Liceo de Cagayan University

Senior High School Department-Main Campus

RNP Blvd. Kauswagan, Cag. de Oro
S.Y. 2022-2023

Full Names: Raven John C. Bual,

Michael John Opura,
Daphne Dael,
Zeah Ochea,
Joyce Rollon,
Kaye Alexandrea Baran,
Joselito Gabucan Jr.
Section: 12 ABM 10
Practical Research 2 Teacher:_Hannah Osio
Date: 9/25/2023
Score: ___________________

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
ACTIVITY NO. 1
(GROUP TASK)

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

(INDEPENDENT LEARNING ACTIVITY)

Directions: Answer the following questions and write your best answer.
Learning Competencies:
1. Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.
2. Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields
3. Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses

A. Define Quantitative Research.

Quantitative research is a systematic method of gathering and analyzing numerical data to
understand, describe, or predict phenomena, focusing on relationships, patterns, and trends.
B. Enumerate the Characteristics of Quantitative Research.
1. Objectivity and Replicability
2. Structured Data Collection
3. Large Sample Size
4. Statistical Analysis
5. Control and Precision
 C. List down the types of Quantitative Research.
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
Survey Research
D. Enumerate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
Strengths:
Data that are impartial and consistent.
Generalizability.
For strong conclusions, use statistical analysis.
Weaknesses:
Could simplify intricate things too much.
Limited knowledge of the context.
Bias in research is possible.
E. Why use Quantitative Research?
Supports the use of evidence in making decisions.
Provides insights based on facts.
Makes trend analysis and comparisons less difficult.
F. Explain the importance of quantitative research to the following fields;
a. Education: Assesses instructional methods and student
development.
b. Business: Provides guidance for financial analysis, evaluation of performance, and
market research.
c. Social Sciences: Examines societal trends, attitudes, and habits.
d. Healthcare and Medical Field: Informs healthcare policies, clinical studies, and patient
outcomes.
e. Technology: Drives market research, customer feedback, and product development.
f. Natural Sciences: Promotes the testing of hypothesis and data-driven findings.
G. Differentiate Qualitative Research to Quantitative Research.
While quantitative research is systematic, objective, and focused on numerical data and
statistical analysis, qualitative research is subjective, exploratory, and emphasizes
understanding underlying meanings and situations.
H. Define Research Variables
Variables are traits, qualities, or elements that can change and are investigated in research. Both
independent (predictors) and dependent (outcomes) categories are possible.
I. Define the following terms;
a. Quantitative Variables
Variables that can be measured quantitatively include things like height, weight, and
temperature.
b. Categorical Variables
Categories or groups that are represented by the variables, such as gender or car type.
c. Experimental Variables
Intentionally manipulated variables used in experiments to study how they affect other
factors.

J. Complete the table below.

 Liceo de Cagayan
University
Senior High School
Department-Main
Campus
RNP Blvd. Kauswagan, Cag. de Oro
S.Y. 2022-2023
Types of Variables Classification Description Examples

1. Discrete Descriptive Discrete variable, Family members

Variables Research also known as in each house on a
Correlational categorical Cagayan de Oro
Research variables, is a street are 5, 3, 6, 5,
Experimental quantitative 2, 7, 4, The
Research Survey variable that takes number of students
ResearchDiscrete a finite number of in a classroom is a
variables are numerical values discrete variable,
quantitative from its defined as it cannot be
measures that can limits, neglecting represented by
have a finite or decimal values. values such as 4.5,
countable number 0.5, 3.2, or 9.1.
of distinct values. and so on.

2. Continuous Continuous A variable can take Continuous

Variables variables are an uncountable or variables, like age,
quantitative infinite set of would take forever
measures that can values, such as x ≠ to count, as they
have infinite values y in a non-empty can vary greatly in
within a specific range of real duration, making it
range. Description: numbers, impossible to
indicating that the accurately measure
range is them.
uncountable and
infinite.

3. Dichotomous Dichotomous This is a variable Gender: Male or

Variables variables are that can only have Female Coin Flip:
nominal variables two possible Heads or Tails
with only two values.
possible categories
or values.
4. Nominal Nominal variable Nominal variables Personal Biodata:
Variables classification is the are qualitative The variables
process of dividing measures used to included in a
data into distinct name, label, or personal biodata is
groups or classes categorize a nominal variable.
based on the attributes, without Full Name Gender
variable's intrinsic ordering.

5. Ordinal Ordinal variables Ordinal variables Educational level

Variables are categorical are categorical might be
variables in variables that are categorized as 1:
statistics with a ordered, Elementary school
clear and categorized education 2: High
meaningful order, between school graduate 3:
unlike nominal categorical and Some college 4:
variables which quantitative College graduate
have no inherent variables. 5: Graduate degree
order.

6. Interval Interval variables in Interval variables Temperature

Variables statistics have a are quantitative measures heat or
consistent statistics units coldness in an
measurement scale representing ranges environment, used
with equal intervals of numerical in weather
between values, but values, allowing forecasting and
lack a true zero meaningful cooking. Time
point, ensuring mathematical measures the
meaningful data. operations like duration between
addition and events, used in
subtraction, unlike scheduling and
nominal and scientific research.
ordinal variables. IQ scores measure
intelligence
quotient, while
SAT scores assess
academic
potential.

7. Ratio Ratio variables, a Ratio variables A ratio variable,

Variables quantitative possess all the like height,
 variable with a characteristics of measures height
meaningful zero interval variables but on a continuous
point, are also have a true zero scale, allowing
point. They allow for
classified into comparison and
meaningful
four main comparisons between mathematical
categories: measurements and operations to
continuous, provide valuable calculate
discrete, count, information in differences or
and time, various fields such as ratios between
science, economics,
enabling precise individuals.
and social sciences.
measurement
and analysis.

8. Independent Classifying Identifying and For example, in a

Variables independent accurately study investigating
variables into characterizing the impact of
caffeine on
categorical, independent
alertness, the
continuous, or variables is essential independent variable
dichotomous for doing robust would be the amount
categories scientific research. of caffeine
enhances Researchers must consumed.
research validity carefully describe
and reliability, and operationalize
contributing to these variables while
the advancement keeping potential
of scientific confounding factors
knowledge in in mind. By doing
various fields so, they can ensure
valid results that
contribute
meaningfully to our
understanding of
numerous
phenomena across
many fields of study.

9. Dependent Dependent In scientific study, A study

Variables variables can be specifying and examining the
categorized into defining the impact of
 continuous, dependent variable is exercise on
categorical, or critical for correct weight loss uses
dichotomous, measurements and weight loss as a
each requiring analysis. It allows dependent
distinct statistical scientists to make variable,
techniques for meaningful analyzing
analysis, conclusions from changes over
requiring careful their studies and time and
consideration in establish cause-and- influenced by
experiment effect links between exercise levels.
design and study variables.
interpretation.

10. Control Classifying Control variables are In the example of

Variables control variables important studying the effects
is crucial in components of of caffeine on
cognitive
scientific scientific research
performance,
experiments, because they serve to controlling for age,
ensuring assure internal gender, sleep
accurate results, validity by reducing quality/duration,
precision in external impacts on physical health
design, and experimental results. conditions, and
Researchers can environmental
understanding
factors ensures
cause-and-effect confidently draw
accurate results and
relationships correct findings enhances our
within various about causal links understanding of
fields. between independent how caffeine
and dependent impacts cognition.
variables by
carefully identifying
and controlling for
extraneous and
intervening factors.

11. Confounding Understanding Understanding and For example, let's

Variables and classifying correcting for consider a study
confounding confounding investigating the
effect of caffeine
variables is variables is critical in
consumption on
crucial for scientific research. sleep quality. The
accurate Researchers can independent variable
research assure accurate is caffeine
consumption, while
findings, findings that
the dependent
ensuring reliable contribute variable is sleep
results and meaningfully to quality. However,
contributing to knowledge confounding
scientific advancement in their variables such as
knowledge respective domains age, stress levels,
by detecting and medication use
advancement
can also affect sleep
through early potential sources of
quality. If these
identification and bias and variables are not
control implementing controlled for or
measures. effective techniques accounted for in the
to control them. study design or
analysis, they can
lead to misleading
results.