. Program to add two Numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=20,y=30,z;

z=x+y;

printf(" sum=%d",z);
printf("\n sum of %d and %d is %d",x,y,z);
}

Output:
sum=50
sum of 20 and 30 is 50

2. Program to find area and perimeter of circle:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
float pi=3.14,r=7.9,a,p;

a=pi*r*r;
p=2*pi*r;

printf(" area=%f",a);
printf("\n perimeter=%f",p);
}

Output:
area=195.967422
perimeter=49.612003

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3. Program to print student details:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char section='A';
int m=786;
float avrg=78.6;

printf(" section:%c \n marks:%d \n average marks:%f",section,m,avrg);

}

Output:
section:A
marks:786
average marks:78.599998

4. Program to print a string:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10]="Raju";

printf("Hi %s",x);
}

Output:
Hi Raju

5. Program to print decimal, octal and hexa decimal values:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=30;

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printf("decimal value=%d\n",x);
printf("octal value=%o\n",x);
printf("hexa decimal value=%x\n",x);
printf("hexa decimal value=%X",x);
}

Output:
decimal value=30
octal value=36
hexa decimal value=1e
hexa decimal value=1E

6. Program to print floating point value in scientific notation:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
float f=234.5678;

printf("float value=%E",f);
}

Output:
float value=2.345678E+002

Note: 2.345678E+002 = 2.345678*102

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Example Programs on Reading Data From Keyboard using

scanf():

1. Program to add two numbers by reading two integers from

keyboard:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z;

printf("Enter x,y:");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

z=x+y;

printf("sum=%d",z);
}

Output:
Enter x,y:20
30
sum=50

2. Program to find area and perimeter of the circle by reading radius

value from keyboard:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
float r,pi=3.14;

printf("Enter radius:");
scanf("%f",&r);

printf(" area=%f \n perimeter=%f",pi*r*r,2*pi*r);

}

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Output:
Enter radius:6.4
area=128.614410
perimeter=40.192001

3. Program to print student details like section, marks and average

marks by reading them from keyboard:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char section;
int marks;
float avrg;

printf("Enter section, marks and average marks:");

scanf("%c%d%f",&section,&marks,&avrg);

printf(" section:%c \n marks:%d \n average marks:%f",section,marks,avrg);

}

Output:
Enter section, marks and average marks:A
786
78.6
section:A
marks:786
average marks:78.599998

4. Program to read and print a string:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20];

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printf("Enter your name:");

scanf("%s",x);

printf("Hi %s",x);
}

Output:
Enter your name:Ravi
Hi Ravi

5. Program to find average of three numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z;
float avrg;

printf("Enter three numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);

avrg=(float)(x+y+z)/3; // type conversion (or) type casting

printf("average=%f",avrg);
}

Output:
Enter three numbers:10
20
31
average=20.333334

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6. Program to swap (interchange) two numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,temp;

printf("Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

printf("Before swapping:\n");
printf("x=%d \t y=%d",x,y);

temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;

printf("\n After swapping:\n");

printf("x=%d \t y=%d",x,y);
}

Output:
Enter two numbers:10 20
Before swapping:
x=10 y=20
After swapping:
x=20 y=10

7. Program to swap two numbers without taking third variable:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y;

printf("Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

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printf("Before swapping:\n");
printf("x=%d \t y=%d",x,y);

x=x+y;
y=x-y;
x=x-y;

printf("\n After swapping:\n");

printf("x=%d \t y=%d",x,y);
}

Output:
Enter two numbers:20 30
Before swapping:
x=20 y=30
After swapping:
x=30 y=20

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Chapter-2

Operators

1. Program to demonstrate Arithmetic Operators:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,a,b,c,d,e;

printf("Enter x,y:");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

a=x+y;
b=x-y;
c=x*y;
d=x/y;
e=x%y;

printf("sum=%d\n",a);
printf("difference=%d\n",b);
printf("product=%d\n",c);
printf("Quotient=%d\n",d);
printf("remainder=%d",e);
}

Output:
Enter x,y:10 6
sum=16
difference=4
product=60
Quotient=1
remainder=4

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2. Program to check whether the given number is even or odd:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter a Number:");
scanf("%d",&n);

if(n%2==0)
printf("Even Number");
else
printf("Odd Number");
}

Output:
Enter a Number:8
Even Number

3. Program to check whether a person is eligible to vote or not:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int age;

printf("Enter your age:");

scanf("%d",&age);

if(age>=18)
printf("Eligible to Vote");

else
printf("Not Eligible to Vote");
}

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Output:
Enter your age:23
Eligible to Vote

4. Program to find result of a student in one subject. Max marks are

100. Student must get minimum 40 marks for pass:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int m;

printf("Enter maths sub marks:");

scanf("%d",&m);

if(m>=40)
printf("Pass");
else
printf("Fail");
}

Output:
Enter maths sub marks:52
Pass

5. Program to find result of a student in 3 subjects. Max marks are 100

for each subject. Minimum 40 marks are required in each subject
for pass:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int m,p,c;

printf("Enter 3 subjects marks:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&m,&p,&c);

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if(m>=40 && p>=40 && c>=40)

printf("Pass");

else
printf("Fail");
}

Output:
Enter 3 subjects marks: 44 66 55
Pass

6. Program to demonstrate Not Operator:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
if(!0)
printf("hi");
}

Output:
hi

Note: 0 => False 1 / Non-Zero => True

7. Program to demonstrate Assignment Operators:

main()
{
int x=5;

printf("x=%d\n",x);

x*=3;
printf("x=%d\n",x);

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x+=10;
printf("x=%d\n",x);

x-=2;
printf("x=%d\n",x);

x/=3;
printf("x=%d\n",x);

x%=4;
printf("x=%d\n",x);
}

Output:
x=5
x=15
x=25
x=23
x=7
x=3

8. Program to demonstrate Bitwise Operators:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=12,y=13;

printf("x&y=%d\n",x&y);
printf("x|y=%d\n",x|y);
printf("x^y=%d\n",x^y);
printf("x<<2=%d\n",x<<2);
printf("x>>2=%d\n",x>>2);
printf("~x=%d",~x);
}

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Output:
x=5
x=15
x=25
x=23
x=7
x=3

9. Program to demonstrate Unary Minus Operator:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=8;

printf("x=%d\n",x); //x=8

x=-x; //unary minus

printf("x=%d\n",x); //x=-8

x=-x;
printf("x=%d",x); //x=8
}

Output:
x=8
x=-8
x=8

10. Program to demonstrate Size Of Operator:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
short int x;

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printf("int size=%d\n",sizeof(int));
printf("float size=%d\n",sizeof(float));
printf("char size=%d\n",sizeof(char));
printf("double size=%d\n",sizeof(double));
printf("size of x=%d",sizeof(x));
}

Output:
int size=4
float size=4
char size=1
double size=8
size of x=2

11. Program to check whether the given number is even or odd using
Ternary Operator [Conditional Operator]:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

n%2==0 ? printf("Even") : printf("Odd");

}

Output:
Enter n:7
Odd

12. Program to find biggest in two different numbers using Ternary

Operator [Conditional Operator]:
#include<stdio.h>
main()

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{
int x,y,big;

printf("Enter two different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

// x>y ?printf("%d is big",x):printf("%d is big",y);

big = x>y ? x : y;

printf("biggest number=%d",big);
}

Output:
Enter two different numbers:40 30
biggest number=40

13. Program to demonstrate Address Of Operator:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=20;
float y=67.89;

printf("x value=%d\n",x);
printf("x address=%d\n",&x);

printf("y value=%f\n",y);
printf("y address=%d",&y);
}

Output:
x value=20
x address=6487580
y value=67.889999
y address=6487576

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14. Program to demonstrate Comma Operator:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a, x, y, z; // separating multiple variables
x=1, y=2, z=3; // separating multiple assignments
printf("x=%d\ty=%d\tz=%d\n",x,y,z);
a=(x,y,z); // Assigns z value to a
printf("a=%d\n",a);
a = x=x+1, y=x+y, z=y+z; // separating multiple expressions
printf("a=%d",a);
}
Output:
x=1 y=2 z=3
a=3
a=2

Programs On Increment Operator:

Post Increment & Pre Increment as Single Statement:

Post Increment Pre Increment

#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>
main() main()
{ {
int x=5; int x=5;

x++; //Post Increment ++x; // Pre Increment

printf("%d",x); printf("%d",x);
} }

Output: Output:
6 6

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Post Increment & Pre Increment in case of Assignment:

Post Increment Pre Increment

#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>
main() main()
{ {
int x=5,y; int x=5,y;

y=x++; y=++x;

printf("x=%d\n",x); printf("x=%d\n",x);
printf("y=%d",y); printf("y=%d",y);
} }

Output: Output:
x=6 x=6
y=5 y=6

Note:

y=x++; :
In this statement, first x value will be assigned to y. Then x value will be
increased.

Y=++x; :
In this statement, first x value will be increased. Then x value be assigned
to y.

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Post Increment & Pre Increment in case of Printing:

Post Increment Pre Increment

#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>
main() main()
{ {
int x=5; int x=5;

printf("%d\n",x++); printf("%d\n",++x);
printf("%d",x); printf("%d",x);
} }

Output: Output:
5 6
6 6

Note:

printf("%d\n",x++); :
In this statement, first x value will be printed. After that x value be
increased.

printf("%d\n",++x); :
In this statement, first x value be increased, then x value will be printed.

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Chapter-3

Control Structures

Example Programs on ‘if’:

1. Program to check whether the given number is even or od using ‘if’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter a Number:");
scanf("%d",&n);

if(n%2==0)
printf("Even Number");

if(n%2!=0)
printf("Odd Number");
}

Output:
Enter a Number:7
Odd Number

2. Program to find biggest in three different numbers using ‘if’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z,big;

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printf("Enter three different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);

big=x;

if(y>big)
big=y;

if(z>big)
big=z;

printf("biggest number=%d",big);
}

Output:
Enter three different numbers:10 50 20
biggest number=50

Example Programs on ‘if else’:

1. Program to check whether the given number is even or odd using

‘if else’:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter a Number:");
scanf("%d",&n);

if(n%2==0)
printf("Even Number");
else
printf("Odd Number");
}

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Output:
Enter a Number:8
Even Number

2. Program to check whether a person is eligible to vote or not:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int age;

printf("Enter your age:");

scanf("%d",&age);

if(age>=18)
printf("Eligible to Vote");

else
printf("Not Eligible to Vote");
}

Output:
Enter your age:23
Eligible to Vote

3. Program to find biggest in two different numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a,b;

printf("Enter two different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

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if(a>b)
printf("%d is big",a);
else
printf("%d is big",b);
}

Output:
Enter two different numbers:20 10
20 is big

Example Programs on ‘if else if’:

1. Program to find result of a student in 3 subjects. Max marks are 100

for each subject.
Minimum 40 marks are required in each subject for pass.
If average is >=60 then result is “First Division”.
If average is between 50 to 59 then result is “Second Division”.
If average is between 40 to 49 then result is “Third Division”:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int m,p,c,avrg;

printf("Enter 3 subjects marks:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&m,&p,&c);

avrg = (m+p+c)/3;

printf("average marks=%d\n",avrg);

if(m<40 || p<40 || c<40)

printf("Fail");
else if(avrg>=60)
printf("First Division");

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else if(avrg>=50)
printf("Second Division");
else
printf("Third Division");
}

Output:
Enter 3 subjects marks:65 69 62
average marks=65
First Division

2. Program to check whether the given number is positive or negative

or zero:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter a number:");
scanf("%d",&n);

if(n>0)
printf("Positive");
else if(n<0)
printf("Negative");
else
printf("Zero");
}

Output:
Enter a number: -5
Negative

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3. Program to find biggest in three different numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z;

printf("Enter 3 different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);

if(x>y && x>z)

printf("%d is big",x);
else if(y>x && y>z)
printf("%d is big",y);
else
printf("%d is big",z);
}

Output:
Enter 3 different numbers:20 30 10
30 is big

4. Program to demonstrate Math Functions:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float k;

k=sqrt(100);
printf("squareroot of 100=%f\n",k);

k=pow(2,3);
printf("2 power 3 = %f \n",k);

printf("5 power 3=%f\n",pow(5,3));

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printf("sin90=%f \n",sin((90*3.14)/180));

k=cos((0*3.14)/180);
printf("cos0=%f\n",k);

k=tan((45*3.14)/180);
printf("tan45=%f",k);
}

Output:
squareroot of 100=10.000000
2 power 3 = 8.000000
5 power 3=125.000000
sin90=1.000000
cos0=1.000000
tan45=0.999204

5. Program to find roots of quadratic equation:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
int a,b,c;
float k;

printf("Enter a,b,c:");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);

k=pow(b,2)-4*a*c;

if(k==0)
printf("root=%f",-b/(2*a));
else if(k>0)
{

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printf("root1=%f\n",(-b+sqrt(k))/(2*a));
printf("root2=%f\n",(-b-sqrt(k))/(2*a));
}
else
{
printf("root1=%f+i%f",-b/(2*a),sqrt(-k)/(2*a));
printf("root2=%f-i%f",-b/(2*a),sqrt(-k)/(2*a));
}

Output:
Enter a,b,c:2 5 -3
root1=0.500000
root2=-3.000000

Example programs on nested if:

1. Program to find biggest in three different numbers using ‘nested if’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z;

printf("Enter three different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);

if(x>y)
{
if(x>z)
printf("%d is big",x);
}
if(y>x)
{

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if(y>z)
printf("%d is big",y);
}
if(z>x)
{
if(z>y)
printf("%d is big",z);
}
}

Output:
Enter three different numbers:40 20 60
60 is big

(OR)

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z;

printf("Enter three different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);

if(x>y)
{
if(x>z)
printf("%d is big",x);
else
printf("%d is big",z);
}
else
{
if(y>z)
printf("%d is big",y);

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else
printf("%d is big",z);
}
}

Output:
Enter three different numbers:60 90 50
90 is big

2. Program to find result of a student using ‘nested if’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int m,p,c,avrg;

printf("Enter 3 subjects marks:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&m,&p,&c);

if(m>=40 && p>=40 && c>=40)

{
avrg = (m+p+c)/3;
printf("average marks=%d\n",avrg);

if(avrg>=60)
printf("First Division");

else if(avrg>=50)
printf("Second Division");

else
printf("Third Division");
}
else
printf("Fail");
}

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Output:
Enter 3 subjects marks:70 65 80
average marks=71
First Division

Example Program on ternary operator:

1. Program to find biggest in three different numbers using Ternary

Operator [Conditional Operator]:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z,big;

printf("Enter three different numbers:");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);

big = x>y ? (x>z?x:z) : (y>z?y:z);

printf("biggest number=%d",big);
}

Output:
Enter three different numbers: 50 20 40
biggest number=50

Example programs on ‘switch’:

1. Program to check whether the given number is even or odd using

switch:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

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int x;

printf("enter a number:");
scanf("%d",&x);

switch(x%2)
{
case 0:
printf("Even");
break;
case 1:
printf("Odd");
}
}

Output:
enter a number: 5
Odd

2. Program to print Month Name of given Month Number:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("Enter month number:");

scanf("%d",&n);

switch(n)
{
case 1:
printf("January");
break;
case 2:
printf("February");

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break;

//write case 3 to case 11

case 12:
printf("December");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid Month Number");
}
}

Output:
Enter month number:12
December

3. Program to perform Arithmetic Operations using ‘switch’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char op;
int x,y;

printf("Enter an Operator (+ - * /):");

scanf("%c",&op);

printf("Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

switch(op)
{
case '+':
printf("sum=%d",x+y);
break;

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case '-':
printf("difference=%d",x-y);
break;

case '*':
printf("product=%d",x*y);
break;

case '/':
printf("Quotient=%d",x/y);
break;

default:
printf("Invalid Operator");

}
}

Output:
Enter an Operator (+ - * /):*
Enter two numbers:5 4
product=20

4. Program to check whether the given Alphabet is vowel or

consonant:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
main()
{
char alpha;

printf("Enter an Alphabet:");
scanf("%c",&alpha);

alpha=tolower(alpha);

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switch(alpha)
{
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
printf("vowel");
break;
default:
printf("Consonant");
}
}

Output:
Enter an Alphabet: i
Vowel

5. Menu driven program using ‘switch’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int choice;

printf(" 1. Apple \n 2. Mango \n 3. Grapes \n");

printf("Enter your favorite fruit:");

scanf("%d",&choice);

switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("ur favorite fruit is Apple");
break;

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case 2:
printf("ur favorite fruit is Mango");
break;
case 3:
printf("ur favorite fruit is Grapes");
break;
default:
printf("Ur choice is not available in memu");
}
}

Output:
1. Apple
2. Mango
3. Grapes
Enter your favorite fruit:2
ur favorite fruit is Mango

Example Programs on ‘while’ loop:

1. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers:

#include<Stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i;

i=1; //Initialization

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

while(i<=n) //Condition
{
printf("%d\n",i);
i++; // Step

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 17

}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
1
2
3
4
5

2. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers in reverse order:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=n;

while(i>=1)
{
printf("%d\n",i);
i--;
}
}

Output:
Enter n:4
4
3
2
1

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 18

3. Program to print multiplication table using while loop:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=1;

while(i<=10)
{
printf(" %d * %d = %d \n",n,i,n*i);
i++;
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
5*1 = 5
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50

4. Program to find factorial of a number using ‘while’ loop:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 19

int n,f=1,i;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=1;
while(i<=n)
{
f=f*i;
i++;
}
printf("%d ! = %d",n,f);
}

(Or)

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,f=1,i;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=n;
while(i>=1)
{
f=f*i;
i--;
}
printf("%d ! = %d",n,f);
}

Output:
Enter n:4
4 ! = 24

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 20

5. Program to count number of digits in given number:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,count;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

count=0;

while(n!=0)
{
n=n/10;
count++;
}

printf("number of digits=%d",count);
}

Output:
Enter n:456
number of digits=3

6. Program to find sum of digits of a given number:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,sum,d;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

sum=0;

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while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
sum=sum+d;
n=n/10;
}

printf("sum of digits=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter n:123
sum of digits=6

7. Program to print reverse number:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,r,d;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

r=0;

while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
r=r*10+d;
n=n/10;
}

printf("reverse number=%d",r);
}

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Output:
Enter n:123
reverse number=321

8. Program to check whether the given number is palindrome or not:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,r,d,temp;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

temp=n;

r=0;
printf("\nbefore entering into loop:\n");
printf("n=%d\n",n);
printf("temp=%d\n",temp);

while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
r=r*10+d;
n=n/10;
}
printf("\n\nafter loop:\n");
printf("n=%d\n",n);
printf("temp=%d\n",temp);

if(temp==r)
printf("Palindrome");
else
printf("Not a Palindrome");
}

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Output:
Enter n:121

before entering into loop:

n=121
temp=121

after loop:
n=0
temp=121
Palindrome

9. Program to check whether the given number is Armstrong Number

or not:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
int n,sum,d,temp;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

temp=n;

sum=0;

while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
sum=sum+pow(d,3);//sum=sum+d*d*d;
n=n/10;
}

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if(temp==sum)
printf("%d is Armstrong",temp);
else
printf("%d is Not An Armstrong",temp);
}

Output:
Enter n:153
153 is Armstrong

Example programs on ‘do while’ Loop:

1. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers using ‘do while’ Loop:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;
printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=1;
do
{
printf("%d\n",i);
i++;
}while(i<=n);

Output:
Enter n:4
1
2
3
4

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2. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers in reverse order using ‘do while’
loop:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=n;

do
{
printf("%d\n",i);
i--;
}while(i>=1);

Output:
Enter n:4
4
3
2
1

Example Programs on ‘for’ Loop:

1. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 26

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("%d\n",i);
}

Output:
Enter n:4
1
2
3
4

2. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers in reverse order:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
printf("%d\n",i);
}

Output:
Enter n:4
4
3
2
1

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 27

3. Program to print first ‘n’ Even Numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("%d\n",2*i);
}

Output:
Enter n:5
2
4
6
8
10

4. Program to print first ‘n’ Odd Numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("%d\n",2*i-1);
}

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Output:
Enter n:5
1
3
5
7
9

5. Program to print even numbers between 2 to n:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=2;i<=n;i=i+2)
printf("%d\n",i);
}

Output:
Enter n:10
2
4
6
8
10

6. Program to print odd numbers between 1 to n:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 29

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i=i+2)
printf("%d\n",i);
}

Output:
Enter n:10
1
3
5
7
9

7. Program to print even and odd numbers between 1 to n and count

number of even numbers & odd numbers:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n, ce=0, co=0;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(i%2==1)
{
printf("%d is odd\n",i);
co++;

}
else

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 30

{
printf("%d is even\n",i);
ce++;
}

}
printf("number of even numbers=%d\n",ce);
printf("number of odd numbers=%d",co);
}

Output:
Enter n:10
1 is odd
2 is even
3 is odd
4 is even
5 is odd
6 is even
7 is odd
8 is even
9 is odd
10 is even
number of even numbers=5
number of odd numbers=5

8. Printing 10 to 100 by taking 10 as step:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;

for(i=10;i<=100;i=i+10)
printf("%d\n",i);
}

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Output:
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

9. Program to find sum of first ‘n’ numbers (or)

Program to find sum of the series 1+2+3+………….+n :
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,sum;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

sum=0;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
sum=sum+i;

printf("sum=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter n:5
sum=15

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10. Program to find sum of squares of first ‘n’ numbers (Or)

Program to find sum of the series 12+22+32+……….+n2 :
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,sum;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

sum=0;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
sum=sum+i*i;

printf("sum=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter n:4
sum=30

11. Program to find sum of the series 12-22+32-42……….n2 :

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,sum,x=1;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

sum=0;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 33

sum=sum+i*i*x;
x=-x;
}
printf("sum=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter n:4
sum=-10

12. Program to print factors and number of factors of a given number:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,count;
printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);
count=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
printf("%d\n",i);
count++;
}
}
printf("number of factors=%d",count);
}
Output:
Enter n:6
1
2
3
6
number of factors=4

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 34

13. Program to check whether the given number is prime number or

not:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,count;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

count=0;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
count++;

printf("number of factors=%d\n",count);

if(count==2)
printf("%d is prime number",n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number",n);

Output:
Enter n:7
number of factors=2
7 is prime number

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 35

14. Program to check whether the given number is perfect number or

not:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,sum;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

sum=0;

for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i;

if(sum==n)
printf("%d is perfect number",n);
else
printf("%d is not a perfect number",n);

Output:
Enter n:6
6 is perfect number

15. Program to find power value without using pow() function:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,p,r=1,i;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 36

printf("Enter a number AND power:");

scanf("%d%d",&n,&p);

for(i=1;i<=p;i++)
r=r*n;

printf(" %d power %d=%d",n,p,r);

}

Output:
Enter a number AND power:2 3
2 power 3=8

16. Program to print Fibonacci Series:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=-1,y=1,i,f,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
f=x+y; //pv+cv
printf("%d\n",f); // cv
x=y;
y=f;
}
}

Output:
Enter n:10
0

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 37

1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34

17. Program to print Multiplication Table of given number using for:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
printf("%d * %d = %d\n",n,i,n*i);
}

Output:
Enter n:3
3*1=3
3*2=6
3*3=9
3 * 4 = 12
3 * 5 = 15
3 * 6 = 18
3 * 7 = 21
3 * 8 = 24
3 * 9 = 27
3 * 10 = 30

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 38

18. Program to find factorial of a given number using for:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,f=1;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

//for(i=1;i<=n;i++) (or)
for(i=n;i>=1;i--)
f=f*i;

printf("%d! = %d",n,f);
}

Output:
Enter n:4
4! = 24

Example programs on goto:

1. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers using ‘goto’:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

i=1;
nareshit:
printf("%d\n",i);
i++;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 39

if(i<=n)
goto nareshit;
}

Output:
Enter n:5
1
2
3
4
5

2. Program to print first ‘n’ numbers in reverse order:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,n;
printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);
i=n;
nareshit:
printf("%d\n",i);
i --;
if(i>=1)
goto nareshit;
}

Output:
Enter n:5
5
4
3
2
1

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 40

3. Program to print multiplication table using goto:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i=1;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

abc:

printf("%d * %d = %d\n",n,i,n*i);
i++;

if(i<=10)
goto abc;
}

Output:
Enter n:5
5*1=5
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50

4. Program to resist the user from entering negative value:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 41

int n;

xyz:

printf("Enter a +ve value:");

scanf("%d",&n);

if(n<0)
goto xyz;

printf("%d",n);

Output:
Enter a +ve value:-5
Enter a +ve value:-12
Enter a +ve value:-20
Enter a +ve value:-8
Enter a +ve value:25
25

5. Program to get Absolute Value using goto [Jumping Forward]:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n;

printf("enter a +ve value:");

scanf("%d",&n);

if(n>0)
goto abcd;

n=-n;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 42

abcd:
printf("%d",n);
}

Output:
enter a +ve value:5
5

Example programs on ‘break’:

1. Program to demonstrate terminating the loop in the middle of

execution using ‘break’:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d\n",i);
if(i==5)
break;
}
}

Output:
1
2
3
4
5

2. Program to check whether a given number is prime or not:

#include<stdio.h>
main()

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 43

{
int n,i,found;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

found=0;

for(i=2;i<n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
found=1;
break;
}
}
if(found==0)
printf("%d is prime number",n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number",n);
}

Output:
Enter n:7
7 is prime number

Example programs on ‘continue’:

1. Program to demonstrate continue:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 44

{
if(i==5 || i==7)
continue;
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}

Output:
1
2
3
4
6
8
9
10

2. Using continue in ‘while’ loop:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i=1;

while(1) //true
{
printf("%d\n",i);
i++;
if(i<=5)
continue;
break;
}
}

Output:
1

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 45

2
3
4
5

Example Programs on Nested Loops:

1. Program to print 5 stars for 10 lines:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,j;

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
printf(" * ");
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 46

2. Program to print prime numbers between the given range:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,count,i,s,e;

printf("enter starting and ending numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&s,&e);

for(n=s;n<=e;n++)
{
count=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
count++;
}
if(count==2)
printf("%d\n",n);
}
}

Output:
enter starting and ending numbers: 1 20
2
3
5
7
11
13
17
19

3. Program to print Perfect Numbers between the given range:

#include<stdio.h>

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 47

main()
{
int n, sum, i,s,e;

printf("Enter starting and ending values:");

scanf("%d%d",&s,&e);

for(n=s;n<=e;n++)
{

sum=0;
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i;
}
if(sum==n)
printf("%d\n",n);
}
}

Output:
Enter starting and ending values: 1 10000
6
28
496
8128

4. Program to print Armstrong Numbers between the given range:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,temp,sum,d,s,e;

printf("Enter starting and ending value:");

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 48

scanf("%d%d",&s,&e);

for(n=s;n<=e;n++)
{
temp=n;
sum=0;
while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
sum=sum+d*d*d;
n=n/10;
}
if(sum==temp)
printf("%d\n",temp);

n=temp;

}
}

Output:
Enter starting and ending value:1 10000
1
153
370
371
407

5. Program to print following pattern:

* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

#include<stdio.h>

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 49

main()
{
int i,j,n;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
printf(" * ");
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *

6. Program to print following pattern:

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 50

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(i+j>=n+1)
printf(" * ");
else
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

7. Program to print following pattern:

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,j,n;

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 51

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf(" * ");
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

8. Program to print following pattern:

* * * * *
* *
* *
* *
* * * * *

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 52

{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(i==1 || i==n || j==1 || j==n)
printf(" * ");
else
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:

Enter n:5
* * * * *
* *
* *
* *
* * * * *

9. Program to print following pattern:

*
* *
* *
* *
* * * * *

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 53

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(j==1 || i==n || i==j )
printf(" * ");
else
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
*
* *
* *
* *
* * * * *

10. Program to print following pattern:

*
*
* * * * *
*
*

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j,p;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

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Classroom Programs Naresh IT 54

p=(n/2)+1;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(i==p || j==p)
printf(" * ");
else
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
*
*
* * * * *
*
*

11. Program to print following pattern:

* * * *
* *
* * * * *
* *
* * * *

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j,p;

printf("Enter n:");

Control Structures V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 55

scanf("%d",&n);

p=(n/2)+1;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(i==p || j==p || (i==1 && j<=p) || (i==n && j>=p)
|| (j==1 && i>=p) || (j==n && i<=p))
printf(" * ");
else
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Enter n:5
* * * *
* *
* * * * *
* *
* * * *

12. Program to print following pattern:

+ - + - +
- + - + -
+ - + - +
- + - + -
+ - + - +

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j,p;

Control Structures V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 56

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

p=(n/2)+1;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if((i+j)%2==0)
printf(" + ");
else
printf(" - ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
+ - + - +
- + - + -
+ - + - +
- + - + -
+ - + - +

13. Program to print following pattern:

1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

Control Structures V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 57

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,j;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf(" %d ",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

14. Program to print following pattern:

1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

Control Structures V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 58

int n,i,j;

printf("Enter n:");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf(" %d ",i);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter n:5
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5

Control Structures V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-4

Functions

1. No Argument, No Return:

#include<stdio.h>
void add(); // Function Declaration (or) Function Prototype
void add() //Function Definition
{
int x,y;

printf("Enter x,y:");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

printf("sum=%d\n",x+y);
}
main()
{
add(); //Call of Function
add();
add();
add();
}

Output:
Enter x,y:10 20
sum=30
Enter x,y:5 4
sum=9
Enter x,y:20 40
sum=60
Enter x,y:30 50
sum=80

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

2. Argument, No Return:

#include<stdio.h>
void add(int,int);
void add(int x,int y)
{
printf("sum=%d\n",x+y);
}
main()
{
add(5,4);
add(60,40);
add(20,40);
add(100,600);
}

Output:
sum=9
sum=100
sum=60
sum=700

3. No Argument, Return:

#include<stdio.h>
int add();
int add()
{
int x,y;

printf("Enter x,y:");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);

return x+y;
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

main()
{
int k;
k=add();
printf("sum=%d\n",k);

k=add();
printf("sum=%d\n",k);

printf("sum=%d\n",add());

printf("sum=%d\n",add());
}

Output:
Enter x,y:10 20
sum=30
Enter x,y:5 4
sum=9
Enter x,y:3 2
sum=5
Enter x,y:6 8
sum=14

4. Argument, Return:

int add(int,int);
#include<stdio.h>

int add(int x,int y)

{
return x+y;
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

main()
{
int k;

k=add(1,2);
printf("sum=%d\n",k);

printf("sum=%d",add(4,3));
}

Output:
sum=3
sum=7

5. Write a function to find average of three numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
float average(int,int,int);
float average(int x,int y,int z)
{
return (float)(x+y+z)/3;
}
main()
{
float k;
k=average(10,31,20);
printf("average=%f",k);

printf("\naverage=%f",average(20,55,39));
}

Output:
average=20.333334
average=38.000000

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

6. Write a Function to find factorial of a number:

#include<stdio.h>
int fact(int);
int fact(int n)
{
int f=1,i;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
f=f*i;

return f;
}
main()
{
printf("4!=%d\n",fact(4));
printf("5!=%d\n",fact(5));
}

Output:
4!=24
5!=120

7. Write a Function to find power values:

#include<stdio.h>
int power(int,int);

int power(int n,int p)

{
int r=1,i;
for(i=1;i<=p;i++)
r=r*n;
return r;
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

main()
{
int k;
k=power(2,3);
printf("2 power 3=%d\n",k);

printf("5 power 2 =%d",power(5,2));

}

Output:
2 power 3=8
5 power 2 =25

8. Write a function to check whether the number is even or odd

using Argument, No Return style:

#include<stdio.h>
void iseven(int);
void iseven(int n)
{
if(n%2==0)
printf("%d is even\n",n);
else
printf("%d is odd\n",n);
}
main()
{
iseven(4);
iseven(3);
}

Output:
4 is even
3 is odd

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

9. Write a function to check whether the number is even or odd

using Argument, Return style:

#include<stdbool.h>
#include<stdio.h>
bool iseven(int);

bool iseven(int n)
{
if(n%2==0)
return true;
else
return false;
}

main()
{
bool b;
b=iseven(7);
if(b)
printf("even");
else
printf("odd");
}

Output:
odd

10. Write a function to check whether the number is prime or not:

#include<stdbool.h>
#include<stdio.h>
bool isprime(int);

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

bool isprime(int n)
{
int count=0,i;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
count++;
}
if(count==2)
return true;
else
return false;
}
main()
{
bool k;

k=isprime(7));
if(k)
printf("prime number");
else
printf("not a prime number");
}
Output:
Prime number

11. Write a function to print multiplication table of a number:

#include<stdio.h>
void mtable(int);
void mtable(int n)
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
printf("%d*%d=%d\n",n,i,n*i);
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

main()
{
mtable(5);
}
Output:
5*1=5
5*2=10
5*3=15
5*4=20
5*5=25
5*6=30
5*7=35
5*8=40
5*9=45
5*10=50

12. Write the functions to find biggest and smallest in two different
numbers:

#include<stdio.h>
int max(int,int);
int min(int,int);
int max(int x,int y)
{
return x>y?x:y;
}
int min(int x,int y)
{
return x<y?x:y;
}
main()
{
printf("max value=%d\n",max(10,20));
printf("min value=%d\n",min(10,20));
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

Output:
max value=20
min value=10

13. Write the functions to find square and cube values:

#include<stdio.h>
int square(int);
int cube(int);
int square(int n)
{
return n*n;
}
int cube(int n)
{
return n*n*n;
}
main()
{
printf("%d\n",square(5));
printf("%d\n",cube(5));
}

Output:
25
125

Programs on Recursion:

1. Write a program to find factorial vale using Recursion:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int fact(int);

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 11

int fact(int n)
{
if(n==1)
return 1;
else
return n*fact(n-1);
}
main()
{
int k;
k=fact(4);
printf("4!=%d",k);
}
Output:
4!=24

2. Write a program to find power value using Recursion:

#include<stdio.h>
int power(int,int);
int power(int n,int p)
{
if(p==0)
return 1;
else
return n*power(n,p-1);
}
main()
{
int k;
k=power(2,3);
printf("2 power 3=%d",k);
}
Output:
2 power 3=8

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 12

3. Write a program to sum of digits using recursion:

#include<stdio.h>
int sum(int);
int sum(int n)
{
if(n==0)
return 0;
else
return n%10+sum(n/10);
}
main()
{
int k;
k=sum(456);
printf("sum of digits=%d",k);
}
Output:
sum of digits=15

4. Write a program to print Fibonacci Series using Recursion:

#include<stdio.h>
int fibo(int n)
{
if(n==0 || n==1)
return n;
else
return fibo(n-1)+fibo(n-2);
}
main()
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
printf("%d\n",fibo(i));
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 13

Output:
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34

Programs on Storage Classes:

1. Program to demonstrate “auto” storage class:

#include<stdio.h>
void f1();
main()
{
auto int a=100; //auto variable
f1();
printf("%d\n",a); //100

// printf("%d\n",x);

/* Uncomment above staement and run it.

Gives Error.Because
we cannot access x variable of f1() in main(). */
}
void f1()
{
auto int x=200; //auto variable
printf("%d\n",x); //200

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 14

// printf("%d\n",a);

/* Uncomment above staement and run it.

Gives Error. Because
we cannot access a variable of main() in f1(). */
}
Output:
200
100

2. Program to demonstrate “extern” storage class:

#include<stdio.h>
void f1();
void f2();
int x=50; //Extern Variable (or) Global Variable
void main()
{
printf("from main:%d\n",x);
x=100;
f1();
}
void f1()
{
printf("from f1: %d\n",x);
x=200;
f2();
}
void f2()
{
printf("from f2: %d\n",x);
}

Output:
from main:50
from f1: 100
from f2: 200

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 15

3. auto VS extern [Local VS Global]:

int x=60; //global variable [extern]

void f1();
void f2();
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
f2();
f1();
printf("%d\n",x); //prints 200. It is Modified global value
}
void f1()
{
int x=50; //local variable [auto]
printf("%d\n",x); //prints 50. Takes local value.
x=100; //Modifies local x
}
void f2()
{
printf("%d\n",x); // prints 60. Global value
x=200; // Modifies global x
}

Output:
60
50
200

4. Program to demonstrate static local variable:

void f1();
static int x=0;

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 16

void f1()
{
static int x=0; //static local variable
x++;

printf("%d\n",x);
}
main()
{
int i;

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
f1();
}

Output:
1
2
3
4
5

5. Program to demonstrate static global variable:

#include<stdio.h>
void f1();
static int x=0; //static global variable

void f1()
{
x++;
printf("function call number is %d\n",x);
}

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 17

main()
{
int i;

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
f1();

printf("number of function calls=%d",x);

}

Output:
function call number is 1
function call number is 2
function call number is 3
function call number is 4
function call number is 5
number of function calls=5

6. Program to demonstrate “register” storage class:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
register int i;

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
printf("%d\n",i);
}

Output:
1
2
3
4
5

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 18

7. Program to get default values of all storage classes:

int e; //extern
main()
{
int a; //auto
static int s; //static
register int r; //register

printf("auto default=%d\n",a);
printf("extern default=%d\n",e);
printf("static default=%d\n",s);
printf("register default=%d\n",r);
}

Output:
auto default=0
extern default=0
static default=0
register default=1

Functions V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-5

Arrays

1. Program to demonstrate Initializing Single Dimensional Array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5] = {10,15,30,25,20},i;

printf("%d\n\n",x[2]); //30

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
30

10
15
30
25
20

2. Program to read and print single dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:15 10 25 20 30
15
10
25
20
30

3. Program to assign one array to another:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],y[10],n,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
y[i]=x[i];

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

printf("x array\t y-array\n");

printf("----------------------------------\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t%d\n",x[i],y[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:10 50 20 40 30
x array y-array
----------------------------------
10 10
50 50
20 20
40 40
30 30

4. Program to print array elements in reverse order:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);
}

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

Output:
Enter number of elements:4
Enter x-array elements:20 40 30 80
80
30
40
20

5. Program to assign one array to another in reverse order:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],y[10],n,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
y[n-i-1]=x[i];

printf("x array\t y-array\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t%d\n",x[i],y[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:4
Enter x-array elements:10 20 30 40

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

x array y-array
------------------------------------------------
10 40
20 30
30 20
40 10

6. Program to append two arrays:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],y[10],z[20],n,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

printf("Enter y-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&y[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
z[i]=x[i];
z[n+i]=y[i];
}

for(i=0;i<2*n;i++)
printf("%d\n",z[i]);
}

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

Output:
Enter number of elements:4
Enter x-array elements:10 20 30 40
Enter y-array elements:11 22 33 44
10
20
30
40
11
22
33
44

7. Program to append two arrays alternatively:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],y[10],z[20],n,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

printf("Enter y-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&y[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
z[2*i]=x[i];
z[2*i+1]=y[i];

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

for(i=0;i<2*n;i++)
printf("%d\n",z[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:4
Enter x-array elements:10 20 30 40
Enter y-array elements:11 22 33 44
10
11
20
22
30
33
40
44

8. Program to find sum of elements of the Array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i,sum=0;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum=sum+x[i];

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

printf("sum of elements=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:4
Enter x-array elements:10 20 30 40
sum of elements=100

9. Program to find maximum and minimum value in the array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i,max,min;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

max=x[0];
min=x[0];

for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
if(x[i]>max)
max=x[i];
if(x[i]<min)
min=x[i];
}

printf("maximum value=%d\n",max);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

printf("minimum value=%d",min);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:4
Enter x-array elements:10 50 20 15
maximum value=50
minimum value=10

10. Program to sort the array elements using Bubble Sort:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i,j,temp;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)
{
if(x[j]>x[j+1])
{
temp=x[j];
x[j]=x[j+1];
x[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:6 8 7 9 2
2
6
7
8
9

11. Program to search for an element in the array using Linear Search:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,e,i,found;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

printf("Enter the searching element:");

scanf("%d",&e);

found=0;

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 11

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(e==x[i])
{
found=1;
break;
}
}

if(found==1)
printf("%d is existed in array",e);
else
printf("%d is not existed in array",e);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:10 50 20 90 30
Enter the searching element:20
20 is existed in array

12. Program to search for an element in the array using Binary Search:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,e,i,found,l,h,mid;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements in ascending order:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 12

printf("Enter the searching element:");

scanf("%d",&e);
found=0;

l=0;
h=n-1;

while(l<=h)
{
mid=(l+h)/2;
if(e==x[mid])
{
found=1;
break;
}
else if(e>x[mid])
l=mid+1;
else
h=mid-1;
}
if(found==1)
printf("%d is Found",e);
else
printf("%d is not Found",e);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements in ascending order:10 20 30 40 50
Enter the searching element:30
30 is Found

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 13

13. Program to modify an element in the array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i,p,e;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

printf("Enter the position to be modified:");

scanf("%d",&p);

printf("Enter new element:");

scanf("%d",&e);

x[p-1]=e;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:10 20 50 40 30
Enter the position to be modified:2
Enter new element:100
10
100
50
40
30

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 14

14. Program to insert an element in the array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,i,p,e;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

printf("Enter the position to be inserted:");

scanf("%d",&p);

printf("Enter new element:");

scanf("%d",&e);

for(i=n;i>=p;i--)
x[i]=x[i-1];

x[p-1]=e;

for(i=0;i<n+1;i++)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:10 20 50 40 30
Enter the position to be inserted:2
Enter new element:100
10
100

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 15

20
50
40
30

15. Program to delete an element in the array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[10],n,p,i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-array elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);

printf("Enter the position to be deleted:");

scanf("%d",&p);

for(i=p-1;i<n-1;i++)
x[i]=x[i+1];

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
printf("%d\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of elements:5
Enter x-array elements:10 20 50 40 30
Enter the position to be deleted:2
10
50

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 16

40
30

16. Program to demonstrate initializing two-dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[][3]={ {10,20,30},
{40,50,60} },i,j;

printf("%d\n\n",x[0][2]);

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
30

10 20 30
40 50 60

17. Program to read and print square matrix:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],n,i,j;

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 17

printf("Enter number of rows or columns:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter number of rows or columns:2
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 15 25
10 20
15 25

18. Program to read and print rectangle matrix:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],y[5][5],m,n,i,j;

printf("Enter number of rows and columns:");

scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 18

for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

printf("\nX-Matrix elements are:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter number of rows and columns:2 3
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40 50 60

X-Matrix elements are:

10 20 30
40 50 60

19. Program to assign one matrix to another:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],y[5][5],m,n,i,j;

printf("Enter number of rows and columns:");

scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 19

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
y[i][j]=x[i][j];

printf("\nY-Matrix elements are:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",y[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter number of rows and columns:2 3
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40 50 60

Y-Matrix elements are:

10 20 30
40 50 60

20. Program to find transpose of given matrix:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],y[5][5],m,n,i,j;

printf("Enter number of rows and columns:");

scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 20

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
y[j][i]=x[i][j];

printf("\nX-Matrix elements are:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}

printf("\nY-Matrix elements are:\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
printf("%d\t",y[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter number of rows and columns:2 3
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40 50 60

X-Matrix elements are:

10 20 30
40 50 60

Y-Matrix elements are:

10 40
20 50
30 60

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 21

21. Program to find sum of elements of two-dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],n,i,j,sum=0;

printf("Enter number of rows or columns:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
sum=sum+x[i][j];

printf("sum of elements=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter number of rows or columns:2
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40
sum of elements=100

22. Program to find sum of elements of principal diagonal:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],n,i,j,sum=0;

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 22

printf("Enter number of rows or columns:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(i==j)
sum=sum+x[i][j];
}
}
printf("sum of elements=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter number of rows or columns:3
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
sum of elements=150

23. Program to find sum of elements of upper left triangle:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],n,i,j,sum=0;

printf("Enter number of rows or columns:");

scanf("%d",&n);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 23

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(i+j<=n-1)
sum=sum+x[i][j];
}
}
printf("sum of elements=%d",sum);
}

Output:
Enter number of rows or columns:3
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
sum of elements=220

24. Program to add two matrices:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],y[5][5],z[5][5],m,n,i,j;

printf("Enter number of rows and columns:");

scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);

printf("Enter x-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 24

printf("Enter y-matrix elements:");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&y[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
z[i][j] = x[i][j]+y[i][j];

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",z[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter number of rows and columns:2 3
Enter x-matrix elements:10 20 30 40 50 60
Enter y-matrix elements:11 22 33 44 55 66
21 42 63
84 105 126

25. Program to multiply two matrices:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[5][5],y[5][5],z[5][5],m,n,p,q,i,j,k;

printf("Enter x-matrix size:");

scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 25

printf("Enter y-matrix size:");

scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);

if(n!=p)
printf("Matrix Multiplication is not possible");
else
{
printf("Enter x-matrx elements:");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);

printf("Enter y-matrx elements:");

for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
scanf("%d",&y[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
z[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<p;k++)
z[i][j] = z[i][j]+x[i][k]*y[k][j];
}
}

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%d\t",z[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
}

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 26

Output:
Enter x-matrix size:2 3
Enter y-matrix size:3 2
Enter x-matrx elements:10 20 30 40 50 60
Enter y-matrx elements:11 44 22 55 33 66
1540 3520
3520 8470

26. Program to demonstrate initializing three-dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[2][2][3] = { {{10,20,30},{40,50,60}},
{{11,22,33},{44,55,66}} };
int i,j,k;

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j][k]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
10 20 30
40 50 60

11 22 33
44 55 66

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 27

27. Program to read and print three-dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[2][2][3];
int i,j,k;

printf("Enter x-matrix elements [12 elements]:\n");

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j][k]);

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j][k]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter x-matrix elements [12 elements]:
10 20 30 40 50 60 11 22 33 44 55 66
10 20 30
40 50 60

11 22 33
44 55 66

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 28

28. Program to demonstrate four-dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[2][2][2][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
int i,j,k,l;

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<2;k++)
{
for(l=0;l<3;l++)
printf("%d\t",x[i][j][k][l]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("..............................\n");
}
}
Output:
1 2 3
4 5 6

7 8 9
10 11 12
..............................
13 14 15
16 17 18

19 20 21
22 23 24
..............................

Arrays V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-6

Strings

1. Program to demonstrate Initializing and Printing a String:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20]={'r','a','j','u'};
int i;

printf("%s\n",x);

printf("%c\n",x[2]);

printf(x);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<4;i++)
printf("%c",x[i]);
printf("\n");

for(i=0;x[i]!=0;i++)
printf("%c",x[i]);

printf("\n");

puts(x);
}

Output:
raju
j

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

raju
raju
raju
raju

2. Program to demonstrate initializing and printing a string:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10]="Raju";

printf("Hi %s",x);
}

Output:
Hi Raju

3. Program to read and print a string:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20];

printf("Enter your name:");

scanf("%s",x);

printf("Hi %s",x);
}

Output:
Enter your name:Ramu
Hi Ramu

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

4. Program to read and print a string:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20],y[20];

printf("Enter a String:");
scanf("%s",x);

printf("%s\n",x);

fflush(stdin);

printf("Enter a string:");
gets(y);
puts(y);
}

Output:
Enter a String:Ravi
Ravi
Enter a string:Krishna
Krishna

5. Program to find length of a string using strlen() function:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char x[20];
int n;

printf("Enter a string:");

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

scanf("%s",x);

n=strlen(x);

printf("number of char=%d",n);
}

Output:
Enter a string:raju
number of char=4

6. Program to find length of a string without using strlen() function:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20];
int count;

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

/* for(count=0;x[count]!=0;count++)
{
}

OR */

count=0;
while(x[count]!='\0')
{
count++;
}
printf("number of char=%d",count);
}

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

Output:
Enter a string:raju
number of char=4

7. Program to copy a string using strcpy() function:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20],y[20];

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

strcpy(y,x);

printf(" x string=%s \n y string=%s",x,y);

}

Output:
Enter a string:raju
x string=raju
y string=raju

8. Program to copy a string without using strcpy() function:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20],y[20];
int i;

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

for(i=0;x[i]!='\0';i++)
y[i]=x[i];

y[i]='\0';

printf(" x string=%s \n y string=%s",x,y);

}

Output:
Enter a string:ravi
x string=ravi
y string=ravi

9. Program to print reverse string using strrev() function:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20];

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

strrev(x);

printf("reverse string:%s",x);

}
Output:
Enter a string:ramu
reverse string:umar

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

10. Program to print reverse string without using strrev() function:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20],y[20];
int i,n;

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

n=strlen(x);

for(i=0;x[i]!=0;i++)
y[n-i-1]=x[i];

y[i]=0;

printf("reverse string:%s",y);

Output:
Enter a string:ramu
reverse string:umar

11. Program to concatenate two strings using strcat() function:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10],y[10];

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

printf("Enter two strings:");

scanf("%s%s",x,y);

strcat(x,y);

printf("concatenated string=%s",x);
}

Output:
Enter two strings:raj
kumar
concatenated string=rajkumar

12. Program to concatenate two strings without using strcat() function:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10],y[10],z[20];
int i,n;

printf("Enter two strings:");

scanf("%s%s",x,y);

n = strlen(x);

for(i=0;x[i]!=0;i++)
z[i]=x[i];

for(i=0;y[i]!=0;i++)
z[n+i]=y[i];

z[n+i]=0;

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

printf("concatenated string=%s",z);
}
Output:
Enter two strings:sai
kumar
concatenated string=saikumar

13. Program to compare two strings:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10],y[10];
int k;
printf("Enter two strings:");
scanf("%s%s",x,y);

k=strcmp(x,y);
printf("%d\n",k);
if(k>0)
printf("x is big");
else if(k<0)
printf("y is big");
else
printf("both are equal");
}

Output:
Enter two strings:raj
kumar
1
x is big

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

14. Program to check whether the given string is palindrome or not:

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10],y[10];

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

strcpy(y,x);

strrev(y);

if(strcmp(x,y)==0)
printf("Palindrome");
else
printf("Not a Palindrome");
}

Output:
Enter a string:liril
Palindrome

15. Program to convert the given string to lower case using strlwr()
function:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char x[20];
printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 11

printf("Before calling strlwr=%s\n",x);

strlwr(x);

printf("After calling strlwr=%s\n",x);

}

Output:
Enter a string:RAMU
Before calling strlwr=RAMU
After calling strlwr=ramu

16. Program to convert the given string to upper case using strupr()
function:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char x[20];

printf("Enter a string:");
scanf("%s",x);

printf("Before calling strupr=%s\n",x);

strupr(x);

printf("After calling strupr=%s\n",x);

}

Output:
Enter a string:ramu
Before calling strupr=ramu
After calling strupr=RAMU

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 12

17. Program to demonstrate initializing two-dimensional array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char ch;
int nw=0,nl=0,nc=0,nupr=0,nlwr=0,nd=0,ns=0;

printf("Enter Text [press F6 or ctrl+Z to stop]:\n");

while((ch=getchar())!=EOF)
{
if(ch==' ')
nw++;
else if(ch=='\n')
{
nl++;
nw++;
}
else if(ch>='A' && ch<='Z')
nupr++;
else if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
nlwr++;
else if(ch>='0' && ch<='9')
nd++;
else
ns++;
}

printf("Number of Words=%d\n",nw);
printf("Number of Lines=%d\n",nl);
printf("Number of upper case chars=%d\n",nupr);
printf("Number of lower case chars=%d\n",nlwr);
printf("Number of digits=%d\n",nd);
printf("Number of special chars=%d",ns);

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 13

Output:
Enter Text [press F6 or ctrl+Z to stop]:
H! Every1,
How @re you?
^Z
Number of Words=5
Number of Lines=2
Number of upper case chars=3
Number of lower case chars=11
Number of digits=1
Number of special chars=4

18. Program to demonstrate initializing double dimensional character

array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10][10]={"raju","kiran","sai","krishna"};
int i;

printf("%s\n\n",x[1]);

for(i=0;i<4;i++)
printf("%s\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
kiran

raju
kiran
sai
krishna

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 14

19. Program to read and print Double Dimensional Character Array:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10][10];
int i,n;

printf("Enter number of strings:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter %d strings:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%s",x[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%s\n",x[i]);
}

Output:
Enter number of strings:5
Enter 5 strings:
ravi sai sravan arun vijay
ravi
sai
sravan
arun
vijay

Strings V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-7

Pointers

1. Program to demonstrate pointers and printing addresses:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=30,*p; // p -> pointer variable
float y=56.78,*q;

p=&x;

printf("size of p=%d\n",sizeof(p));
printf("size of q=%d\n",sizeof(q));

printf("value=%d\n",x); //30

printf("address=%d\n",&x);

printf("value=%d\n",*&x); //30

printf("address=%d\n",p);

printf("value=%d\n",*p); //30

*p = 50;
printf("%d",x);
}

Output:
size of p=8
size of q=8
value=30

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

address=6487564
value=30
address=6487564
value=30
50

2. Same Pointer variable can point to many data variables:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=20,y=30,*p;

p=&x;
printf("%d\n",*p); //20

p=&y;
printf("%d\n",*p); //30
}

Output:
20
30

3. Many Pointer variables can point to single data variable:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=30,*p1,*p2;

p1=&x;
p2=&x;

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

printf("%d\n",*p1);

printf("%d\n",*p2);
}

Output:
30
30

4. Pointer Arithmetic:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
short int x=15,*p;

p=&x;

printf("address=%d\n",p);

p++; //Pointer Arithmetic

printf("address=%d\n",p);
}

Output:
address=6487574
address=6487576

5. Pointer Arithmetic:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

int x[] = {10,20,30,40,50},*p;

p=x; // (or) p=&x[0];

printf("%d\n",*p); //10

p++; //Pointer Arithmetic

printf("%d\n",*p); //20

p=p+2; //Pointer Arithmetic

printf("%d\n",*p);

p--;
printf("%d\n",*p);

p=p-2;
printf("%d\n",*p); //10

p=p+3;
printf("%d\n",*p);
}

Output:
10
20
40
30
10
40

6. Pointer Arithmetic:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
short int x[] = {10,20,30,40,50},*p;

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

p=x;

printf("%d\n",*p);

p=p+4;
printf("%d\n",*p);

p--;
printf("%d\n",*p);

p=p-2;
printf("%d\n",*p);

p++;
printf("%d\n",*p);
}

7. Program to access single dimensional array using pointers:

//printing 1d-array using pointers

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[]={20,25,30,35,40},*p,i;

p=x;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d\n",*(x+i));
//printf("%d\n",*(p+i));
//printf("%d\n",*p++);
}

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

Output:
20
25
30
35
40

8. Program to assign one array to another using pointers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[]={10,20,30},y[5],*p,i;

p=x;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
*(y+i)=*(x+i);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
printf("%d\n",*(y+i));
}

Output:
10
20
30

9. Program to access two-dimensional array using pointers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[2][3] = {{10,20,30},{40,50,60}},*p,i,j;

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

p=x;

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
printf("%d\t",*p++);
//printf("%d\t",*(*(x+i)+j));
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
10 20 30
40 50 60

10. Program to access three-dimensional array using pointers:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[2][2][3] = { {{10,20,30},{40,50,60}},
{{10,20,30},{40,50,60}} },*p,i,j,k;

p=x;

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
printf("%d\t",*(*(*(x+i)+j)+k));
//printf("%d\t",*p++);
}
printf("\n");

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

}
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
10 20 30
40 50 60

10 20 30
40 50 60

11. Program to demonstrate pointer array [Array of Pointers]:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x[] = {10,20,30,40,50},*p[5],i;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
p[i]=&x[i];

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d\n",*p[i]);

Output:
10
20
30
40
50

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

12. Pointer to Pointer:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=50,*p1,**p2,***p3;

p1=&x;
p2=&p1;
p3=&p2;

printf("%d\n",x);
printf("%d\n",*p1);
printf("%d\n",**p2);
printf("%d",***p3);
}

Output:
50
50
50
50

13. Call By Value:

#include<stdio.h>
void swap(int x,int y)
{
int temp;
temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;
//printf("x=%d\ny=%d\n",x,y);
}

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

main()
{
int a=20,b=30;
swap(a,b); // call by value
printf("a=%d\nb=%d\n",a,b);
}

Output:
a=20
b=30

14. Call By Reference:

#include<stdio.h>
void swap(int *x,int *y)
{
int temp;
temp=*x;
*x=*y;
*y=temp;
//printf("x=%d\ny=%d\n",x,y);
}
main()
{
int a=20,b=30;
swap(&a,&b); // call by reference
printf("a=%d\nb=%d\n",a,b);
}

Output:
a=30
b=20

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 11

15. Dynamic memory allocation using malloc():

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int *p;

p = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));

printf("Enter an Integer:");
scanf("%d",p);

printf("%d",*p);

free(p);
}

Output:
Enter an Integer:40
40

16. Dynamic memory allocation using calloc():

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
main()
{
int *p;

p=(int*)calloc(10,sizeof(int));

*(p+0) = 40;
*(p+1) = 50;
*(p+2) = 30;

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 12

printf("%d\n",*(p+0));
printf("%d\n",*(p+1));
printf("%d\n",*(p+2));
}

Output:
40
50
30

Pointers V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-8

User-Defined Data Types

[Structures, Unions & Enumerations]

1. Program to demonstrate Initializing a structure variable:

#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
};
main()
{
struct student s1={25,"Sai"};

printf("%d\t%s",s1.rno,s1.name);
}

Output:
25 Sai

2. Program to demonstrate reading and printing structure elements:

#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
};
main()
{
struct student s1;

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

printf("Enter rno,name:");
scanf("%d%s",&s1.rno,s1.name);

printf("rno=%d\tname=%s\n",s1.rno,s1.name);
}

Output:
Enter rno,name:20 Arun
rno=20 name=Arun

3. Program to demonstrate typedef keyword:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
typedef int rama;
typedef rama krishna;
rama x=20;
krishna y=30;

printf("%d",x+y);
}

Output:
50

4. Program to assign one structure to another:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct employee
{
int empid;
char ename[20];
double sal;
}emp;

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

main()
{
emp e1,e2;

printf("Enter empid,ename, sal:");

scanf("%d%s%Lf",&e1.empid,e1.ename,&e1.sal);

e2 = e1;

printf("e1:\n%d\t%s\t%Lf\n",e1.empid,e1.ename,e1.sal);
printf("e2:\n%d\t%s\t%Lf\n",e2.empid,e2.ename,e2.sal);
}

Output:
Enter empid,ename, sal:1234 raju 5000
e1:
1234 raju 5000.000000
e2:
1234 raju 5000.000000

5. Structure as Argument:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int marks;
}std;
void show(std);
void show(std s) //Structure as Argument
{
printf("%d\t%s\t%d\n",s.rno,s.name,s.marks);
}

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

main()
{
std s1;

printf("Enter rno,name and marks:\n");

scanf("%d%s%d",&s1.rno,s1.name,&s1.marks);

show(s1);
}

Output:
Enter rno,name and marks:
20 Sravan 500
20 Sravan 500

6. Returning Structure:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int marks;
}std;
std f1();
std f1()
{
std s={12,"Vijay",456};

return s;
}
main()
{
std s1;

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

s1 = f1();

printf("%d\t%s\t%d",s1.rno,s1.name,s1.marks);
}

Output:
12 Vijay 456

7. Reading and Printing Structure Using Functions:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
}std;
std getstd();
void putstd(std);
void putstd(std);
std getstd()
{
std s;

printf("enter rno,name:");
scanf("%d%s",&s.rno,s.name);

return s;
}
void putstd(std a)
{
printf("%d\t%s\n",a.rno,a.name);
}
main()
{
std s1,s2,s3;

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

s1 = getstd();
s2 = getstd();
s3 = getstd();

putstd(s1);
putstd(s2);
putstd(s3);
}

Output:
enter rno,name:10 raju
enter rno,name:20 kiran
enter rno,name:30 vijay
10 raju
20 kiran
30 vijay

8. Array of Structure:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int m1,m2,m3;
}std;
main()
{
std s[10]; //Array of Structure
int n,i;

printf("Enter number of students:");

scanf("%d",&n);

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter rno,name,3 subs marks:");

scanf("%d%s%d%d%d",&s[i].rno,s[i].name,&s[i].m1,&s[i].m2,
&s[i].m3);
}

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",s[i].rno,s[i].name,s[i].m1,s[i].
m2,s[i].m3);
}

Output:
Enter number of students:2
Enter rno,name,3 subs marks:10 raju 45 60 55
Enter rno,name,3 subs marks:20 kiran 70 90 80
10 raju 45 60 55
20 kiran 70 90 80

9. Structure of Array:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int m[10]; //Structure of Array
}std;
main()
{
std s[10]; //Array of Structure
int n,i,j,ns;

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

printf("Enter number of students:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter number of subjects:");

scanf("%d",&ns);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter rno,name, %d subjects marks:",ns);
scanf("%d%s",&s[i].rno,s[i].name);
for(j=0;j<ns;j++)
scanf("%d",&s[i].m[j]);
}

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d\t%s",s[i].rno,s[i].name);
for(j=0;j<ns;j++)
printf("\t%d",s[i].m[j]);
printf("\n");
}
}

Output:
Enter number of students:2
Enter number of subjects:3
Enter rno,name, 3 subjects marks:10 Raju 50 70 60
Enter rno,name, 3 subjects marks:20 Kiran 66 88 77
10 Raju 50 70 60
20 Kiran 66 88 77

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

10. Pointer to Structure:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
}std;
main()
{
std s1,*p;

p=&s1;

printf("enter rno,name:");
scanf("%d%s",&s1.rno,s1.name);

printf("%d\t%s\n",s1.rno,s1.name);

printf("%d\t%s\n",*&s1.rno,*&s1.name);

printf("%d\t%s\n",(*p).rno,(*p).name);

printf("%d\t%s",p->rno,p->name);
}

Output:
enter rno,name:10 Raju
10 Raju
10 Raju
10 Raju
10 Raju

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

11. Structure in Structure:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct person
{
int pid;
char pname[20];
}person;

typedef struct student

{
person p; //structure in structure
char sec;
int marks;
}std;

typedef struct employee

{
person p;
char job[20];
double sal;
}emp;

main()
{
std s1={123,"Sai",'A',456};
emp e1={1234,"Ravi","Clerk",5000};

printf("%d\t%s\t%c\t%d\n",s1.p.pid,s1.p.pname,s1.sec,s1.marks);
printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%Lf",e1.p.pid,e1.p.pname,e1.job,e1.sal);
}

Output:
123 Sai A 456
1234 Ravi Clerk 5000.000000

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 11

12. Program to demonstrate union:

#include<stdio.h>
union aaa
{
int x;
double y;
};
main()
{
union aaa a1;

a1.x = 20;
printf("%d\n",a1.x); //20

a1.y = 30.5;
printf("%Lf",a1.y); //30.5
}

Output:
20
30.500000

13. Program to demonstrate union members share same memory

location:

union aaa
{
int x;
int y;
};
main()
{
union aaa a1;

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 12

a1.x = 20;
printf("%d\n",a1.y); //20

a1.y = 30;
printf("%d",a1.x); //30
}

Output:
20
30

14. Program to demonstrate enumeration:

#include<stdio.h>
enum colors
{
RED=10, BLUE=20,GREEN=30
};
typedef enum colors colors;
main()
{
colors c1,c2,c3;

c1=RED;
c2=BLUE;
c3=GREEN;

printf("%d\t%d\t%d",c1,c2,c3);
}

Output:
10 20 30

User-Defined Data Types V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-9

Files

1. Program to write text into file:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

fp=fopen("demo.txt","w");

printf("Enter text [press f6 or ctrl+z]:\n");

while((ch=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(ch,fp);
}

fclose(fp);

printf("Text saved in file");

Output:
Enter text [press f6 or ctrl+z]:
Hello Everyone,
Have a nice day
^Z
Text saved in file

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

2. Program to append text to File:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

fp=fopen("demo.txt","a");

printf("Enter text [press f6 or ctrl+z]:\n");

while((ch=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(ch,fp);
}

fclose(fp);

printf("Text saved in file");

Output:
Enter text [press f6 or ctrl+z]:
Hello..
This text will be appended
to existed data
^Z
Text saved in file

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

3. Program to read the text from file:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

fp=fopen("demo.txt","r");

while((ch=getc(fp))!=EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Output:
Hello Everyone,
Have a nice day
Hello..
This text will be appended
to existed data

4. Program to copy the contents from one file to another:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
char ch;

fp1=fopen("demo.txt","r");
fp2=fopen("aaa.txt","w");

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

while((ch=getc(fp1))!=EOF)
putc(ch,fp2);

printf("Contents copied into file");

fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
}

Output:
Contents copied into file

5. Program to demonstrate fprintf():

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
int rno;
char name[20];

fp=fopen("student.txt","a");

printf("Enter rno,name:");
scanf("%d%s",&rno,name);

fprintf(fp,"%d\t%s\n",rno,name);

printf("Record saved in file");

fclose(fp);
}

Output:
Enter rno,name:15 Ravi
Record saved in file

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

6. Program to demonstrate fscanf():

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
int rno;
char name[20];

fp=fopen("student.txt","r");

fscanf(fp,"%d%s",&rno,name);

printf("%d\t%s",rno,name);

fclose(fp);
}

Output:
15 Ravi

7. Program to demonstrate writing structure into file and reading

structure from file:
#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
}std;
main()
{
std s,s1;
FILE *fp;
char ch;

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

fp=fopen("student1.xls","a+"); //append/read

do
{
printf("Enter rno,name:");
scanf("%d%s",&s.rno,s.name);
fprintf(fp,"%d\t%s\n",s.rno,s.name);
printf("Record saved in file");
fflush(stdin);
printf("\nDo you want to add one more record?[y/Y]:");
scanf("%c",&ch);
}while(ch=='y' || ch=='Y');

rewind(fp);

while((fscanf(fp,"%d%s",&s1.rno,s1.name))!=EOF)
{
printf("%d\t%s\n",s1.rno,s1.name);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Output:
Do you want to add one more record?[y/Y]:y
Enter rno,name:2 kiran
Record saved in file
Do you want to add one more record?[y/Y]:y
Enter rno,name:3 ramu
Record saved in file
Do you want to add one more record?[y/Y]:n
1 raju
2 kiran
3 ramu

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

8. Program to demonstrate writing data into binary file & reading

data from binary file:

#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
}std;
main()
{
std s,s1;
FILE *fp;
char ch;

fp = fopen("std.bin","a+b");
do
{
printf("Enter rno,name:");
scanf("%d%s",&s.rno,s.name);
fwrite(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp);
printf("Record Saved in File\n");
fflush(stdin);
printf("do u want to add one more rec?[y/Y]:");
scanf("%c",&ch);
}while(ch=='y' || ch=='Y');

rewind(fp);

while(fread(&s1,sizeof(s1),1,fp))
{
printf("%d\t%s\n",s1.rno,s1.name);
}

fclose(fp);
}

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

Output:
Enter rno,name:1 raju
Record Saved in File
do u want to add one more rec?[y/Y]:y
Enter rno,name:2 sai
Record Saved in File
do u want to add one more rec?[y/Y]:y
Enter rno,name:3 vijay
Record Saved in File
do u want to add one more rec?[y/Y]:n
1 raju
2 sai
3 vijay

9. Random Accessing [ fseek() and ftell() ]:

//Note: “hello.txt” file has following data:

computer

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

fp=fopen("hello.txt","r");

printf("%d\n",ftell(fp));
ch=getc(fp);
printf("%c\n",ch);
printf("%d\n",ftell(fp));

fseek(fp,2,SEEK_CUR);
ch=getc(fp);

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

printf("%c\n",ch);
printf("%d\n",ftell(fp));

fseek(fp,-2,SEEK_CUR);
ch=getc(fp);
printf("%c\n",ch);

fseek(fp,-2,SEEK_END);
ch=getc(fp);
printf("%c\n",ch);

fseek(fp,3,SEEK_SET);
ch=getc(fp);
printf("%c\n",ch);
}

Output:
0
c
1
p
4
m
e
p

10. Program to rename a file:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[10],y[10];

printf("Enter old name, new name:");

scanf("%s%s",x,y);

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

rename(x,y);

printf("File renamed");
}

Output:
Enter old name, new name:demo.txt
aaa.txt
File renamed

11. Program to remove a file:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char x[20];

printf("Enter the file name to be deleted:");

scanf("%s",x);

remove(x);

printf("File removed");

Output:
Enter the file name to be deleted:aaa.txt
File removed

Files V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 1

Chapter-10

Graphics

1. Program to print maximum value and minimum value in x and y

Axis:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

printf("x-axis max value=%d\n",getmaxx());

printf("y-axis max value=%d\n",getmaxy());

getch();
}

Output:
x-axis max value=639
y-axis max value=479

2. Program to draw a line:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 2

gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(MAGENTA);
setcolor(RED);

line(100,120,220,200);

setcolor(BLUE);

line(300,320,420,400);

getch();
}

Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 3

3. Program to draw a circle with radius 50 at coordinate (100,100):

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;

gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(MAGENTA);
setcolor(WHITE);

circle(100,100,50);

getch();
}

Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 4

4. Program to fill color in circle:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(MAGENTA);
setcolor(WHITE);

circle(100,100,50);

getch();
}

Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 5

5. Program to draw a rectangle:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(GREEN);
setcolor(RED);

rectangle(100,100,300,200);

getch();
}

Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 6

6. Program to fill color in rectangle:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(LIGHTGREEN);
setcolor(RED);

rectangle(100,100,300,200);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILLm,BLUE);
floodfill(120,120,RED);
getch();
}
Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 7

7. Program to draw an ellipse:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(RED);
setcolor(WHITE);

ellipse(200,200,0,360,100,50);

setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,BLUE);
floodfill(200,200,WHITE);
getch();
}
Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 8

8. Program to draw a pie slice:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(RED);
setcolor(WHITE);

pieslice(200,200,0,90,100);
pieslice(200,200,180,270,100);
getch();
}
Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

Classroom Programs Naresh IT 9

9. Program to draw an arc:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(RED);

setcolor(WHITE);

arc(200,200,0,180,100);

getch();
}
Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 10

10. Program to a polygon with 6 coordinates:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
int x[] = {100,100,300,50,200,150,180,30,320,100,100,100};
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(RED);
setcolor(WHITE);

drawpoly(6,x);

getch();
}

Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 11

11. Program to print pixels at random coordinates with random colors:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm
long int i;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(WHITE);

for(i=1;i<=50000;i++)
putpixel(random(getmaxx()),random(getmaxy()),random(16));

getch();
}

Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya

 Classroom Programs Naresh IT 12

12. Program to draw text and apply font style:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

setbkcolor(RED);

settextstyle(1,1,5);
outtextxy(30,30,"hello");

settextstyle(4,0,9);
outtextxy(100,100,"All the Best");
getch();
}
Output:

Graphics V.Shiwa Chaithanya