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Matlab MatrixArray Guide

Matlab matrix guide

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3 views

Matlab MatrixArray Guide

Matlab matrix guide

Uploaded by

afrah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Creating Matrices/Arrays

%A matrix can be made in several ways

A = [ 1 2 3] %this is a 1x3 matrix/array/vector

A = 1×3
1 2 3

% To make matrices with several rows the ";" can be used to transition to
% next row

A2 = [ 1 2 ; 4 5 ] % creates a 2x2 matrix

A2 = 2×2
1 2
4 5

% Matrices can also be resized using "reshape". Written in the form


% newmatrix = reshape( old matrix, [r,c]) where [r,c] corresponds to the number of
% rows and columns of the dimesions of the desired new matrix. Consider A2

reshape( A2, [1,4]) % resized matrix must have same no. of entries as original

ans = 1×4
1 4 2 5

% row matrices can also be turned into column matrices using '. consider A5

A'

ans = 3×1
1
2
3

% the inverse of a matrix can be found using the inv(matrixname) operator

inv(A2) %can only be used if matrix is square

ans = 2×2
-1.6667 0.6667
1.3333 -0.3333

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Matrix Operations

% values in matrices can be processed with single function or arthmetic


% operations

A+10

ans = 1×3
11 12 13

sin(A)

ans = 1×3
0.8415 0.9093 0.1411

% Two matrices can also be used in computation. Consider 3 matrices

M1 = [ 1 2 3 ; 4 5 6]

M1 = 2×3
1 2 3
4 5 6

M2 = [ 1 2 ; 3 4 ; 5 6]

M2 = 3×2
1 2
3 4
5 6

M3 = [ 6 7 8 ; 8 7 6]

M3 = 2×3
6 7 8
8 7 6

% regular matrix operations use regular operators, but they must have
% compatible dimensions M1/M3 and M2 are incompatible for addition and
% substration

M1 + M3

ans = 2×3

2
7 9 11
12 12 12

M1 - M3

ans = 2×3
-5 -5 -5
-4 -2 0

% operations can also be done element wise by using . operators

M1.*M3

ans = 2×3
6 14 24
32 35 36

M1./M3

ans = 2×3
0.1667 0.2857 0.3750
0.5000 0.7143 1.0000

% matrices can also be squarerooted, and have exponents

sqrt(M1) % finds square root of each element

ans = 2×3
1.0000 1.4142 1.7321
2.0000 2.2361 2.4495

(M1).^2 % squares each element

ans = 2×3
1 4 9
16 25 36

Other Array Creation Methods

% additionally matrices can be made using specific key words


% Typically in the form keyword(r,c) where r and c are the desired number of
% rows and columns. Examples are highlighted below

zeros(3,2) %creates 2x2 matrix of all zeros


rand(3,3) %creates 3x3 matrix of randomly generated numbers
ones(2,2) %creates 1x2 matrix of all ones
% There are ways to create specific 1 row matrices/arrays(also called row vectors)
% using specialized operators.

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% to create an array that has entries with a specific
% : is used, for example

1 : 2 : 10 % creates a 1x5 array starting with 1 with a difference of 2 between elements upto a

ans = 1×5
1 3 5 7 9

% general format is; starting value : interval distance : max value


% the operator linspace can also be used

linspace(2,0.5,4) % creates an array with 4 elements, starting value of 2 end value of 0.5

ans = 1×4
2.0000 1.5000 1.0000 0.5000

% general format of linspace operator;


% linspace(starting value, end value, number of entries)

Indexing and Obtaining values

%maximun and minimum values in a array can be found using min and
%max operators. Consider array V

V = [ 44 54 23 1 67]

V = 1×5
44 54 23 1 67

max(V)

ans = 67

min(V)

ans = 1

% There are two ways to index and array/matrix. Consider P

P = [ 1 2 3 ; 5 6 7 ; 9 10 11 ] % a 3x3 matrix

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P = 3×3
1 2 3
5 6 7
9 10 11

% method 1; specifying row and column

P(3,2)

ans = 10

% method 2; using single subscript that goes down from first element of
% leftmost column called linear indexing

P(6)

ans = 10

% if you specify an element to be in a position outside the original matrix


% bounds, the matrix will resize to adjust itself.

P(4,4) = 16

P = 4×4
1 2 3 0
5 6 7 0
9 10 11 0
0 0 0 16

% to refer to multiple elements use a : to specify from which position.

P(1:3,2) % shows the first three elements in the second column

ans = 3×1
2
6
10

P(1,2:3) % shows the last two elements in row 1

ans = 1×2
2 3

% a : alone in the place of a row or column yields all the elements of that
% row/column, for example P(:,:) yeilds the original matrix.

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