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BASH cheat sheet - Level 1 ls
dir
Directory
listing.
Use
the
–l
option
to
head
–N
file
list
in
long
format.
Display
the
N
first
lines
of
file(s).
Without
any
option
10
first
lines
are
displayed.
File and directory handling commands chmod
who=permission
file
Change
the
who
permission
of
file
to
permission.
Who
tail
–N
file
cd
dir
change
directory
to
dir
can
be
u,g
or/and
o
(user,
group
or/and
other)
and
Display
the
N
last
lines
of
file(s).
Without
any
option
the
cd
–
Go
back
to
the
previous
directory
permission
can
be
-‐,x,w
or/and
r.
10
last
lines
are
displayed.
cd
..
Go
to
the
parent
directory
chmod
OctalOctalOctal
file
cd
Go
to
the
user’s
home
directory
(same
Change
the
user,
group
and
other
permissions
as
command
>
file
as
cd
~
or
cd
/home/user/)
defined
by
each
octal.
Redirect
command
output
into
a
file.
If
the
file
exists,
it
• 4
read
(r)
is
overwritten.
pwd
Show
the
current
durectory
• 2
write
(w)
• 1
execute
(x)
command
>>
file
cp
file1
file2
Copy
file1
to
file2.
Use
–r
option
for
• 0
none
(-‐)
Redirect
command
output
and
append
into
file.
copying
a
directory.
chmod
754
file
Read,write,execute
for
user,
read
and
execute
cut
–d’;’
-‐f1,4
file
scp
source_file
target_
file
for
group
and
read
only
for
other.
Cut
out
selected
portions
of
each
line
of
a
file.
The
–d
Secure
copy
over
a
network
connection.
A
remote
chmod
ug=rwx
file
option
defines
the
field
delimiter
character
(here
;)
source
or/and
target
must
follow
that
syntax:
Read,
write,
execute
for
user
and
group.
instead
of
the
default
tab
character.
The
–f
option
user@IP:/home/user/path.
Use
–r
option
for
copying
specifies
the
field(s)
displayed
(here
the
first
and
the
a
directory.
tar
czf
file.tar.gz
dir
Create
a
tar
with
Gzip
fourth).
compression
of
dir.
rsync
–L
source_file
target_
file
tar
xzf
file.tar.gz
Extract
a
tar
using
Gzip.
sort
file
Remote
file
copy.
Transfer
just
the
differences
between
Sort
lines
of
text
file
alphabetically.
Use
–n
option
to
two
sets
of
files.
–L
option
transform
symlink
into
gzip
file
Compress
file
and
rename
it
to
file.gz.
take
into
account
the
numbers
(ascending
order).
Use
referent
file/dir.
Use
the
–d
option
to
decompress
-‐k
N
option
to
specified
to
sort
according
to
the
field
N.
file.gz
back
to
file.
mv
file1
file2
Rename
or
move
file1
to
file2
if
file2
is
uniq
file
an
existing
directory,
moves
file1
into
Filter
out
consecutive
repeated
lines
in
file.
–u
displays
directory
file2.
File information handling commands only
not
repeated
lines
while
-‐d
displays
only
repeated
mkdir
dir
Create
a
directory
dir.
ones.
wc
–l
file
Display
the
number
of
lines
file.
(-‐w
rm
file
Delete
file.
Use
–r
option
for
a
for
the
number
of
words,
-‐c
for
the
split
–lN
file
prefix
directory.
number
of
characters).
wc
without
Split
file
into
pieces
of
N
lines
labelled
by
prefix.
ln
–s
file
link
Create
symbolic
link
link
to
file.
option
gives
these
three
information.
split
–b
Nm
file
Split
file
into
pieces
of
N
megabytes.
Use
k
unlink
link
Remove
a
link.
cat
file
Display
the
content
of
file(s).
instead
of
m
for
kylobyte
and
none
for
byte.
df
Show
disk
space
usage
(byte).
To
symplify
the
more
file
Display
the
content
of
file
one
screen
grep
"pattern"
file
lecture
use
the
–h
option
(human
readable).
at
a
time.
Print
lines
of
file
that
match
the
pattern.
Use
the
–E
du
–h
dir
Show
directory
space
usage.
less
file
Similar
as
more
but
allows
backward
option
to
interpret
the
pattern
as
a
regular
expression
and
forward
movement.
(see
Level
2
for
regular
expression).
man
command
:
display
the
command’s
manual
page
Jacques
Dainat
-‐
2015
fold
–w
60
file
Break
the
lines
to
have
a
maximum
of
60
columns
width
(80
by
default).
Miscellaneous
history
Display
the
history
list
with
line
numbers.
which
command
Locate
a
command.
ssh
user@IP
Log
into
a
remote
machine.
find
path
-‐name
name*
Find
in
path
and
sub-‐directory
recurcively
the
files
or
directories
matching
name.
rev
file
Reverse
the
order
of
characters
in
every
line
of
file.
join
file1
file2
Join
specified
files
based
on
join-‐field
and
writes
the
result
to
the
standard
output.
By
default
join
works
on
the
first
field.
join
-‐1
2
-‐2
2
–a1
–a2
–o
list–e
"value"
file1
file2
-‐1
2
and
-‐2
2
allows
to
respectively
join
on
the
second
field
of
file1
and
the
second
field
of
file2.
-‐a1
and
–a2
option
allows
respectively
to
also
include
the
non
matching
records
from
file1
and
file2.
-‐o
list
specify
the
fields
that
will
be
output.
e.g
the
list
0,1.1,2.1
will
display
respectively
the
join
field,
the
field1
of
file1
and
the
field1
of
file2.
When
–o
option
is
used,
the
–e
‘value’
option
replace
any
missing
data
fields
by
value.
/
!\
Files
must
be
sorted
by
the
field
they
will
be
joined
to
work
properly.