BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)

Môn học: Grammar

Chương 2: Pronouns & Quantity

Chủ đề 2.2: Quantity

Phần 1:

Slide Nội dung

Hi everyone, welcome to the lesson today. Today, we will learn about quantity in
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English.

After this lesson, you are able to identify different types of quantifiers and apply
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them in the right contexts.

Some main features of quantity we will learn today are:

❑ Quantifiers + countable and uncountable nouns.
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❑ General and specific references to quantity.
❑ Uses of ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘no’ and ‘none’.
First, I would like to show you quantifiers go with countable and uncountable nouns.
Quantifiers are words like few, little, plenty of.
4 They show how many things or how much of something we are talking about.
Some quantifiers combine with countable nouns; some with uncountable and some
with both kinds.
Quantifiers combine with plural countable are:
Both
Few
5 Fewer
The fewest
a/the majority of
(not) many
 A minority of
A number of / several
Ex:
I have many friends but I don’t have many close ones.
Quantifiers combine with uncountable are:
A (small) amount of
A bit of
A great deal of
A good deal of
6 (a) Little
Less
The least
(not) much
Ex:
We needn’t hurry because we have a great deal of time.
quantifiers combine with plural countable and uncountable
Some (of the)
Any (of the)
Enough
A lot of/lots of
Hardly any
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More/most (of the)
Plenty of
No, none of the
Ex:
- I have many/ a lot of friends but I don’t have many/ lots of close ones.
- We needn’t hurry because we have a great deal of/plenty of time.
8 Quantifiers combine with singular countable are:
 All (of) the
Any/some (of the)
Each
Either
Every
Most of the
Neither
No, none of the
Ex:
Almost every visitor was surprised at the scenery.
Quantifiers that tell us roughly how much and how many
If we say: I bought five magazines to read on the train. We are saying exactly how
many.
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If we say: I bought some magazines to read on the train. We aren’t saying how many
If we say: I bought a few magazines to read on the train. We are giving ‘a rough idea’.
Some quantity words like a few, a little give us ‘a rough idea’ .
Now, continuing with ‘of’ after quantifiers (‘a lot of’, ‘some of’, etc.)
We always use of with these quantifiers when we put them in front of a noun or
pronoun, and the reference is general:
a bit of, a couple of, a lot of, lots of, the majority of, a number of, plenty of
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Ex: A lot of students take an exam at the end of the year. (= a lot of students in
general)
Some, any, much, many can be used without of in general references.
Ex: Some countries have their own rules. (= Some countries in general)
We can use the or my after of, when the reference is specific.
Ex: A lot of the people I know don’t eat chocolate. (= the ones I know)
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Some of the people I know don’t eat meat (= the ones I know)
NOTE: None of is always specific.
 None of my friends is here. I want none of it. (Don’t use the.)
If we use a quantifier on its own (not in front of a noun or pronoun) we do not use
‘of’.
Ex:
- Did you buy tomatoes?
- Yes, I bought a lot/lots/plenty. (Not “a lot of”)
We can emphasize quantity with “more” or “less” after quantifiers:
- more + plural nouns after some/any, a couple, hundreds, a few, hardly any, a lot,
lots, many, no, plenty, several.
Ex: There are a lot of more students studying Spanish this year.
12 - more + uncountable nouns after some/any, a bit, a good deal, hardly any, a little, a
lot, lots, much, no, plenty.
Ex: There’s a little more soup if you’d like it.
- less + uncountable nouns after any, a bit, a good deal, a little, a lot, lots, much.
Ex: I’d like a little less soup, please.
Now, we move to the part of ‘some/any’ or zero in relation to quantity.
Both some and any are used to indicate an unspecified quantity when it is not
possible or necessary to specify an exact quantity.
Countable nouns
13 - The plural of a/an is normally any or some when we are referring to quantity.
Ex: Here’s a present for the children. -> Here are some presents for the children.
- Sometimes we don’t use any and some, even if we are referring to quantity.
The meaning is exactly the same, though we generally prefer to use any and some:
Ex: Here are some presents for the children. -> Here are presents for the children.
In the same way, we sometimes don’t use any and some when referring to quantity:
Ex: Is there any milk in the fridge? is the same as: Is there milk in the fridge?
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We always use zero in general statements.
Ex: Beans are good for you.
 Life is short.
Next, here are four basic uses of ‘some’ and ‘any’.
A. “Some”

Sentence Example

He is busy. He's got

Affirmatives
some work to do.

Questions with
15 Did you buy some
expectation of ‘Yes’
oranges?
answer.

Would you like some

Requests
more coffee?

Some people believe

Certain
anything.

B. “Any”

Sentence Example

There aren't any chairs in the

Negatives
16 room.

Have you got any butter?

Uncertain questions
Sorry, I haven't got any butter.
 Used in affirmative clauses, before 1. I'm free all day. Come and
singular nouns (countable or see me anytime you like.
uncountable) or after negative words: 2. He's lazy. He never does
never, hardly, scarcely, without... any work.

Sentence with “at all” I haven’t any idea at all.

If you need any more money.

Conditional sentence
Please let me know.

Some and any also have special uses:

17 Ex: I haven’t seen John for some years. (= I haven’t seen John for several years.)
Ex: Any fool knows the answer to a question like that. (= It doesn’t matter who.)
Alright, let’s continue with some exercises on some and any:
1. She went out without … money.
A. any B. some C. - D. the
2. Would you like … to drink?
18 I’m not thirsty. I don’t want … to drink.
A. anything - anything B. something - something
C. anything - something D. something - anything
3. If there are … words you don’t understand, use a dictionary.
A. some B. any C. - D. any or some
The last point of the lesson today is Not.. any’, ‘no’ and ‘none’.
1. We can use no instead of not any. We use an affirmative verb with no.
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Ex: There isn’t any milk -> There’s no milk.
I haven’t got any time -> I have got no time.
 2. We can also use no in place of not a/an.
Ex: I’m not an expert -> I’m no expert.
3. None is used as a pronoun.
Ex: We have no bananas. We have none.
That is the end of the lesson today. After this lesson, I believe that you can acquire
some useful knowledge on general and specific references to quantity as well as
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uses of ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘no’ and ‘none’.
Goodbye and see you next time.