Chapter -1

Entrepreneurship

Topics to Study

• Entrepreneurship and society.

• Qualities and functions of an entrepreneur.
• Role and importance of an entrepreneur.
• The myth about entrepreneurship.
• Entrepreneurship as a career option.

Entrepreneur means the person who provides a service to society. In easy words, you can say that
entrepreneurs are the businessman, this does not mean only big businessmen, an entrepreneur can be a small
businessman too. Their new idea of a product makes them different from the rest people. Here you will learn the
qualities of an entrepreneur, his importance and role. Entrepreneur can be a career option for you. Unit 4:
Entrepreneurial Skills of employability Skills class 10 provides you the complete knowledge to become an
entrepreneur.

What qualities are required for successful entrepreneurs?

• They are confident, they believe in themselves and their abilities.

• They keep trying new ideas in their business.
• They are creative and think differently about business ideas.
• They do not give up when they face difficulty.
• They make decisions after thinking about them.
• They are patient.
• They take responsibility for their actions.
• They work hard.

What do entrepreneurs do when they run their business (Entrepreneurship and society)
a. Fulfill Customer Needs – A product or service that people want is referred to as demand. Entrepreneurs
discover what people desire. Then students use their imaginations to come up with a business plan to address
that demand.
b. Use Local Materials – Entrepreneurs produce low-cost items by using the materials and people available to
them.
c. Help Society – Entrepreneurs have a good interaction with the public. They gain money by doing things that
help society. Some businesspeople donate money to create schools and clinics, while others work to save the
environment.
d. Create Jobs – They buy more material, and from more people. They also hire more people to work for them.
In this way, more people have jobs.
e. Sharing of Wealth – Wealth means having enough money to live a comfortable life. As entrepreneurs grow
their business.
f. Lower Price of Products – The price of a product decreases when more entrepreneurs sell the same thing. In
India, for example, as more mobile phones were sold, the cost of the phone decreased.
Qualities and functions of an entrepreneur
• I believe in myself and what I can do. I am confident.
• I think of different ways to solve a problem. I am creative.
• I work hard on every task.
• Problems take time to get solved. I am patient about solving them.
• I take responsibility for my actions and mistakes.
• I do not give up when I face a problem.
• I keep trying new ideas.
• I think before I decide.

What are the misconceptions of Entrepreneurship?

• It is a common misconception that every company idea must be unique or exceptional.

• A person needs a lot of money to start a business.
• Entrepreneurs are born, not made.
• A person having a big business is an entrepreneur.

What is wage employment?

Wage management is based on work grades and performance parameters. Wage management’s goal is to take
reward and give high performance standards in the business.

The wage management does not take too much risk, but entrepreneurs have to take risks.

Difference between Self- employment & Wage employment?

a. Self- Employment – An entrepreneur is a self-employed individual who runs a business to meet a need by
experimenting with new ideas.
i. Enter – When an entrepreneur first starts business, they are simply getting their feet wet in the
business world.
ii. Survive – There are a lot of entrepreneurs around nowadays. In a competitive market, the
entrepreneur must remain competitive.
iii. Grow – An entrepreneur considers growing his or her business once it has reached a certain level
of stability.
b. Wage Employment – Wage management is based on work grades and performance parameters.
 Chapter-2

Communication Skills

Topics to Study

• Parts and elements of communication

• Methods of communication
• Verbal and non -verbal communication
• Communication cycle and importance of feedback
• Barriers to effective communication

Three important parts of communication–

Transmitting: The sender transmits/sends the message using a medium.

Listening: The receiver listens or understands the message that the sender sent.
Feedback: The receiver conveys/replies to their understanding of the message to the sender in the form of
feedback, this completes the communication cycle.

various elements of the communication cycle–

• Sender: the person who initiates the communication.

• Message: the information that the sender transmits.
• Channel: the medium by which the information is sent.
• Receiver: the person who receives the message.
• Feedback: The message that the receiver conveys/replies to their understanding of the message to the
sender.
Methods of communication–
• Face to Face communication
• E-mails
• Posters
• Business meetings
• and other methods.

Verbal Communication.

• Words spoken or written.

• Typically constitutes about 7% of the overall communication.
• This includes the actual content of the message, such as what is said or written.

Types of verbal communication–

• Interpersonal Communication: This is a one-on-one conversation between two persons, it can be

formal or informal.
 • Written Communication: As the name suggests, this is a written form of communication. It can be
letters, posters, emails, SMS, social media chats, etc. This type of communication can be between two or
more people.
• Small-Group Communication: This type of communication takes place when there are more than two
people involved. Each participant can interact and converse with the rest.
• Public Communication: This type of communication takes place when one individual address a large
gathering.

The advantage of verbal communication– It is an easy mode of communication in which you can exchange
ideas by saying what you want and get a quick response. Verbal communication also enables you to keep
changing your interaction as per the other person’s response.

Disadvantages of verbal communication– Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken words,
sometimes the meanings can be confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used.

Non-verbal Communication.

• Body language, facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, posture, and other non-verbal cues.
• Contributes significantly to the overall communication, often cited as around 93%.
• Non-verbal cues provide context, emotion, and additional meaning to the verbal message.

The Various type of Non-Verbal Communication- Gestures, Expressions, and Body language.

Visual Communication- It involves interchanging messages only through images or pictures and therefore, you
do not need to know any language for understanding it.

Communication Cycle and the Importance of Feedback.

Types of Feedback– Positive Feedback, Negative Feedback, and No Feedback.

Importance of Feedback- It validates effective listening, motivates the sender, boosts learning and improves
performance.

Barriers to Effective Communication.

Types of Barriers to Effective Communication– Physical Barrier, Linguistic Barriers, Interpersonal Barrier,
and Organizational Barrier.

Ways to overcome barriers to effective communication–

• Use simple language.
• Do not form assumptions on culture, religion, or geography.
• Use visuals.
• Take the help of a translator to overcome differences in language.
• Take the help of a translator to overcome differences in language.
• Be respectful of other’s opinions.
 Chapter-3
Self- Management Skills
Topics to Study

1 Stress Management
2 Self-Awareness
3 Self-Motivation
4 Self-Regulation — Goal Setting
5 Self-Regulation — Time Management

ABC of stress management –

A: Adversity or the stressful event
B: Beliefs or the way you respond to the event
C: Consequences or actions and outcomes of the event

Three Steps to manage stress –

1. Be aware that you are stressed.
2. Identify the cause of your stress.
3. Apply stress management techniques.
Stress management techniques

• Time management
• Physical exercise and fresh air
• Healthy Diet
• Proper Sleep
• Mindfulness
• Friends and family
• Pursuing a hobby

Ability to Work Independently

If you can become a calm and relaxed person, you will have the ability to work independently, which means –

• Becoming self-aware, self-monitoring, and self-correcting.

• Knowing what you need to do.
• Taking initiative for the work rather than being told what to do.
• Accepting your mistakes and not blaming others.
• Having the ability and the will to learn continuously.

Following are the benefits of working independently.

1. Ensures greater learning.

2. Individuals feel more empowered and responsible.
3. It provides flexibility to choose and define working hours and working mechanisms.
 4. Failure and success of the task assigned are accounted by individuals.
5. Individuals become assets to organizations, groups, and nations at large.
6. It ensures creativity and satisfaction amongst individuals.
Ability to work independently can be enhanced by being self-aware, self-motivated, and self-regulated.

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of
others.

Emotional awareness: the ability to identify and name one’s own emotions.
Harnessing emotions: the ability to harness and apply emotions to tasks like thinking and problem solving.
Managing emotions: the ability to regulate one’s own emotions when necessary and help others to do the
same.
Some steps to manage emotional intelligence are as given below.
• Understand your emotions: Observe your behaviour and note the things you need to work on. You can then
work on the things you need to improve.
• Rationalize: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in your thinking.
• Practice: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm.

Self-Awareness – Strength and Weakness Analysis.

Finding Strengths/Abilities

•Think of any work/task that you are always successful at.

•Think about what other people like in you.
•Think about what you do well.
Finding Weaknesses

• Think about the areas where you struggle and the things you find difficult to do.
• Analyze the feedback others usually give you.
• Be open to feedback and accept your weaknesses without feeling low about it. Take it as an area
of improvement.

Self Motivation.

Self-motivation is the ability to do things that need to be done without someone influencing us.

Types of Motivation

Internal Motivation – We do things because they make us happy, healthy and feel good. For example, when you
perform on your annual day function and you learn something new, such as dancing, singing, etc., you feel
good.

External Motivation – We do things because they give us respect, recognition, and appreciation. For example,
Suresh participated in a 100m race and won a prize. This motivated him to go for practice every morning.
Qualities of Self-motivated People

• Know what they want from life.

• Are focused.
• Know what is important.
• Are dedicated towards fulfilling their dreams.

Building Self-motivation
There are four steps for building self-motivation.

1. Find out your strengths.

2. Set and focus on your goals.
3. Develop a plan to achieve your goals.
4. Stay loyal to your goals.

Self-Regulation – Goal Setting

Goals are a set of dreams with a deadline to achieve them, for example, Completing your science syllabus in 2
days before examination.

How to Set Goals?

We can use SMART method to set goals. SMART stands for:
S- Specific
M- Measurable
A-Achievable
R- Realistic
T- Time Bound

Self-Regulation – Time Management

Four Steps for Effective Time Management
1. Organize
2. Prioritize
3. Control
4. Track

Tips for Practicing the Four Steps for Effective Time Management
• Avoid delay or postponing any planned activity
• Organize your room and school desk
• Develop a ‘NO DISTURBANCE ZONE’, where you can sit and complete important tasks
• Use waiting time productively
• Prepare a ‘To-do’ list
• Prioritize
• Replace useless activities with productive activities.
 Chapter-4
Green Skills

Topics to Study

• Sustainable development
• Our role in sustainable development

Development that meets the need of the present without compromising on the needs of the future generations.

Importance of Sustainable Development.

1. Fulfills the needs of people.

2. Conserves natural resources.
3. Helps in Coordination between natural resources and people.
4. Also considers saving resources for future generations.
Problems Related to Sustainable Development

(a) Food: The amount of rich, fertile land needed to grow crops, such as wheat, rice, etc., is becoming less as we
are using up more and more land for other purposes. Soil nutrients are also getting depleted and lots of
chemicals are spoiling the soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers.

(b) Water: We use freshwater from rivers and ponds or drinking and cleaning but dump garbage into them. The
rivers and ponds are getting polluted. This way after several years, we will have no clean water for our use.

(c) Fuel: We are using a lot of wood from trees as fuels and for the construction of homes and furniture. As
more and more trees are being cut, it is affecting the climate of the place. Extreme weather conditions, such as
floods, extreme cold, or heat, are seen in many places, which affect the people living there.

Sustainable development includes:

• Reducing excessive use of resources and enhancing resource

conservation.
• Recycling and reuse of waste materials.
• Scientific management of renewable resources, especially bio-
resources.
• Planting more trees.
• Using more environment friendly material or biodegradable material.
•
Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call of action to end poverty, protect the planet, and
ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. Some of these issues are poverty, gender equality, water use,
energy, climate change, and biodiversity.

Sustainable Processes Some practices, such as organic farming, vermicomposting and

rainwater harvesting is being used to help preserve the environment.
Our Role in Sustainable Development

Natural resources are limited and with time they will get over and if we do not do anything about it, our future
generations will not be able to survive.

Here are some basic ways in which people can help towards Sustainable Development Goals.

• Quality Education – Children who have gone to school will be able to do jobs so that they can take care
of themselves and their families. We should take our friends to school, help friends study, stop friends
from dropping out of school.

• Clean Water and Sanitation – We must make efforts to make India free of open defecation by building
toilets and creating awareness towards sanitation. We must take measurable steps by promoting
awareness to keep water sources clean.

• Affordable and Clean Energy Using solar power i.e., power generated using the sun does not cause
pollution as it does not require the burning of non-renewable fuels, such as coal. The use of biogas is
also an eco-friendly alternative to natural gas.