Banking of Roads (Tracks):
Curved roads and tracks are banked to reduce the role of friction for providing centripetal force on curves.
; the maximum safe speed at which a vehicle can
negotiate a curve is given by
The above max safe speed does not take into account the friction between the tyres and the road.
If the force of friction is also taken into account; we have,
-
Bending of a Cyclist:
2
/rg
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
1.
a) May be at rest
b) May be in uniform motion
c) May be in uniformly accelerated motion
d) Both a) & b)
2. Inertia is the property of a body linked to tendency of a body
(a) to change its position
(b) to change its direction
(c) to change the momentum
(d) to resist any change in its state
3. Newton's first law of motion describes the
(a )energy (b) work (c) inertia (d) moment of inertia
4. A ball is travelling with uniform translatory motion. This means that
(a) it is at rest.
(b) the path can be a straight line or circular and the ball travels with uniform speed.
(c) all parts of the ball have the same velocity (magnitude and direction) and the velocity is constant.
(d) the centre of the ball moves with constant velocity and the ball spins about its centre uniformly.
5. According to Galileo's experiment for a double inclined plane, if slope of second plane is zero and
planes are smooth, then a ball is released from rest on one of the planes rolls down and move on the
second plane ...X... distance. Here, X is
(a) zero (b) infinite (c) equal to length of first plane (d) None of these
6. No force is required for
(a) an object moving in straight line with constant velocity
(b) an object moving in circular motion
(c) an object moving with constant acceleration
(d) an object moving in elliptical path.
7. Impulse equals
(a) rate of change of momentum
(b) change in momentum
(c) momentum multiplied by time
(d) rate of change of force
`
36
8. The direction of impulse is
(a) same as that of the net force (b) opposite to that of the net force
(c) same as that of the final velocity (d) same as that of the initial velocity
9. China wares are wrapped in straw of paper before packing. This is the application of concept of
(a) impulse (b) momentum (c) acceleration (d) mass
10. Which one of the following is not a force?
(a) Impulse (b) Tension (c) Thrust (d) Air resistance
11. If the net external force on a body is ...X..., its acceleration is zero. Acceleration can be ...Y... only, if
there is a net external force on the body. Here, X and Y refer to
(a) zero, zero (b) zero, non-zero (c) non-zero, zero (d) non-zero, non-zero
12. The same change in momentum in ...X... time needs ...Y... force applied. Here, X and Y refer to
(a) longer, lesser (b) shorter, greater (c) both (a) and (b) (d) longer, greater
to the conservation of
(a) linear momentum (b) angular momentum
(c) potential energy (d) kinetic energy
14. A cannon after firing recoils due to
(a) conservation of energy (b)
(d) Newton
15. Identify the correct statement.
(a) Static friction depends on the area of contact
(b) Kinetic friction depends on the area of contact
(c) Coefficient of kinetic friction does not depend on the surfaces in contact
(d) Coefficient of kinetic friction is less than the coefficient of static friction
16. Frictional force that opposes relative motion between surfaces in contact is called
(a) static friction (b) kinetic friction (c) kinetic friction (d) static friction
17. The coefficient of static friction between two surfaces depends upon
(a) the normal reaction (b) the shape of the surface in contact
(c) the area of contact (d) None of the these
18. If s, k and r are coefficients of static friction, kinetic friction and rolling friction, then
(a) s < k < r (b) k < r < s (c) r < k < s (d) r = k = s
19. It is difficult to move a cycle with brakes on because
(a) rolling friction opposes motion on road
(b) sliding friction opposes motion on road
(c) rolling friction is more than sliding friction
(d) sliding friction is more than rolling friction
20. Which of the following statements about friction is true?
(a) Friction can be reduced to zero
(b) Frictional force cannot accelerate a body
(c) Frictional force is proportional to the area of contact between the two surfaces
(d) Kinetic friction is always greater than rolling friction
21. When a car moves on a level road, then the centripetal force required for circular motion is provided by ___
(a) weight of the car (b) normal reaction
(c) component of friction between the road & tyres along the surface. (d) All of these
`
37
22. On a banked road, which force is essential to provide the necessary centripetal force to a car to take a turn
while driving at the optimum speed?
(a) Component of normal reaction (b) Component of frictional force
(c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these
23. A particle revolves round a circular path. The acceleration of the particle is inversely proportional to
(a) radius (b) velocity (c) mass of particle (d) both (b) and (c).
24. A cyclist taking turn bends inwards while a car passenger taking the same turn is thrown outwards. The
reason is
(a) car is heavier than cycle
(b) car has four wheels while cycle has only two
(c) difference in the speed of the two
(d) cyclist has to counteract the centrifugal force while in the case of car only the passenger is thrown by
this force
25. A cyclist bends while taking turn in order to
(a) reduce friction (b) provide required centripetal force
(c) reduce apparent weight (d) reduce speed
26. Which of the following is a self- adjusting force?
(a) Static friction (b) Rolling friction (c) sliding friction (d Dynamic friction
27. A constant force acts on a body of mass 5 kg and changes its speed from 5m/s to 10 m/s in 10 seconds,
without changing the direction of motion. The force acting on the body is
(a) 1.5 N (b) 2N (c) 2.5 N (d) 5 N
28. One end of a string of length l is connected to a particle of mass m and the other to a small peg on a smoth
horizontal table. If the particle moves in a circle with speed v, the net force on the particle is
(a) T (b) T-mv2/l (c) T + mv2/l (d) 0
29. A body subjected to three concurrent forces is found to be in equilibrium. The resultant of any two forces
(a) is equal to third force (b) is opposite to third force
(c) is collinear with the third force (d) All of these
30. The mass of bicycle rider along with the bicycle is 100 kg. He wants to cross over a circular turn of radius
100m with a speed of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres and the road is 0.6, the
frictional force required by the rider to cross the turn is
(a) 300 N (b) 600 N (c) 1200 N (d) 150 N
ANSWER KEY[MCQS SECTION]
1.d 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.a 11.b 12.c 13.a 14.c
15.d 16.c 17.a 18.c 19.d 20.d 21.c 22.a 23.a 24.d 25.b 26.a
27.c 28.a 29.d 30.b
II .ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of these
questions also has four
alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
`
38
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
1. Assertion : Mass is a measure of inertia of the body in linear motion.
Reason : Greater the mass, greater is the force required to change its state of rest or of uniform motion.
2. Assertion : If the net external force on the body is zero, then its acceleration is zero.
Reason : Acceleration does not depend on force.
3. Assertion : Impulse of force and momentum are same physical quantities.
Reason : Both quantities have same unit.
4. Assertion: A cricketer moves his hands forward to catch a ball so as to catch it easily without
hurting.
Reason: He tries to decrease the distance travelled by the ball so that it hurts less.
5. Assertion: Same force applied for the same time causes the same change in momentum for
different bodies
Reason: The total momentum of an isolated system of interacting bodies remains conserved.
6. Assertion : A rocket works on the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
Reason : Whenever there is change in momentum of one body, the same change occurs in the
momentum of the second body of the same system but in the opposite direction.
7. Assertion : A block placed on a table is at rest, because action force cancels the reaction force on
the block.
Assertion : The net force on the block is zero.
8. Assertion : On a rainy day, it is difficult to stop a moving car or bus at high speed.
Reason : The value of coefficient of friction is lowered due to wetting of the surface.
9. Assertion: Friction is a necessary evil
Reason: Though friction dissipates power, but without friction we cannot walk.
10. Assertion: There is a stage when frictional force is not needed at all to provide the necessary
centripetal force on a banked road.
Reason: On a banked road, due to its inclination the vehicle tends to remain inwards without any
chances of skidding.
11. Assertion : Linear momentum of a body changes even when it is moving uniformly in a circle.
Reason : In uniform circular motion, velocity remains constant.
12. Assertion : No external force is required to keep a body in uniform motion.
Reason :If the net external force is zero , a body at rest continues to remain at rest and the body in
motion continues to move with a uniform velocity.
13. Assertion: It is difficult to move a cycle along the road with brakes on.
Reason: Sliding friction is greater than rolling friction.
14. Assertion: The apparent weight of a body in an elevator moving with some downward
acceleration is less than the actual weight of the body.
Reason: The part of the weight of the body is spent in producing downward acceleration, when body
is in elevator.
15. Assertion: A horse has to pull the cart harder during first few steps of his motion.
Reason: The first few steps are always difficult.
`
39
16. Assertion :Use of ball-bearing between two moving parts of a machine is common practice.
Reason: Ball bearing reduces vibrations and provides good stability.
ANSWER KEY [ASSERTION-REASON SECTION]
1.a 2.c 3.d 4.d 5.b 6.a 7.d 8.a 9.a 10.c 11.c 12.a 13.a 14.a
15.c 16.c
III . CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
1. Friction between any two surfaces in contact is the force that opposes the relative motion between them. The
force of limiting friction (F) between any two surfaces in contact is directly proportional to the normal reaction
(R) between them i .e . , F R or F= µs R, where µs is coefficient of limiting friction , then µs = tan
With the help of above comprehension, choose the most appropriate alternative for each of the following
questions:
1. A force of 49N is just able to move a block of wood weighing 10kg on a rough horizontal surface. The
coefficient of friction is
(a) 0.5 (b) 4.9 (c) 10/49 (d) 49/9.8
2. The angle of friction in the above question is
(a) 340 (b) 300 (c) 260 (d) 450
3. A horizontal force of 1.2kg is applied on a 1.5 kg block, which rests on a horizontal surface. If the coefficient
of friction is 0.3 , force of friction is
(a) 0.45 kg f (b) 1.2kg f (c) 1.5kg f (d) 0.3kg f
4. The acceleration produced in the block in the above question is
(a) 9.8m/s2 (b) 0.3m/s2 (c) 1.5m/s2 (d) 4.9m/s2
2. ,F = m .a ,where F is the force required to produce an
acceleration a in a body of mass m .If a= 0 then F = 0 , i. e , no external force is required to move a body
uniformly along a straight line .If a force F acts on a body for t seconds , the effect of the force is given by
1. A cricket ball of mass 150g is moving with a velocity of 12m/s and is hit by a bat so that the ball is turned
back with a velocity of 20m/s. If duration of contact between the ball and the bat is 0.01 sec. The impulse of the
force is
(a) 7.4Ns (b) 1.2Ns (c) 4.8Ns (d) 4.7Ns
2. Average force exerted by the bat is
(a) 480N (b) 120N (c) 1200N (d) 840N
3. The retardation of the ball is
(a) 1600m/s2 (b) 320 m/s2 (c) 3200m/s2 (d) 160 m/s2
4. An impulsive force of 100N acts on a body for 1s. What is the change in its linear momentum?
(a) 10Ns (b) 100Ns (c) 1000Ns (d) 1Ns
`
40
3 .BANKING OF ROADS
The maximum permissible velocity with which a vehicle
can go round a level curved road without skidding depends
on µ, the coefficient of friction between the tyres and the
road. The value of µ decreases when road is smooth or
tyres of the vehicle are worn out or the road is wet and so
on. Thus force of friction is not a reliable source for
providing the required centripetal force to the vehicle. A
1. The phenomenon of edge is called banking of
roads
(a) Inner edge (b)Centre (c)Outer edge (d)None of these
2. Normal reaction R of the banked road acts
(a) Along the surface of contact (b)Opposite to the weight w
(c) Perpendicular to the surface of contact (d)Any arbitrary direction
3. Centripetal force in case of a car moving on a banked circular road is provided by the following
components of various forces
(a) (b) (c)R, f (d)R, weight
4. The speed at which
- a banked road can be rounded even when there is no friction
(a). (rg/ tan 1/2 (b) (rg tan 1/2 (c)Zero (d)Infinity
5. A circular race track of radius 300m is banked at an angle of 15degrees. If the co-efficient of friction
between wheels and the road is 0.2, what is the optimum speed of the race car to avoid wear and tear on
its tyres
(a) . (b) (c) 300m/s (d)15m/s
ANSWER-KEY[Case Study Based Questions]
I) 1.A 2.c 3.a 4.d
II) 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.b
III) 1.c 2.c 3.a 4.b 5.a
IV .TWO MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Name the physical quantity which gives a measure of quantity of motion contained in a moving body.
Also draw the graph showing the variation of this physical quantity with velocity for an object with
constant mass.
2. Give two important applications
3. What do you understand by impulse? Use it to explain why does a cricket player lower his hands while
catching a ball?
4. State and explain -reaction pairs in case of firing of a gun.
5. Comment on -
6.
7. Derive an expression to show that the recoil velocity of gun is directly proportional to the velocity of the
bullet.
8. A balloon with mass M is descending down with an acceleration a, where a<g. What mass m of its
contents must be removed so that it starts moving up with acceleration a? [Ans: 2Ma/(g+a)]
`
41
9. What are concurrent forces? Write the condition under which the body will said to be in equilibrium.
10. Two masses M and m are connected at the two ends of an inextensible string. The string passes over a
frictionless pulley. Calculate the acceleration of the masses.
11. What is friction. A heavy box is kept (at rest) on a table. Will there be friction in the given case, if yes,
name the type of the friction involved here.
12. Explain why the static friction is called as self-adjusting force.
13. Using the knowledge of different types of friction, draw a plot to show the variation of force of friction
with the applied force.
14. A physical quantity X is obtained when limiting friction is numerically divided by the normal reaction.
Identify the quantity X and write its SI unit.
15. Define angle of Repose and hence deduce its relation with co-efficient of static friction.
16. The distance travelled by a moving body is directly proportional to time. Is any external force acting on
it?
V .THREE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. A vehicle is moving on a horizontal road with speed v. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres
2
2. Find the expression for the work done against friction when a body is made to slide up an inclined
plane.
3. By giving three advantages and disadvantages, show that the friction is a necessary evil.
4. Why is it easier to pull a roller than to push it? Explain.
5. Explain why (i) China wares are wrapped in straw papers before packing (ii) shockers are used in
vehicles.
6. Why does a cyclist lean inward when moving along a curved path. Determine the angle through which
the cyclist bends from the vertical to negotiate a curve.
7. A horse has to apply more force to start a cart than to keep it moving explain.
VI .THREE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. What is meant by banking of roads? Explain the need for it. Obtain an expression for the maximum
of
2. (i) Find the expression for the recoil velocity of a gun.
(ii) A person of mass m is standing in a lift. Write expression for his apparent weight when the lift is
(a) moving upward with uniform acceleration a (b) moving downward with uniform acceleration
a (a<g) and (c) falls freely.
VII . NUMERICALS
1.
Find the acceleration and distance covered of the mass after 10s.
[Ans: 0.01349m/s2; 0.6745m]
2. A body of mass m moves along X-axis such that its position coordinate at any instant t is x=at 4-bt3+ct;
where a,b,c are constants. What is the force acting on the particle at any time t.
3. A bullet of mass 100g moving with 20m/s strikes a wooden plank and penetrates upto 20cm. calculate
the resistance (reaction force) offered by the wooden plank. [Ans: 100N]
4. A batsman hits back a ball straight in the direction of bowler without changing its initial speed of12m/s.
If the mass of the ball is 0.15kg, determine the impulse imparted to the ball (assuming linear motion).
[Ans: -3.6Ns]
5. A ball moving with a momentum p strikes against a wall at an angle of 45degrees and is reflected at the
same angle. Calculate the change in momentum. [Ans: -2p cos45]
6. The velocity of a 2 kg object initially moving at ( 2i+3j 5k) m/s changes to (i+3j+4k) m/s after
3 s. Calculate the magnitude of force acting on the body. [Ans
7. A force of 49N is just sufficient to pull a block of wood weighing 10kg on a rough horizontal surface.
Calculate the coefficient of friction and angle of friction. [Ans: 0.5; 26degrees]
`
42
8. A block slides down an incline of 30degree with an acceleration equal to g/4. Find the coefficient of
kinetic friction. [Ans
9. Find the maximum speed at which a car can take turn round a curve of 30m radius on a level road, if the
coefficient of friction between tyres and road is 0.4. [Ans: 11m/s]
10. For traffic moving at 60kmph, what should be the correct angle of banking of the road if the radius of
the curve is 0.1km. [Ans: 15.5 degrees]
11. 6. An object of mass 3 kg is at rest. Now a force of F = 6t 2i + 4t j is applied on the object. Calculate the
velocity of object at t = 3s. [Ans: 18i+6j]
12. A body of mass M hits normally a rigid wall with velocity V and bounces back with the same velocity.
Ans: 2MV]
13. One end of string of length l is connected to a particle of mass m and the other end is connected to a
small peg on a smooth horizontal table. If the particle moves in circle with speed v, what will be the net
force on the particle (directed towards centre;T represents the tension in the string).
[Ans: T]
14. A person of mass 60 kg is inside a lift of mass 940 kg and presses the button on control panel. The lift
starts moving upwards with an acceleration 1.0 m/s2 . If g = 10 m s 2, calculate the tension in the
supporting cable. [Ans: 11000N]
15. A man weighs 80 kg. He stands on a weighing scale in a lift which is moving upwards with a uniform
acceleration of 5 m/s2 . What would be the reading on the scale ? (g = 10 m/s2)
[Ans: 1200N]
16. A mass of 1 kg is suspended by a thread. It is (i) lifted up with an acceleration 4.9 m/s 2 (ii) lowered with
an acceleration 4.9 m/s2. Find the ratio of the tensions. [Ans: 3:1]
17. A man standing on a weighing machine in a lift records his weight in the machine as under:
(i) w1 when the lift acceleration upwards at 5 m/s2
(ii) w2 when the lift acceleration downwards at 5 m/s2
(iii) w3 when the lift moves up at 5 m/s
(iv) w4 when the lift moves down at 5 m/s
Write the correct relation between their relative values [Ans: w1>( w3= w4)> w2]
`
43