Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828

www.elsevier.com/locate/amc

Common fixed point theorems in L-fuzzy metric spaces

H. Adibi a, Y.J. Cho b, D. O‘Regan c, R. Saadati a,d,e,*

a
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15914, Iran
b
Department of Mathematics Education and the RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, South Korea
c
Department of Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
d
Institute for Studies in Applied Mathematics, 1, 4th Fajr, Amol 46176-54553, Iran
e
Islamic Azad University-Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran

Abstract

In this paper, at first we prove a common fixed point theorem in L-fuzzy metric space. Secondly, to introduce the con-
cept of compatible mappings of type (P) in L-fuzzy metric space, which is equivalent to the concept of compatible and
compatible mappings of type (A) under some appropriate conditions. In the sequel, we derive some relations between these
mappings. Then, we prove a coincidence point theorem and a fixed point theorem for compatible mappings of type (P) in
L-fuzzy metric space, for four mappings.
 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: L-Fuzzy contractive mapping; Complete L-fuzzy metric space; Fixed point theorem

1. Introduction and preliminaries

The notion of fuzzy sets was introduced by Zadeh [18]. Various concepts of fuzzy metric spaces were
considered in [6,7,12,13]. Many authors have studied fixed theory in fuzzy metric spaces. The most interesting
references are [2,3,10,11,15,16].
In the sequel, we shall adopt usual terminology, notation and conventions of L-fuzzy metric spaces intro-
duced by Saadati et al. [17].
Definition 1.1 [10]. Let L ¼ ðL; 6L Þ be a complete lattice, and U a non-empty set called universe. An L-fuzzy
set A on U is defined as a mapping A : U ! L. For each u in U, AðuÞ represents the degree (in L) to which u
satisfies A.
Lemma 1.2 [5]. Consider the set L* and operation 6L defined by:
2
L ¼ fðx1 ; x2 Þ : ðx1 ; x2 Þ 2 ½0; 1 and x1 þ x2 6 1g;
ðx1 ; x2 Þ6L ðy 1 ; y 2 Þ () x1 6 y 1 and x2 P y2, for every (x1, x2), (y1, y2) 2 L*. Then ðL ; 6L Þ is a complete lattice.

*
Corresponding author. Address: Institute for Studies in Applied Mathematics, 1, 4th Fajr, Amol 46176-54553, Iran.
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Adibi), [email protected] (Y.J. Cho), [email protected] (D. O‘Regan),
[email protected] (R. Saadati).

0096-3003/$ - see front matter  2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.amc.2006.04.045
 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828 821

Definition 1.3 [1]. An intuitionistic fuzzy set Af;g on a universe U is an object Af;g ¼ fðfA ðuÞ;
gA ðuÞÞ : u 2 U g, where, for all u 2 U, fA ðuÞ 2 ½0; 1 and gA ðuÞ 2 ½0; 1 are called the membership degree and
the non-membership degree, respectively, of u in Af;g , and furthermore satisfy fA ðuÞ þ gA ðuÞ 6 1.
Classically, a triangular norm T on ([0, 1], 6) is defined as an increasing, commutative, associative mapping
T : [0, 1]2 ! [0, 1] satisfying T(1, x) = x, for all x 2 [0, 1]. These definitions can be straightforwardly extended to
any lattice L ¼ ðL; 6L Þ. Define first 0L ¼ inf L and 1L ¼ sup L.
Definition 1.4. A triangular norm (t-norm) on L is a mapping T : L2 ! L satisfying the following conditions:

(i) ð8x 2 LÞðTðx; 1L Þ ¼ xÞ; (boundary condition),

(ii) ð8ðx; yÞ 2 L2 ÞðTðx; yÞ ¼ Tðy; xÞÞ; (commutativity),
(iii) ð8ðx; y; zÞ 2 L3 ÞðTðx; Tðy; zÞÞ ¼ TðTðx; yÞ; zÞÞ; (associativity),
0 0 0
(iv) ("(x,x ,y,y ) 2 L4)(x 6 Lx and y6L y 0 ) Tðx; yÞ6L Tðx0 ; y 0 ÞÞ (monotonicity).

A t-norm T on L is said to be continuous if for any x; y 2 L and any sequences {xn} and {yn} which con-
verge to x and y we have

lim Tðxn ; y n Þ ¼ Tðx; yÞ:

n

For example, Tðx; yÞ ¼ minðx; yÞ and Tðx; yÞ ¼ xy are two continuous t-norms on [0, 1].
A t-norm can also be defined recursively as an (n + 1)-ary operation (n 2 Nn{0}) by T1 ¼ T and

Tn ðx1 ; . . . ; xnþ1 Þ ¼ TðTn1 ðx1 ; . . . ; xn Þ; xnþ1 Þ

for n P 2 and xi 2 L.
Definition 1.5 [4]. A t-norm T on L* is called t-representable if and only if there exist a t-norm T and a
t-conorm S on [0, 1] such that, for all x = (x1, x2), y = (y1, y2) 2 L*,

Tðx; yÞ ¼ ðT ðx1 ; y 1 Þ; Sðx2 ; y 2 ÞÞ:

Definition 1.6. A negation on L is any decreasing mapping N : L ! L satisfying Nð0L Þ ¼

1L and Nð1L Þ ¼ 0L . If NðNðxÞÞ ¼ x, for all x 2 L, then N is called an involutive negation.
The negation Ns on ([0, 1], 6) defined as, for all x 2 [0, 1], Ns(x) = 1  x, is called the standard negation on
([0, 1], 6).
Definition 1.7. The 3-tuple ðX ; M; TÞ is said to be an L-fuzzy metric space if X is an arbitrary (non-empty)
set, T is a continuous t-norm on L and M is an L-fuzzy set on X2·]0, +1[ satisfying the following
conditions for every x, y, z in X and t, s in ]0, +1[:

(a) Mðx; y; tÞ >L 0L ;

(b) Mðx; y; tÞ ¼ 1L for all t > 0 if and only if x = y;
(c) Mðx; y; tÞ ¼ Mðy; x; tÞ;
(d) TðMðx; y; tÞ; Mðy; z; sÞÞ6L Mðx; z; t þ sÞ;
(e) Mðx; y; Þ :0; 1½! L is continuous.

In this case M is called an L-fuzzy metric. If M ¼ MM;N is an intuitionistic fuzzy set (see Definition 1.3)
then the 3-tuple ðX ; MM;N ; TÞ is said to be an intuitionistic fuzzy metric space.
Let ðX ; M; TÞ be an L-fuzzy metric space. For t 2 ]0, +1[, we define the open ball B(x, r, t) with center
x 2 X and radius r 2 L n f0L ; 1L g, as
Bðx; r; tÞ ¼ fy 2 X : Mðx; y; tÞ >L NðrÞg:
822 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828

A subset A  X is called open if for each x 2 A, there exist t > 0 and r 2 L n f0L ; 1L g such that B(x, r, t)  A. Let
sM denote the family of all open subsets of X. Then sM is called the topology induced by the L-fuzzy metric M.
Example 1.8. Let (X, d) be a metric space. Denote Tða; bÞ ¼ ða1 b1 ; minða2 þ b2 ; 1ÞÞ for all a = (a1, a2) and
b = (b1, b2) in L* and let M and N be fuzzy sets on X2 · (0, 1) defined as follows:
 
htn mdðx; yÞ
MM;N ðx; y; tÞ ¼ ðMðx; y; tÞ; N ðx; y; tÞÞ ¼ ;
ht þ mdðx; yÞ htn þ mdðx; yÞ
n

for all t, h, m, n 2 R+. Then ðX ; MM;N ; TÞ is an intuitionistic fuzzy metric space.

Example 1.9. Let X = N. Define Tða; bÞ ¼ ðmaxð0; a1 þ b1  1Þ; a2 þ b2  a2 b2 Þ for all a = (a1, a2) and
b = (b1, b2) in L* and let M and N be fuzzy sets on X2 · (0, 1) defined as follows:
8 
< x ; yx if x 6 y;
MM;N ðx; y; tÞ ¼ ðMðx; y; tÞ; N ðx; y; tÞÞ ¼  y y 
: y ; xy if y 6 x:
x x

for all x,y 2 X and t > 0. Then ðX ; MM;N ; TÞ is an intuitionistic fuzzy metric space.

Lemma 1.10 [9]. Let ðX ; M; TÞ be an L-fuzzy metric space. Then, Mðx; y; tÞ is nondecreasing with respect to t,
for all x, y in X.

Definition 1.11. A sequence {xn}n2N in an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ is called a Cauchy sequence, if for
each e 2 L n f0L g and t > 0, there exists n0 2 N such that for all m P n P n0 (n P m P n0),

Mðxm ; xn ; tÞ >L NðeÞ:

The sequence {xn}n2N is said to be convergent to x 2 X in the L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ (denoted by
M
xn ! x) if Mðxn ; x; tÞ ¼ Mðx; xn ; tÞ ! 1L whenever n ! +1 for every t > 0. A L-fuzzy metric space is said
to be complete if and only if every Cauchy sequence is convergent.
Henceforth, we assume that T is a continuous t-norm on lattice L such that for every l 2 L n f0L ; 1L g,
there is a k 2 L n f0L ; 1L g such that

Tn1 ðNðkÞ; . . . ; NðkÞÞ >L NðlÞ:

For more information see [17].

Lemma 1.12. Let ðX ; M; TÞ be an L-fuzzy metric space. If we define Ek;M : X 2 ! Rþ [ f0g by
Ek;M ðx; yÞ ¼ infft > 0 : Mðx; y; tÞ >L NðkÞg

for each k 2 L n f0L ; 1L g and x,y 2 X. Then we have

(i) For any l 2 L n f0L ; 1L g there exists k 2 L n f0L ; 1L g such that

El;M ðx1 ; xn Þ 6 Ek;M ðx1 ; x2 Þ þ Ek;M ðx2 ; x3 Þ þ    þ Ek;M ðxn1 ; xn Þ
for any x1, . . . , xn 2 X.
(ii) The sequence {xn}n2N is convergent w.r.t. L-fuzzy metric M if and only if Ek;M ðxn ; xÞ ! 0. Also the
sequence {xn}n2N is Cauchy w.r.t. L-fuzzy metric M if and only if it is Cauchy with Ek;M .

Proof. (i), for every l 2 L n f0L ; 1L g we can find a k 2 L n f0L ; 1L g such that

Tn1 ðNðkÞ; . . . ; NðkÞÞ PL NðlÞ:

 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828 823

By Definition (d) we have

Mðx; xn ; Ek;M ðx1 ; x2 Þ þ    þ Ek;M ðxn1 ; xn Þ þ ndÞ
P Tn1 ðMðx1 ; x2 ; Ek;M ðx1 ; x2 Þ þ dÞ; Mðxn1 ; xn ; Ek;M ðxn1 ; xn Þ þ dÞÞ
P Tn1 ðNðkÞ; . . . ; NðkÞÞ PL NðlÞ
for every d > 0, which implies that
El;M ðx1 ; xn Þ 6 Ek;M ðx1 ; x2 Þ þ Ek;M ðx2 ; x3 Þ þ    þ Ek;M ðxn1 ; xn Þ þ nd:

Since d > 0 is arbitrary, we have

El;M ðx1 ; xn Þ 6 Ek;M ðx1 ; x2 Þ þ Ek;M ðx2 ; x3 Þ þ    þ Ek;M ðxn1 ; xn Þ:

For (ii), note that since M is continuous in its third place, Ek;M ðx; yÞ is not an element of the set
ft > 0 : Mðx; y; tÞ >L NðkÞg as soon as x 5 y. Hence, we have
Mðxn ; x; gÞ >L NðkÞ () Ek;M ðxn ; xÞ < g
for every g > 0. This completes the proof. h

Definition 1.13. Let ðX ; M; TÞ be an L-fuzzy metric space. M is said to be continuous on X · X · ]0, 1[ if

lim Mðxn ; y n ; tn Þ ¼ Mðx; y; tÞ
n!1

whenever a sequence {(xn, yn, tn)} in X · X · ]0, 1[ converges to a point (x, y, t) 2 X · X · ]0, 1[ i.e.,
limn Mðxn ; x; tÞ ¼ limn Mðy n ; y; tÞ ¼ 1L and limn Mðx; y; tn Þ ¼ Mðx; y; tÞ.

Lemma 1.14. Let ðX ; M; TÞ be an L-fuzzy metric space. Then M is continuous function on X · X · ]0, 1[.

Proof. The proof is same as fuzzy metric spaces (see Proposition 1 of [14]). h

Definition 1.15 [8]. We say that L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ has the property (C), if it satisfies the follow-
ing condition:
Mðx; y; tÞ ¼ C; for all t > 0 implies C ¼ 1L :

2. The main results

Theorem 2.1. Let {An} be a sequence of mappings Ai of a complete L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ which has
the property (C), into itself such that, for any two mappings Ai, Aj,
MðAmi ðxÞ; Amj ðyÞ; ai;j tÞ PL Mðx; y; tÞ

for some m; here 0 < ai,j < k < 1 for i, j = 1, 2, . . . , x, y 2 X and t > 0. Then the sequence {An} has a unique com-
mon fixed point in X.

Proof. Let x0 be an arbitrary point in X and define a sequence {xn} in X by x1 ¼ Am1 ðx0 Þ; x2 ¼ Am2 ðx1 Þ; . . .. Then
we have
Mðx1 ; x2 ; tÞ ¼ MðAm1 ðx0 Þ; Am2 ðx1 Þ; tÞ PL Mðx0 ; x1 ; t=a1;2 Þ;
Mðx2 ; x3 ; tÞ ¼ MðAm2 ðx1 Þ; Am3 ðx2 Þ; tÞ PL Mðx1 ; x2 ; t=a2;3 Þ PL Mðx0 ; x1 ; t=a1;2 a2;3 Þ
and so on. By induction, we have
, !
Yn
Mðxn ; xnþ1 ; tÞ PL M x0 ; x1 ; t ai;iþ1 ; n ¼ 1; 2; . . . ;
i¼1
824 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828

which implies
( , ! )
Yn
Ek;M ðxn ; xnþ1 Þ ¼ infft > 0 : Mðxn ; xnþ1 ; tÞ >L NðkÞg 6 inf t > 0 : M x0 ; x1 ; t ai;iþ1 >L NðkÞ
i¼1
Y
n Y
n
¼ ai;iþ1 infft > 0 : Mðx0 ; x1 ; tÞ >L NðkÞg ¼ ai;iþ1 Ek;M ðx0 ; x1 Þ 6 k n Ek;M ðx0 ; x1 Þ
i¼1 i¼1

for every k 2 L n f0L ; 1L g. Now, we show that {xn} is a Cauchy sequence. For every l 2 L n f0L ; 1L g, there
exists c 2 L n f0L ; 1L g such that
X
m1
El;M ðxn ; xm Þ 6 Ec;M ðxm1 ; xm Þ þ Ec;M ðxm2 ; xm1 Þ þ    þ Ec;M ðxn ; xnþ1 Þ 6 Ec;M ðx0 ; x1 Þ kj ! 0
j¼n

as m, n ! 1. Since X is complete, there is x 2 X such that limn!1xn = x. Now we prove that x is a periodic
point of Ai for any i = 1, 2, . . .. Notice,

Mðx; Ami ðxÞ; tÞ PL TðMðx; xn ; t  ktÞ; Mðxn ; Ami ðxÞ; ktÞÞ

¼ TðMðx; xn ; tð1  kÞÞ; MðAmn ðxn1 Þ; Ami ðxÞ; ktÞÞ
PL TðMðx; xn ; tð1  kÞÞ; MðAmn ðxn1 Þ; Ami ðxÞ; an;i tÞÞ
PL TðMðx; xn ; tð1  kÞÞ; Mðxn1 ; x; tÞÞ ! Tð1L ; 1L Þ ¼ 1L

as n ! 1. Thus Mðx; Ami ðxÞ; tÞ ¼ 1L and we get Ami ðxÞ ¼ x. To show uniqueness, assume that y 5 x is another
periodic point of Ai. Then we have
Mðx; y; tÞ ¼ MðAmi ðxÞ; Ami ðyÞ; tÞ PL Mðx; y; t=ai;j Þ PL Mðx; y; t=kÞ
¼ MðAmi ðxÞ; Ami ðyÞ; t=kÞ PL Mðx; y; t=k 2 Þ PL    PL Mðx; y; t=k n Þ:
On the other hand, by Lemma 1.10 we have
Mðx; y; tÞ 6L Mðx; y; t=k n Þ:

Hence, Mðx; y; tÞ ¼ C for all t > 0. Since MM;N has the property (C), it follows that C ¼ 1L , i.e., x = y. Also
Ai ðxÞ ¼ Ai ðAmi ðxÞÞ ¼ Ami ðAi ðxÞÞ;
i.e., Ai(x) is also a periodic point of Ai. Therefore, x = Ai(x), i.e., x is a unique common fixed periodic point of
the mappings An for n = 1, 2, . . .. This completes the proof. h

Definition 2.2. Let S and T be two mapping from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself and {xn} be a
sequence in X such that limn!1Sxn = limn!1Txn = u for some u 2 X. Then the mapping S and T are said to
be

(a) weakly commuting if

MðSTx; TSx; tÞ PL MðSx; Tx; tÞ
for all x in X and t > 0,
(b) compatible if
lim MðSTxn ; TSxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L
n!1

for all t > 0,

(c) compatible of type (A) if
lim MðTSxn ; SSxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L ; lim MðSTxn ; TTxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L
n!1 n!1

for all t > 0,

 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828 825

(d) compatible of type (P) if

lim MðSSxn ; TTxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L

n!1

for all t > 0.

Proposition 2.3. Let S and T be continuous mappings of an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself. If S and
T are compatible, then they are compatible of type (A).

Proof. Suppose that S and T are compatible. Let {xn} be a sequence in X such that limn!1Sxn =
limn!1Txn = u for some u 2 X. By the triangular inequality, we have
MðTSxn ; SSxn ; tÞ PL TðMðTSxn ; STxn ; t=2Þ; MðSTxn ; SSxn ; t=2ÞÞ:

Since S and T are compatible and S is continuous, by Lemma 1.14, we have

lim MðTSxn ; SSxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L :

n!1

Similarly, we have

lim MðTTxn ; STxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L ;

n!1

i.e., S and T are compatible of type (A). This completes the proof. h

Proposition 2.4. Let S; T : ðX ; M; TÞ ! ðX ; M; TÞ be compatible mapping of type (A). If one of S or T is

continuous, then S and T are compatible.

Proof. Let us assume, without loss of generality, that T is continuous. To show that S and T are compatible,
suppose that {xn} be a sequence in X such that limn!1Sxn = limn!1Txn = u for some u 2 X. Then, by the
triangular inequality and Lemma 1.14, we have

lim MðSTxn ; TSxn ; tÞ PL lim TðMðSTxn ; TTxn ; t=2Þ; MðTTxn ; TSxn ; t=2ÞÞ ¼ Tð1L ; MðTu; Tu; t=2ÞÞ ¼ 1L :
n!1 n!1

This completes the proof. h

Proposition 2.5. Let S and T be continuous mappings of an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself. Then, S
and T are compatible if and only if they are compatible of type (P).

Proof. Let {xn} be a sequence in X such that limn!1Sxn = limn!1Txn = u for some u 2 X. Suppose that the
mappings S and T are compatible. By the triangular inequality and Lemma 1.14, we have

lim MðSSxn ; TTxn ; tÞ PL lim T2 ðMðSSxn ; STxn ; t=2Þ; MðSTxn ; TSxn ; t=4Þ; MðTSxn ; TTxn ; t=4ÞÞ ¼ 1L :
n!1 n!1

Conversely, suppose that S and T are compatible of type (P). By the triangular inequality and Lemma 1.14, we
have

lim MðSTxn ; TSxn ; tÞ PL lim T2 ðMðSTxn ; SSxn ; t=2Þ; MðSSxn ; TTxn ; t=4Þ; MðTTxn ; TSxn ; t=4ÞÞ ¼ 1L :
n!1 n!1

This completes the proof. h

Proposition 2.6. Let S and T be compatible mappings of type (A) from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into
itself. If one of S or T is continuous, then S and T are compatible of type (P).
826 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828

Proof. Let {xn} be a sequence in X such that limn!1Sxn = limn!1Txn = u for some u 2 X. Suppose that S
and T are compatible of type (A). Let us assume, without loss of generality, that is S is continuous. By the
triangular inequality and Lemma 1.14, we have
lim MðSSxn ; TTxn ; tÞ PL lim TMðSSxn ; STxn ; t=2Þ; MðSTxn ; TTxn ; t=2Þ ¼ 1L :
n!1 n!1

Hence S and T are compatible mapping of type (P). This completes the proof. h

Proposition 2.7. Let S and T be compatible mapping of type (P) from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into
itself. If Su = Tu for some u 2 X, then STu = SSu = TTu = TSu.

Proof. Suppose that {xn} is a sequence in X defined by xn = u for n = 1, 2, . . . and Su = Tu. Then we have
limn!1Sxn = limn!1Txn = Su. Since S and T are compatible mapping of type (P), we have
MðSSu; TTu; tÞ ¼ lim MðSSxn ; TTxn ; tÞ ¼ 1L :
n!1

Hence we have SSu = TTu. This completes the proof. h

Proposition 2.8. Let S and T be compatible mapping of type (P) from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into
itself. Suppose limnSxn = limnTxn = u for some u 2 X. Then we have the following properties:

(1) limn!1TTxn = Su if S is continuous at u.

(2) limn!1SSxn = Tu if T is continuous at u.
(3) STu = TSu and Su = Tu if S and T are continuous at u.

Proof

(1) Suppose that limn!1Sxn = limn!1Txn = u for some u 2 X. Since S is continuous, we have
limn!1SSxn = Su. By the triangular inequality, we have
MðTTxn ; Su; tÞ PL TMðTTxn ; SSxn ; t=2Þ; MðSSxn ; Su; t=2Þ:
Since S and T are compatible of type (P), by Lemma 1.14, we have limn!1TTxn = Su.
(2) The proof is similar to the proof of (1).
(3) Since T is continuous at u, we have limn!1TTxn = Tu. By (1), we have limn!1TTxn = Su. Hence, by the
uniqueness of the limit, we have Su = Tu and so, by Proposition 2.7, we have STu = TSu. This completes
the proof. h

Let S and T be mapping from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself. An element u 2 X is called a
coincidence point of S and T if Su = Tu.
Let A, B, S and T be mappings from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself satisfying he following
conditions:
AðX Þ [ BðX Þ  SðX Þ \ T ðX Þ; ð2:1Þ
MðAx; By; atÞ PL MðSx; Ty; tÞ ð2:2Þ
for all x,y 2 X and a 2 ]0, 1[.
By (2.1), since A(X)  T(X) for any arbitrary point x0 2 X, there exists a point x1 2 X such that Ax0 = Tx1.
Since B(X)  S(X), for this point x1, we can choose a point x2 2 X such that Bx1 = Sx2 and so on. Inductively,
we can define a sequence {yn} such that
y 2n ¼ Tx2nþ1 ¼ Ax2n ; y 2nþ1 ¼ Sx2nþ2 ¼ Bx2nþ1 ð2:3Þ
for every n 2 N [ {0}.
Lemma 2.9. Let A, B, S and T be mappings from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself satisfying the
conditions (2.1) and (2.2). Then the sequence {yn} defined by (2.3) is a Cauchy sequence in ðX ; M; TÞ.
 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828 827

Proof. For t > 0,

Mðy 2n ; y 2nþ1 ; tÞ ¼ MðAx2n ; Bx2nþ1 ; tÞ PL MðSx2n ; Tx2nþ1 ; t=aÞ ¼ Mðy 2n1 ; y 2n ; t=aÞ;
i.e.,
Mðy n ; y nþ1 ; tÞ PL Mðy n1 ; y n ; t=aÞ PL    PL Mðy 0 ; y 1 ; t=an Þ
or, equivalently,
Ek;M ðy n ; y nþ1 Þ 6 an Ek;M ðy 0 ; y 1 Þ:
For every l 2 L n f0L ; 1L g, there exists c 2 L n f0L ; 1L g such that
X
m1
El;M ðy n ; y m Þ 6 Ec;M ðy m1 ; y m Þ þ Ec;M ðy m2 ; y m1 Þ þ    þ Ec;M ðy n ; y nþ1 Þ 6 Ec;M ðy 0 ; y 1 Þ aj ! 0
j¼n

as m, n ! 1. Thus, by Lemma 1.12(ii), {yn} is a Cauchy sequence. This completes the proof. h

Theorem 2.10. Let A, B, S and T be mappings from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ into itself satisfying the
conditions (2.1) and (2.2) and
ðSðX Þ \ T ðX Þ; M; TÞ is a complete subspace of ðX ; M; TÞ: ð2:4Þ
Then A, S have a coincidence point in X and B, T have a coincidence point in X.

Proof. By Lemma 2.9, the sequence {yn} is a Cauchy sequence in ðSðX Þ \ T ðX Þ; M; TÞ. Since ðSðX Þ\
T ðX Þ; M; TÞ is a complete subspace of ðX ; M; TÞ, it follows that the sequence {yn} converges to a point w
in S(X) \ T(X).
On the other hand, since the subsequences {y2n} and {y2n+1} of {yn} are also Cauchy sequences in
S(X) \ T(X), they are also converge to the same limit w. Hence there exists two points u, v 2 X such that
Su = w and Tv = w, respectively. By (2.2), we have
MðAu; Bx2nþ1 ; tÞ PL MðSu; Tx2nþ1 ; t=aÞ:
Taking n ! 1, we have
MðAu; w; tÞ PL MðSu; w; t=aÞ ¼ Mðw; w; t=aÞ ¼ 1L ;
which means that Au = w = Su. Therefore, u is a coincidence point of A and S. Similarly, we can show that u is
a coincidence point of B and T. This completes the proof. h

Theorem 2.11. Let A, B, S and T be mappings from an L-fuzzy metric space ðX ; M; TÞ which has the property
(C), into itself satisfying the conditions (2.1), (2.2), (2.4) and (2.5) the pair (A, S) and (B, T) are compatible of type
(P), (2.6) the pair (A, S) and (B, T) are continuous at their coincidence points.
Then, A, B, S and T have a unique common fixed point in X.

Proof. By Theorem 2.10, there exists two points u, v in X such that Au = Su = w and Bv = Tv = w. Since A
and S are compatible mappings of type (P), by Proposition 2.7, ASu = SSu = SAu = AAu, which implies that
Aw = Sw. Similarly, since B and T are compatible mappings of type (P), we have Bw = Tw.
Now, we prove that Aw = w. Let {yn} be the sequence defined by (2.3). If Aw 5 w, then, by (2.2), we have

MðAw; Bx2nþ1 ; tÞ PL MðSw; Tx2nþ1 ; t=aÞ:

Letting n ! 1, we have
MðAw; w; tÞ PL MðSw; w; t=aÞ ¼ MðAw; w; t=aÞ:
Therefore, we have
MðAw; w; t=aÞ ¼ lim MðAw; Bx2nþ1 ; t=aÞ PL lim MðSw; Tx2nþ1 ; t=a2 Þ
n!1 n!1
2
¼ MðSw; w; t=a Þ PL    PL MðSw; w; t=an Þ ¼ MðAw; w; t=an Þ:
828 H. Adibi et al. / Applied Mathematics and Computation 182 (2006) 820–828

On the other hand from Lemma 1.10 we have,

MðAw; w; t=aÞ 6L MðAw; w; t=an Þ:
So MðAw; w; t=aÞ ¼ C, for all t > 0. Since MðAw; w; t=aÞ has the property (C), it follows that C ¼ 1L , i.e.
Aw = w and hence Aw = w = Sw. Similarly, we have Bw = Tw = w. Therefore, w is a common fixed point the-
orem of A, B, S and T.
To show the uniqueness of the common fixed point, note if y and z are two common fixed points of A, B, S
and T, then, by (2.2),
Mðy; z; tÞ ¼ MðAy; Bz; tÞ PL MðSy; Tz; t=aÞ ¼ Mðy; z; t=aÞ PL    PL Mðy; z; t=an Þ:
On the other hand,
Mðz; y; tÞ 6L Mðz; y; t=aÞ 6L    6L Mðz; y; t=an Þ:
Therefore
Mðz; y; tÞ ¼ Mðz; y; t=aÞ ¼    ¼ Mðz; y; t=an Þ:
So Mðx; y; tÞ ¼ C, for all t > 0. Since Mðx; y; tÞ has the property (C), it follows that C ¼ 1L , i.e. y = z. h

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