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Referencing Part One

English Research

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Ivyson Indoda Yomzuluu
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8 views18 pages

Referencing Part One

English Research

Uploaded by

Ivyson Indoda Yomzuluu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REFERENCING

ECS 1541/1141
Unit objectives
• Know when is referencing required
• Establish why do we reference
• Know referencing conventions
• Understand what plagiarism is and how it can be avoided
• Familiarise yourself with different referencing techniques
REFERENCING
A reference is required if you:

 quote (use someone else’s exact words)


 copy (use figures, tables or structure)
 paraphrase (convert someone else’s ideas into your own words)
 summarise (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas).

Why do you reference?


References enhance your writing and assist your reader by:

 showing the breadth of your research.


 strengthening your academic argument.
 showing the reader the source of your information.
 allowing the reader to consult your sources independently.
 allowing the reader to verify your data.
References
References must be provided whenever you use someone else’s
opinions, data, theories or material.

You need to reference information from books, articles, videos,


computers, other print or electronic sources, and personal
communications.

Plagiarism
What is plagiarism and how can you avoid it?
 Plagiarism is the intentional use of someone else’s ideas, words or concepts in your
assignment work.
 It is considered as a serious misconduct at University and should be avoided at all
times.
 Committing plagiarism can carry very serious penalties for students, including
expulsion from a university.
How do you avoid plagiarism?
BY ACKNOWLEDGING YOUR SOURCES AND COMPILING A REFERENCE
LIST

Which referencing system should you use?


There are a number of different referencing systems used in academic
writing, namely:

author-date systems commonly known as Harvard and APA (American


Psychological Association)

Footnoting or end-noting systems commonly used in History and Law. It


is important that you use the referencing system required by your lecturer for
an assignment and maintain consistency in using that system.
Harvard Referencing
• Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university
students, to cite information sources.
• Two types of citations are included:
• In-text citations are used when directly quoting or
paraphrasing a source. They are located in the body of the
work and contain a fragment of the full citation.
• Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and
display full citations for sources used in the assignment.
BOOKS:

Each citation in a reference list includes various pieces of information including


the:

• Name of the author(s)


• Year published
• Title
• City published
• Publisher

A book with a single author


Surname, Initials. Book title. City of publication:
publisher’s name.

Anderson, N.C. 2001. Brave new brain: conquering mental illness in


the era of genome. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kaye, G. 1987. Comfort Herself. London: Heinemann.
Mandela, N. 1994. No easy walk to Freedom. New York: Heinemann.
A book with two or three authors
• When creating a citation that has more than one author, place the names in the
order in which they appear on the source. Use an ampersand (&) to separate the
names.

Davies, M. & Cooper, l. 2016. Innovations in Cancer Research. London: Routledge.


Lee, K.R. & Oxford, R.L. 2008. Understanding reading strategies. New York:
Pearson Publishers
Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell, J. & Frydenberg, M. 2014.
Discovering computers. Boston: Cengage Learning.
An edited book
When creating a citation of an edited book that has more than one author, place the
names in the order in which they appear on the source. Use an ampersand (&) to
separate the names. Write (ed/s). YY. Book title. City of Publication. Name of Publisher.

For example:
Hennessy, R. & Ingraham,C. (eds). 1997. Materialistic Feminism: A Reader
in Class, Difference and Women's Lives. New York: Routledge.
Second edition of a book
Lofland, J. & Lofland, L. 1984. Analysing Social Settings. 2nd ed.
Belmont: Wordsworth publishing Co.
When citing a chapter in an edited
book, use the following format:
Last name, First initial. Year published. Chapter title. In: First
initial. Last name, ed., Book Title, 1st ed.* City: Publisher,
Page(s).

Bressler, L. 2010. My girl, Kylie. In: L. Matheson, ed., The Dogs


That We Love, 1st ed. Boston: Jacobson Ltd., pp. 78-92.
Harvard Reference List Citations for Print
Journal Articles
Last name, First initial. Year published. Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue): Page(s).
Examples:

Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. 2015. The impact of cognitive, social and


physical limitations on income in community dwelling adults with
chronic medical and mental disorders. Global Journal of Health
Science, 7(5):183-195.
Ross, N. 2015. On truth content and false consciousness in Adorno’s
aesthetic theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2): 269-290.
Young, U. 2006. “Overeaters victorious”, Nursing Standard, 19 (8): 56 –
72.

Article in a newspaper
Author’ surname, initials. Year. “Title of Article”, Name of newspaper, DD
Month, page.

Madisa K, 2019. “Babes finally lays charge against Mampintsha”, Sowetan, 05


March, 5.
Mothombeni, A. 2019. “SABC senior news staff in hot water”, Sowetan, 05 March,
2.
Munusamy, R, 2019. “You’re scaring investors”, Sunday Times, 03 March, 1.
Citations for Journal Articles Found on a
Database or on a Website
When citing journal articles found on a database or through a website, include all of
the components found in a citation of a print journal, but also include the medium
([online]), the website URL, and the date that the article was accessed.
Structure: Surname, Initials. Year published. Article Title. Journal,[online]
Volume(Issue), pages. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Example:
Raina, S. 2015. Establishing correlation between genetics and nonresponse.
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, [online] Volume 61(2), p. 148. Available at:
http://www.proquest.com/products-services/ProQuest-Research-Library.html
[Accessed 8 Apr. 2015].

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