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Qui’ 3
Combat maitio cone hoogi co Circutts
asf a win
=[te ora wm! woof Oudpce
rob sett _ctecut (lavta ble)
Fdovea\ss
« Combination af Iwogie Gates
a Output l(S) 4% cependtny on the present rapt,
Ta mmemony use ds tet)
a hoomples + Addo, Sublractors. partiplenes, Demat
Eytode’s, Decoders, Meagattucle camporat0vG Code Conver ty
ele Ay
Unte ch
Seq gest boogie Cereutts
)
¥# Combinatton of logic qs with menor ee oa °
puts J
> gnithe preer
% Oulpst fs vot only dependivy 4
but. alse “iy dy on past Previous [stred)
4 Kaxample t- ee Flip flops (Rs, 0, TKYT )
sheft sregts ters # + ($850) PT Po, SK PO) PT58)
Counteys + Gynchonrus g Asagnchyo wos |
a tev), Up=
Cup —eouater) oun — counter, UP Roww counters ---) |_ Compare. Geontias! cHe gare (Xs) ems key
DNesk wand aaplenent combi vationall Jogi cRakt
|| for acldting > bits upeorthou cowry fe Dante 4 te
| caselt) Aditiow of we bt
Steps Find the nol; capubs goutpud MavSables
nosey tapubs 202 (2. bets A and 8)
Ls vorthoat ° teveryein .
Hi ne ukpat et oF (sum and cons)
| S202 wetck puts and ovkpas leg Truth, “tab hy
{ —apat= \ Outputs |
\ U
joe Form (write) Seperate equation for um and
cary from the -bructhtalle
sures y= ott lo = (AG + AB,
Yem yee
yo Emir)
easing AB
for sum and cavry (for. farther
‘sth prgeat™
aacpar Aeply KMae
1) R-Map for “Sum” = prEm C12)
pge ere 2k!
gize 22 wil Boxe) ce
ue os toe
—— t step 5
E) nplemerbation using, X-OR qate sand ee
gum= Y= AB* AB = aos
a
Aem :
i
NAD = Ae+eg = fa -8 =
o
a
cats =O Bz HE
if
OB, Be
>
al
; Sum HByae - 'AB- 08 Amd)-( 58) = (aa)
-CmB) + C0)
|) Ce()-- Additfon gp a bits wfth toty fy
Step 4s Find the v0 op Sopuds G adpit Uavibble
vooy inputs + 3 (obits 1 M18, c,)
mod Outputs s 2 (sum & cay)
ge
See dum= psec Sy ant
4 © five he eee
eg * -f 1 Z
AND * for
a , Pp i Oss Conny Sy aeteltites
0 )
{ 8 Ys Hee +ABC tABz+AGC
oO
o ai) 2
mo a
4 1 0 ib
lana = p24 ’ 1 4
Steps — Romer for uw
ne ak D F Ta
t uM y4= ABC + ABE + ABE +AKC [e thal’ ed equ for sum)
wed rap fos coany
Age Be \Be \ ec |ve
rok 4 3
- a >paik atyy ys OCHA AB,
Ao & C “4 ‘
ou! (|__ af" aa ,
A t AYE Yoo
ql BNA G
ory Design & Implementation o( Halt subtracts 7 y
(abits ecthout Byrow &) § Fald Subteacty(a bits 1th Bong)
sels
Alef Subtya.ctoy
AY Nosh Bae ne abttsjisayi8 !
@ wo-of tputs: 03 ( rae % sQut) (te)
riba outputs oa (Difference § Borvew
© HEL”)
= ye BB ,
Bout
4 aCe +eells
ye AB +AB
final eupretston fox Difference
27 K-Map for Bout — 4 Emlt) 4
tel expression for [Brut == 8]
D nplementatton 2f Halt ‘Suldrao tor -
@ Votng {Baste boogie quer
Mole: 4sren compartd fo HY pda ey dame Fh Of
ie) sume Def event ave Fmplemnen tad using EX-~OR gate
toner as carry s Ag but Borrowouk =Gar= AG | pitr={ ute)
eek: nese
Trplemeating Ustag Ex-ok gate GND gale
ResAs S AGB = Diff erence
Fae '
1 q i Kr)! e «
&
Ag = Bod
| Full Subtractor : s
Dre tnpatss 03 (8,8; Gorrewln (ex)
| de-oy Outputs? 02.” (Difference & Boerwtut ovat)
© mth tatle or Full Subbtrarkoy » Equation fow Bef = Yate oo) ro loriootitt
AB Bin TAB Bn> MBR,* HCBin
‘
ms é
r Peng rey een
O Em Ci, d +4
Equation for Baw AYE I= Core pip aoll Hiyy
AGB Gn ABB ABBIn ME BW
We Mee tEmatng
Ye Sm (urs) v4
ste KrMap dor Pifferente Ey Bout 1p %o & lox)
0
Fay
goths ues ye Pole \xpal Wy oad
14 2 Bin + 6 Bin
0 Tete Dit .
AG Ce *Aep,
tron EXOR gibe £
J
PND OR gakts
| Moke: Reunite Difference epion Eytan SF Ee-0R, teat fl
1) Ieidementatton BL Fall Bubliactor uSvey
1} as follows qa tt
- ie ™~
yo A Ota tT ABBa 7 6 Bit ACEI
4 FRO. ae adh + Pe [pe+ea)
| cps Ag +B = HOB= x
AG + ae — ASE = TD
Wdal ono
Py & [588] + brelnos)
Yr OLD TE. LF Bw ea B= 208
Ge) - yo (aed) @8r,!
Totsl difference tn Exon format ah
Bh) deifers
PL an be J 5
2] ion A OG)
aie os ?
—— i
arc pot { s
Ns Gout 2 4)
Haat
aetal dives
(06) 0850
e =) 68 — >
Ae
Bock Digna
B A Srp CAB)
Ou
Comparator
Breath
|
ARB Age ASB \ .
“apul «Pr nf sett [ebR]entts) for bE ai
For 9-fits
A oS AUPo Be Be)
Oo oOo
Oo ao.
00 to
ae ry
ay ae
5) Regn 5
es fn ody one btt
t bit Comparodov
aepyesen te
Stepiz—No of
Nowaf soupurseos CAS
_—
JA Bin
> v beg (sos Bce= Be
Le ee i Drees eh
. Bout = A6+( pee
SI | Taglementationy “Hagntbk Compastor
Sogpbmeatar fen J Acbih Lemoore
1B are
Rapute CA 2Av,
if
® Bw
ye Boud 11 Bout »
4 Too rumber> A
me A 2A BOB)
BsGo)" =a I
nee 978) Re see! se Crelald Tips &bfp s) Mm
wh ta ble Pen
t \ Mido i t |
: | §
Stepas Jalvtle separate ¢qUe fov oll onl pus A°By Fre, , r
) oot UF AP AP, 35s
for (aca) =yets yo
! ¢ 0,3
ye we FMg Yr SmlO )
!
d
1
=< 6 AY Ae®o > Yen
9 [4 * énti)
Fov las) - ye 1210 sfy aw) yom 1 farEnta)
a
Re
for (new =y
Stepts- Doyle Kote
WD k
> cell, > Ar
A®:= y+ cel) -+oelly
Fv by + Pky | Pret equedion for (er=8) —
KMop tow Ca eDayoiemlr),
pieak_equctter fo y
foe cy 88
Ke Mor fov (O>8) yi fe En tid
BRTe Te
lo |)
held
[B77 -> Probe 1
¢ Po eel et
a Skea Si— Traplemnenrtetiin = a, te bey Comparator ai
Casic te gts.
i ee -
E pr Pon gabe
SES Ae Ae tnye Fadot 8 i
‘ - Prob
Leet B = nob t | |
pay aes |
NOR gate
st) Tmptementation of 4-bt comparator Usk Ex
Ae+«eB= AQBSEXK-OR . vs
6S +Ag= Aas - 908 => Ex- Nog
Ce) Pal for [lodge A | -
GO" y =Ab ten .
Bo O68) =y < PB
Br) = Ye Probe Desfan ard tmplementation 9 abs Compowatyy ._
rucibtise Arai,
Notes Fav a- bit Compatater , Tw
Srepresended in only fw brt (ie A #4 BP Ea
No. of tops =04 ( fy fo +8, Bp)
ace, > 6)
cobttiator
piety
No -o Outpuk= 03 ( A-B)
Steprs Ruth table for * at
Oudpuds
” 2
AB) AZB |e %
= 00 00401 Ob tolotM
4= Mo ans t Mo amis |
Jem (015110;15) ‘ '
3 Codi + ootor Ol O1rO + ott tot
for (48) = rl
mit Met nga me > Mh
¢ 4
El t72,82.60 er) 7 (.ar8) ay OL Oe+ LOCO + 1O01 4 Loot NOV NI
am
MG Mat eg eM FMA Meg
’
y- Ea (4 1819 412 18214)
steps Appty Map doy ot om
tap _foy (n=8) ye Emm (0,5 /12)15)
a bfts> a= 16 boner
Binal equection for (A-6) !
re celk | x celle ceils +cell} ass
Be, Fibre by, * PO MEB, 4
=~ RH BiB Armor *
. +olot+ t o need
Ti Hr! |
= [fe ooo +10! ye
hei Minin mse mis
‘. ay ake all)
wv (AL) ya Ee (1s
Koay fv (220 4 ? : Bip tte Meee
Apply H-Mar
wo Guadd + paiv 4 sepal 2
ye AG t POT Be +t AyAeBe
Pinal equotion for Arb
Seep Trplemero tou a gebits Magnitude Compas. cctoy
Qv er Bo Be
4 (a-8) Spcod
Evcoder Fepate. compreen
plock fag tam - '
“gilt
) used at “Wans milter sia]
Encodey
Combinational [> | sa outputs
hoog fe Creubes
vb
Oy eps =
op wm
is iE
Ghee = 4K A gin
m2 ov 4 OM 5 faputs 1 Ws qulpuls
Whee We (,2, 3,4 -
TH MEV oe rast Encoder
VY=2 5277S 4 Encode
md; vy 5 B13 Efdey and
50 oO”
Ges ‘gn 4 impk mentation of 2243 5 & Encode
Sep ir No-of mpd» 0% (2% ota raved 289{'D3 © 21Ps)
Noe of Olputs s 08 (nao) + mamed ov (41B) !
Step2 =~ Truth Table Cfo eer Encedey) . :
"Chelate ilps
Aus 9 Entoaet
Daov % PB oy
yA -Dsvo,
| ibs
Stepare Wille Gepesete eqn fv Opals ae
(9) fox outputs Ax Y= PotD «i
0s em ay tel ga om
a Av oukput Beye |= Ort
[page CaRPay = ok tam he
Be Y
P o. skipped
Nplesr Stepan Applycrg K-Map fs SRUPPEAS
ae pe nebfa 5al\y ) af Qala Ex
q a pert [Oxt9 Exparg P
Destwn G Tynplervanto tn te ini he Compreey = f *
gata
Recs herr orig” :
Cused al wecetsers de)
Block I Nagwna ndm
“nt Sapud
wu (ov)
| - ; ] Recoder | ‘ | 2” pu puls hl
Ste Swvon, yy tapds 2 “oWpuds
Tap PDO Decades
Steps F Ale q fapde? 03; Aye
No y Oulpuds < ot [ gD DiPo)
Shep 2: Tyuth Tabk for a lage glen 57° 2 Cupu.
Leap reecertact?,
pleertrtation Of 9xh Decoder ustg
[ Hed
| gPKne 83
| Entedey
ax a8
creo dew
a . 4 Outpadls | &
=D Encedter Decired FoBLDF
BCD eas
= Wea; 2%
S22 3; 2M pa=g S&S Bkd= azar? pu! (08) fi
Now inputs 2 3 +, BC)
No oy Outputs = 8 (_D1DeDeDPaBD.De) ‘
akpe+ Trth table for #38
Shep:
60 fy oles = Az too tb lolritorih)
ss ye A= Da tot D5
Ane e = OL OA LDC}
02 1% a9,
Ot oWN eNO AY 4D \oy
7 2 \,
satdevetiee) (Heny indo ove) fabio called 0d Rata Slee y
lok Diagram :—
Lay Rapuks
7 Hulfiel 4 output
ot tae) Congatval [>
¢ bogie creutts
Syeabele-
1 outa
\
al
sat Sele!
< ORS)
Stee fa Murs aX x 1 pmsl FH
phew Wet 3-——
dion inputs
af ne Som 8
F net yale yl saxty 1 (ofeputts jroutped st selectton sir]
M2 p22 NLS 2 SHI s 2fq inputs, Loudpd 5 2 secfion Aine]
3523x155 Bact; 3f e-tnputs, -owtpul 7 3 Selection Lén%)
and. So o~ (aD
@ Desig and tvplemartation a alxijl Multiplexey
Step4 i- ‘
0.0, tnpeck : 02 (Dale at Di do)
Beaty A Seelection (bso taputi) 401 (warmed au 50)
outputs o1 named 4 (Y)
Touth Table not KecessaY
Stepy i KHap' is
Cun using Baste Legz qe oe
ote
Step 5 :- Lmplomentatt
Patol —y geection
Ab ¢ {ip
puadtiplered Subp
Eeho Ly we 5 Dp +S) J
asad
\e! co
Batye and Seer Zon, Remurreny ee |
Tuluded i” Labecpedtonen*
2" (outputs)
| Cea pctton andatapubs
Dalgns-
Renu ° ees Men isa sty
Fes Uys Nore seteckion put
4 (sete es “oy Bota ‘wpa: of (as Data fa sDin)
1) Taps alo % sdection Rives 0 tnput sot Cas a)
(nanre dos “Ys ¥e)
|| stor :— Truth Table
Step a6 — Ane : 1= OD
Faq“ gov = i
fe eas yacrht K-Map a wot
fir S$ Tmglementation
Denk Pld
ce
4 eerIsate
t
Using BLO
Homebovk
Dutn ytrplevent
sherpa Sued
tte stat
ey
\
hy ye multinleg
Naltiplexey
" No-} Pata tipds- on (s,0,,0:D.)
No selection Lit a: T]p > Or Loyse)
hy)
om
Wo output 0 15%)"
Aep> sath Tol we :
° Sutp HOY § 50205 YTS Se
= geo 50207 YF DS Se
. Sial ggord y Y= BH
yy Sie! G Soe! 397 DSse
Or r & wot
3 “yl Step Kage me
v> wecessary PxXhy ae DemuAtip eres
aml. Alo oy tpud 4 + 01 (0)
vex oudpul > 4 ( Pooh) (Y% Vy)
v Selection Lines ar ip »- 05 51)
Steps Yo= SiSo Diag, “sith
Me S!SDe, = ot] 4
Y2 = SS! Diq = 10% |
X= SiSoDin = wha )sg® 4 mplementag ow OF 441 9 Mulliple wer & 14 abe.
Mubliple eet (Bxt HUY Sy 3b. 43)
eps © Tdes
put
oO, Tnpuby (i) eta tupuls oy (9x
neined ay
r ;
(dD: DiDe) pata F 7
[adaelech"on fapuk yy J erle.<.) ,
? moméd ar )
j (ise
wo] odpd = 01 fatioarys ows sromed as
Formation of Truthtable (4e relate Eps ectth cles)
Y= ye o0Py TID T19 Oo aaSE3
yr AeD 55:0 ¢ + 515d? * S150
= 5q50 ©
sacisie (OKUp?
, K-Mop & not appWieobete (SKIP, BLS
AX ipa Hue USMY 4
© apph
on
x or
| | | Ne aie y
eatgn & Tmplernentarhow. xy BX Wulnplerer
Steprs a “x1m +3 ay!
231,93) Sah 90
nlo of, trputs +~ o8 { DiDeD;DaD4D,)
Nb a Selec tm Amere~ 03 (5 5150)
No q outputs? 01 (VD)
Step ag — formation at Pruth babe
pete
Pata Tnpul , ~ [gelectfin &
Dy_Dy Ds Dy Ds Ps Py Pol
o © >) 000 © Dy o
°
5
0
o 72 000 WO
oo 0 9 OD OO
o 0 0 0 3d 0 0
0 oom Oe
6 0 Bro 0 MOB! A
i D, o 0° o 0 Oo
) oe" aE =
\ ag: B51 S:Pot 55,550) SosiSth | HAO Dy 05) SDH
A 5051 92 B57 508152 DoH | S051 S207
i} skepant— K-Map % not necetsaty (ski)
49st Tmnplorren oftore BE, 8x1, 3, Mux ars
Bor tc Logic ah ¢
Fe oe! a a Gs. 5 5u)
sy 2 B5aDe +505 5:0 + So 5 OHS gua FSH det SH
80 S)5p.D4 5515. D1 TOP CPO To 6,
’
<9
LOOP
| |
Deatgu & Tmplement of ix afedbultblenes
Reps Pp yoM, 5
1¥8,3°
=1 (0)
No-of Supt = yvonn)
= 08 (YaV Vs 43% Ye
ec ee - .03( 525380)
om
© Laer ou Elps
row Atmel lp nae ar a yr
ode Conuerters (° Binary t BOD,
: we ( Binary te esess-3, Be aay © 6 Cnn
Erray & “Blany ~~ and 4a ov
\
Bhary to Bep (4 bit eaves)
step: Nog Snputs ¢ 0 5 BB. B, se
nto. 0, Outputs’. 043 P3aP2DiD, Toptional
22 2@ e kept — Write 4
F eparate eqn tov DoD) sDr “Ds
De ic gon
DOL FOO +t Biot Lott e100!
= MM tt mage
> ashe ia
© Lebesussna]
D & te
@Em for Di lied ye Di =e on1y + ool! FOllo-FOUIT
_ Mat mat wig ty
ie Boe Em 219,69]
@ Eqn: for Dy GO y= Or= t= oloo-towwl+ aio teu |
= My t ms pe +
[oer]
@ Equ fo Dg (ie) yeDacl= ovo 10 01”
[We Dee Zmlera)
ctapacpatg -ie=Man For ode See betrb 7D
dav gest interme, fe 45
gzeaotaue?
109 1 34 bits art yequived
ve nehy Ut ele
laran
A eens
BoB.
Re
ByB2.
oo WY apply Kedar Pre deen Ne) se
5
iil Apply k-Map “for Pa = ty =D Simm (415/63)
|
}
! ; Se Jae Jaw wm | BB.
| SBe eo f}oilitt| to
| ss en 6} d 3 44:
} fn ol t dra ad o
Be tl} * a é
®
&
5
—
Le
)
Ee)
2.
por a =jig= Pa B8\Bo -d°™ Bate boogie. Gates
; : ny Lp De © 8) -+833.B
-- 4) Bi = y=d) 420, 28a
=f tithe ye or 26%
=) BsBBveps 4 da 6301 Unit =4 Sequential hogte Chrcubts
| bE EF
if Block fagram: (Sto > oe EG ste )
' = ifenal p—> +
woenif — Come Ls Sum Ops
ee i s
[ fori J
| * Outputs (5) vot only deperdliv om the present put,
Bret adso “depending on the pRulour( stored |post) Did
F ~
%
sk oD 3K
OSE Registers
| s1so ud SsTPo
Py
Seal Taput pal Thput Salal hp Posaliel Sp ‘
Setal Output fasalt Oulpit pasalld Olput — sesial oy,
8 Serial (1eft To ‘RPght)
# posallel (rep 40 Botton)
© Gunters
UP -countey - Down counter °P-~Bown County
ty
1.9 yous eee
“4 4nchro cleeked J $tecoey) Yamarti)
2. Asynchronous Unclecked J Fax bed)
LZ. Flip Flops“ }0 F .
Ook Flip ~ Plops «
fmf yi Q
th Q
@ or ah
CST a
sco
R §O=5
- Truth Table »
(nor alone
Jat 4 OND lene’)
sf
x
clo co. 1
(iyo of 0 | tector
si ory
Y ol OO
we Kno? the present Pa,
| | Pity ect state (Qi),
avd fopuds 5 qF
} =
Chorotettic Taber 5-0 45 =
| Sra Pranifadr D [nek aie
Extradition “Tables- Cfndiq fputs, if we tnow al ras
SS] od Q41 (nent 5 tate) -
| | eutpel | Taps |
Qle@a| slr
© sb eo x j a o/)
6| 1 ace f
I} o o 1
} :
| wy 4 “1a
BEE Fesiebes, or
5180 Bea.
Ari Tid sich | Lb bb satel dnt aan
j4 fot et Eo Right to Left
piro 5
ge onl ear Lacy Rnputs
Fall) Tegnct Foalll rh ae Sancta ke cat)
_ A-e) patablel dads
Teeter (np)
‘eerie eT lia RY (ouput) J mp0 (a ets)
etal Trput pose ol Olp =: an 1
riety
(beft tv iv Eekiny), et
or) v r r
{from Rajet 4v “Top ov Getto) re
piso Le-bitd
Parade Tapuds
froollel Taped devia odd ——aeyia sk * LV tates)
et poset output
foo Top * Lat 61) Rigs oul wal
oY)
{ror Bottom to Left(en) ght — Le
: "4 ate qa A Re ut
OR
= \
bite sso(b Wits) usb
"yuan aval
—flop (4 -bites Do Flip Cleo)
DaCipatie |
“dha, ie i
eoayy Palle pd
* Pout wa &
Pile » ay 3h
poselted inputt,
Qs.
F Pop
Saatel
4 wets
1d ov}
a, Count evs (Sequential hoog
Wed ty count the nF clock
Counters
_ eet
—_—
Annaianns
¥ Uneloc ked (ov) india
Pulys are wed
*Rdlay fs move
® Slowey fr performance
Framplas
Op = Countey Cu-bite
1 @) Rown—eounter (4 - bits)
© vpl Dowr. counter (eri »
{ Arsynebnonous coun tes |
rho ker Outpt (CQ %-
Sa
2
§ \
j Cueet) Fifp -Plop-
m
VD by
® %
Bsgachevovor
Pe Clock, pubge #
By Ar, OO used ag iclock pubes to
FR, FFs GFF, supe ey
ge Cieutt
eval clo tt
vip clo K pulse tp contro
Upc tourtter us
(eons? Py
pulse Recebued by TP)
Syn chrouous
tame (0
ad
ly md) clock pulse t
us
a Relay VOY dese
ie Foner Uhan’ synchro aouy
4 hese
eens
& abies (od: x stage
es ae otoge
® ‘- bits OU - stage
Hy 4
Ey \
each lta fly #3 used at
\ Cov cone) higher ordev”
3h —Alip-F los
%
a
an
celoneh ® ghee
Downton ata ty Yo)
oy} Ow yuk sq cia 9 old \
. of 6 Teal
a & OH Wy “ f
ola lol,
Ole lt 14
© |e \
oly lole ' i
‘ ‘ ot
© i) \o 4 ‘
Ra WL \ ‘
te lees mn ‘
o ||! in
) t
VS lol! vt ¢
vif [es " v ah
y ees waNb: lal eletet
ov ly le Rey ol ofele
1 it jolt |
v6 ©
yn bis Down Counter using ATH Clip Flee
a tt duit i if Pel |
“palit
e ay (use) q. O; Ou (msaB)>
6, Os ®, are wl as clock pulse bo FF, OFM, fy FFy aespetivel
fi) Up-Powm Alaynehronous Comte (abe 49 count ascending |dexern)
Is Ff SO I, y -" ye Tu °
; " eT Ff bps ° Dp 4
at p! pan D, i 5 i Kat
a) ) SOW
wl
coved ee ma
On Ba On Qs ®
a00° Wmaihy 4)
60 0} 1 108
1o teen
GS.
feel 60°90
