DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, EAST OF LONI ROAD DELHI-93

HOLIDAYS HOME WORK (2024-25)

CLASS-XII(COMMERCE)
ENGLISH
Q1 Prepare a project on one of the following Topics :

a. Linguistic Chauvinism and Procrastination in „The Last Lesson‟

b. Grinding Poverty and life condemned to Exploitation in „Lost Spring‟
c. Intersection of Time and Space and a glimpse of Modern World Realities in „The Third Level‟
d. Complex Subtleties of Human Relations in „My Mother at Sixty Six‟
e. „The battle with fear‟ in „Deep Water‟
f. „War and Peace‟ in „Keeping Quiet‟
Q2 Practise Notice Writing in the English Notebook.

Q3 Revise the topics done in the class.

ECONOMICS

1. Project work as per the CBSE Assessment criteria, A project weightage of 20 marks will be taken
by every student. Student should select the topic and search material on the topic.

2. Students are required to keep themselves updated with the happenings all around the Economic front
so they need to maintain a notebook where they can maintain the important news related to the
economics world.

3. Revise all the syllabus which has been covered .

4. Election time on, So lets analyse the ECONOMICS OF ELECTIONS .Go through the given below
articles and summarise it into your words

 https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2024/5/8/a-new-election-debate-should-india-take-from-
the-rich-give-to-the-poor

 https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/how-the-worlds-record-share-of-elections-
ripple.html

 https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/deep-dive/story/the-economics-of-election-freebies-
410621-2023-12-23

 https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/rs-1-4-lakh-crore-the-cost-
parties-are-paying-to-woo-voters-in-the-worlds-biggest-elections/articleshow/110196142.cms

MATHEMATICS

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Do the following activities in lab manual file
 To draw the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥, using the graph of sin 𝑥 and demonstrate the concept of mirror
reflection(about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥)
 To find the analytically the limit of a function 𝑓 (𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑐 and also to check the continuity of the
function at that point.
 To understand the concepts of decreasing and increasing functions.

Complete the following worksheet:

Q1. How many equivalence relations on the set {1,2,3} containing (1,2) and (2,1) are there in all ? Justify
your answer.
Q2. Let A= 1,2,3,4 . Let R be the equivalence relation on AA defined by a,bRc,d iff a+d = b+c Find
the equivalence class [(1,3)]
Q3. Define the relation R in the set 𝑁 × 𝑁 as follows: For (a, b), (c, d) ∈𝑁 × 𝑁, (a, b) R (c, d) iff ad = bc.
Prove that R is an equivalence relation in 𝑁 × 𝑁.
Q4. Given a non-empty set X, define the relation R in P(X) as follows: For A, B ∈ (𝑋), (𝐴, 𝐵) ∈𝑅 iff 𝐴⊂𝐵.
Prove that R is reflexive, transitive and not symmetric.
Q5. Let R be the relation in the set Z of integers given by R = {(a, b) : 2 divides a – b}.Show that the
relation R transitive? Write the equivalence class [0].
2𝑥+3
Q6. Let 𝑓:A → B be a function defined as 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 −3 where A = R − {3}and B = R − {2}. Is the
function f one –one and onto?
Q7. A relation R in set A = {1,2,3} is defined as R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3)}. Which of the following
ordered pair in R shall be removed to make it an equivalence relation in A?
Q8. Let the relation R in the set A = {x ∈Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is a multiple of 4}.
Then [1], the equivalence class containing 1, is:
a) {1, 5, 9} b) {0, 1, 2, 5} c) 𝜙 d) A
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Q9. The function 𝑓: R⟶R defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is:
a) One-on but not onto b) Not one-one but onto
c) Neither one-one nor onto d) One-one and onto
Q10. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let 𝑓 = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. Based
on the given information, 𝑓 is best defined as:
a) Surjective function b) Injective function c) Bijective function d)
neither injective nor surjective
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Q11. Construct a 34 matrix, whose elements are given by aij=  3i  j .
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 2  2  4
Q12. Express the matrix A=  1 3 4  as the sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix.
 1  2  3
2 0 1
Q13. Let f(x) = x – 5x + 6. Find f(A) If A = 2 1 3
2

1  1 0
0 2 y z 
Q14. Find the values of x, y, z if the matrix A =  x y  z  satisfy the equationAA = I3
 x  y z 

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 1
 1  tan / 2  1 tan  / 2  cos  sin  
tan / 2   tan  / 2   
Q15. Show that :  1  1  =  sin  cos 
Q16. A matrix X has a + b rows and a + 2 columns while the matrix Y has b + 1 rows and a + 3 columns.
Both matrices XY and YX exist. Find a and b. Can you say XY and YX are of the same type? Are they
equal.
Q17. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that 𝐴2= 2𝐴, then find the value of |A|.
Q18. Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation
2 1  3 2  1 0
3 2  5  3 0 1
 A  =  

Case study
Q19. Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of
the playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows
of the saplings along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4. Let L be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and
R be a relation on L.
Answer the following using the above information.
1. Let relation R be defined by R = {(𝐿1, 𝐿2): 𝐿1║𝐿2 where L1,L2 € L} then R is______ relation
a. Equivalence b. Only reflexive
c. Not reflexive d. Symmetric but not transitive
2. Let R = { (𝐿1, 𝐿2) ∶𝐿1┴𝐿2 where L1, L2 € L } which of the following is true?
a. R is Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
b. R is Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
c. R is Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
d. R is an Equivalence relation
3. The function f: R→R defined by (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4 is___________
a. Bijective
b. Surjective but not injective
c. Injective but not Surjective
d. Neither Surjective nor Injective
4. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4. Then the range of (𝑥) is ________
a. R b. Z c. W d. Q
5. Let R = {(L 1 , L 2 ) : L 1 is parallel to L 2 and L 1 : y = x – 4} then which of the following can be taken as
L2?
a. 2x-2y+5=0
b. 2x+y=5
c. 2x + 2y + 7 =0
d. x+y=7

Q20. Two farmers Ramakishan and Gurucharan Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice namely Basmati,
Permal and Naura. The sale (in rupees) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of
September and October are given by the following matrices A and B

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 1. The total sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety can be represented as
a. A+B b. A-B c. A>𝐵 d. A<B
2. What is the value of 𝐴23?
a. 10000 b. 20000 c. 30000 d. 40000
3. The decrease in sales from September to October is given by _______ .
a. A+B b. A-B c. A>𝐵 d. A<B
4.IfRamkishan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each variety sold in October.
a. Rs. 100, Rs. 200 and Rs. 120
b. Rs. 100, Rs. 200 and Rs. 130
c. Rs. 100, Rs. 220 and Rs. 120
d. Rs. 110, Rs. 200 and Rs. 120
5. If Gurucharan receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute his profit for each variety sold in September
a. Rs. 100, Rs. 200, Rs. 120
b. Rs. 1000 , Rs. 600, Rs. 200
c. Rs. 400, Rs. 200, Rs. 120
d. Rs. 1200, Rs. 200, Rs. 120

ACCOUNTANCY
A . DO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN SEPARATE REGISTER PRACTICE CHAPTER 1-3 FROM
SCANNER .( GIVEN AT THE END OF THE BOOK OF T.S. GREWAL.)
B. PROJECT WORK AS PER C.B.S.E. GUIDELINES DO A SPECIFIC PROJECT AS DISCUSSED IN THE
CLASS

1. ACCOUNTING RATIOS
2. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
There has to be a cumulative project covering both these tools of Analysis.
Also, study an organisation in context to above.

BUSINESS STUDIES
DRAFT THE PROJECT ON THE TOPICS DISCUSSED IN THE CLASS.
DO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN SEPARATE REGISTER.
CH 1- NATURE AN SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT
1. Mita has a successful ice cream business at Bikaner, namely “Smartflavours”. Her ice creams are utterly
delicious . She makes ice creams from fresh milk and the same are available in a wide range of flavours and
packs . She sets viable business objectives and works with the same in mind in order to ensure that the
customers will come back for purchasing.
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Having the first mover advantage, her business was doing well. To earn higher profits , she started cutting down
costs. This would sometimes lead to delay in delivery and the ice cream was not reaching the market in time.
Over a period of time , the demand for her ice cream declined and because of it the competitors entered the
market . She lost some of her market share to competitors.
At the beginning of summer season, she got back to back orders for supply of 4000 ice cream packs of different
flavours for special occasions. To ensure that the task was competed and orders delivered in time she hired
additional workers. She was, thus able to produce and deliver the ice cream packs but at a high production cost.
While completing activities and finishing the given task for achieving goals, Mita realise that she was ignoring
one of the important aspects of management.
Identify the aspects of management that has been ignored by Mita. Also explain the same with the help of an
example.

0. Name the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve organizational objectives
by efficiently using its limited resources in the changing environment.
0. “Management consists of an on-going series of functions.” Which characteristic of management is
highlighted by this statement?
0. „An organization must change itself and its goal according to the needs of the environment.‟ Which
characteristic of management is highlighted in this statement?
0. Management has its own theory and principles, vocabulary of terms and concepts. Which feature of
science is justified by management here?
0. Principles of management are not exact as the principles of science and they have to be modified
according to a given situation. Which feature of science is not applicable in this statement?
0. R.N. Vijay is the chairman of Teaching Point Tutorials (P) Ltd. Name the managerial level at which
he is working. State any four functions he will perform as chairman in this company.
0. Name the levels of management engaged in following functions:
. Overseeing the activities of the workers.
a. Taking key decisions.
b. Liaison with workers.
c. Selection of employees of a department.
d. Give performance report to top management.
e. Recruitment of casual laborers.
0. “Finding the right people for the right job at right time” is one of the functions of management. Name
the function.
0. . “Guiding, instructing and motivating people to perform the task assigned to them” is one of the
important functions of management. Name the function.
0. What distinguishes a successful manager from a less successful one is the ability to put the given
principles into practice in a unique way”. Name and explain feature of Art is justified by management
here?
0. “Effectiveness and Efficiency are two sides of same coin which need to be balanced in management
decision”. Explain this statement with help of an example.
0. Kaya Ltd wants to modify its existing product personal computers in the market due to decreasing
sales. What decision or steps each level of management will take to give effect to this decision.
0. Give one example of being effective and ignoring efficiency.
0. “Lack of proper management results in wastage of time, money and efforts and non achievement of
objectives”. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons in support of your answer.
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 0. “Management is a trinity of an art, science and profession.” In the light of this statement explain the
nature of management.

CHAPTER -2
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
PART A

1. In a school principal makes sure that every instruction, order and information given by him must be passed to
vice principal then head of the department and then to teachers and students must be informed by respective
teachers only. He never allows teachers to directly communicate with him.
. State the principle of Henry fayol followed by the school principal.
a. In case of emergency which concept of scalar chain can be used by teachers to pass urgent message directly to
the principal.
0. Mr. Rajiv is the senior manager of unique enterprise considered himself very wise and used to take all
the decisions himself without consulting the employees, he never used to help anyone nor he used to take help
of any one. The employees of unique enterprise were not working efficiently and company‟s profits margin
stated declining to tackle the problems, the company appointed a new manger from IIM Bangalore. The new
manager after joining made a policy that all the decisions will be taken after consulting employees in the
meeting. All employees must give some suggestions and best suggestions will be rewarded with financial and
non financial incentives. This policy had a very positive impact on the company.
State and explain the principle of Henry Fayol used by new manager.
0. Mr. Rajiv is the owner of laxmi diary. He is producing various milk products. He always tests various
ways of producing different products and chooses the best and most economical way of production. He is also
very particular about fixing a place for everything and he makes sure that all the employees are given a fixed
place so that there is no wastage of time and delay in production.
. Which techniques of scientific management are applied by Mr. Rajiv?
a. Which principle of Henry Fayol is followed by him?
0. The manager of ABC limited asked his workers to work overtime to increase the production and earn
more but he did not paid extra wages for workers for extra time worked. The workers started feeling dissatisfied
and stop contributing maximum.
. Which principle of Fayol is violated in the above case?
a. EXPLAIN THAT PRINCIPLE.
0. Mr. Kapoor, finance manager of ABC limited, applied for leave to attend a family function in
Amritsar. The director of the company requested him to cancel his leave as there is an important meeting
schedule on that date. Mr. Kapoor immediately agreed and cancels his trip as he thought attending meeting is
more important for company‟s benefits.
. Which principle of Fayol is applied by Mr. Kapoor?
A. Explain that principle.
0. Mr. Mukesh used to manufacture shoes by employing labor who was easily available. Where his son
after completing his MBA joined the business, he analyzed that if we use capital intensive method by using a
machine it will reduce the cost and the quality of shoes will also improve.
. Which technique of scientific management is used by his son?
A. What is the objective of that technique?
0. In a factory the toolbox was kept under the table of every worker, whenever workers needs tools he
had to bend tape out tool box and keep it back after use. The newly appointed supervisor observed it and
suggested to keep a stool near every worker‟s chain where toolbox can be placed so that workers do not waste
their energy in bending again and again.
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 . Which technique of scientific management is used new supervisors?
a. State the objective of motion study.
0. One of the principles of scientific management emphasizes to make the employee efficient, by
training the workers. It further insists that each employee must be selected scientifically and work assigned to
employees should suit their physical, mental and intellectual capabilities.
. Name and explain the principle of scientific management involved in the above case?
0. The management and the workers have entered into an agreement that workers will do overtime to
cover-up losses of the company. In return the manager will increase the wages but management later refused to
increase the wages.
. Name the principle related to above situation.

0. In one of the principle of scientific management, Taylor emphasize that there should be equal division
of the work and responsibility between workers and management. Management should work almost side by side
with workers helping them.
Identify the principle
State any other two scientific principles.
0. In one of the principles, Taylor suggested that job performance should be based on scientific enquiry
and not on will or wish of managers.
. Name the principle.
0. In your school, you observed that the books are kept in office, chalks in the library and administrative
files in the staff room:
. Which principle of Fayol is violated in this?
a. As a manager what steps will you take to rectify the situation?
0. Tina and Anshu completed their MBA and started working in a multinational company at the same
level. Both are working hard. Anshu has the habit of backbiting and wrong reporting about his colleagues to
impress the boss. All the employees in the organization know about it. At the time of performance appraisal also
Tina‟s performance was rated better than Anshu. Even then their boss decided to promote Anshu stating that
being a Female, Tina will not be able to handle the complications of higher post.
. Identify and explain the principle of management not followed in the above case.
14. Principles of Taylor and fayol are mutually complementary. One believed that the management should
share the gain with the workers while the other suggested that employee‟s compensation should depend upon
the earning capacity of the company and should give them a reasonable standard of living .Identify and explain
the principles of management by Taylor and fayol referred to in Para?
15. A manager should have the right to punish a subordinate for willfully not obeying a legitimate order but
only after sufficient opportunity has been given to his /her case. Identify the principle of management
highlighted here.
16. Fayol insists that good sense and experience are needed to ensure fairness to all employees who should be
treated as fairly as possible .Identify the principle of management.
17. Voltech Ltd. Is engaged in producing electricity from domestic garbage. There is almost equal division of
work and responsibility between workers and management. The management even takes workers into
confidence before taking important decisions. All the workers are satisfied as the behavior of management is
good.
State and explain briefly the principles of management described in above Para.

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 18. 90% staff of” work well ltd”. Consists of male employees. The female employees are employed for very
basic jobs like receptionists etc. The management is of opinion that female employees cannot contribute at par
with male employees. They pay much lesser salaries to female staff despite the fact that they work for same
number of hours
a) Name the principle of management that is being violated here.
19. Production manager of Beta Ltd.took special care of the interest and ability of his subordinates while
distributing work among them. He was of the firm opinion that a worker should be given one work again and
again so that he may become expert in it. One day he took round of his department and noticed that workers
were not doing their job quickly. On enquiry, he learnt that the workers worked nonstop which main cause of
their slow speed. He immediately issued an order that during their working hours, the workers will have an
interval to take rest.
a) State the principle of management followed here? Explain.
b) Which technique of scientific management is indicated in above Para? Give reason.
20. Beena, a student of management, likes to relate what she learnt in class to real life situations. She observed
many situations while watching educational programme on television that remind her concept of scientific
management. In one such programme, factories manufacturing parts for products like automobiles, computers
and mobile phones were being telecast. Name the techniques of scientific management that should be
adhere to, while manufacturing parts for such products.
CHAPTER -3
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
1. It is the process by which government control over the industry is being loosened. Give the term to which this
statement is trying to indicate.
2. Which process aims at giving greater role to the private sector role to the public sector?
3. The court passed an order to ban polythene bags as
. These bags are creating many environmental problems which affect the life of people in general.
ii. Society in general is more concerned about quality of life.
Identify the different dimensions of Business Environment by quoting the lines from the above particulars and
also state any two values communicated to the society.Mr. Ajay after completing MBA from USA comes to
India to start a new business under the banner Ecom Creations Ltd. He launches a new product in e-learning for
Senior Secondary School students in Commerce stream, which already has an established market in UK and
USA but not in India. His business starts flourishing in India. Now more Indian companies entered into the
market with other subjects also. Identify and quote the lines from above Para which highlight the significance of
understanding business environment.

Q2 Mahinder Agro Ltd. Started a new venture for distribution of harmful and chemical free fertilizers
vegetables. They conducted a survey to find out consumer preferences for such vegetables. They found that
most of the consumers were concerned about the harmful chemicals being used in growing the vegetables.
They found out that 90% of the households were searching for alternatives. The company contacted a group of
agricultural experts to lay down the procedure for growing the vegetables by the farmers. They decided to train
the farmers in new technology to grow chemical free vegetables according to new innovative methods, The
experts also suggested soil management techniques through which farmers would be able to create an abundant
and lasting harvest. Identify and explain the two dimensions of business environment highlighted in the above
para.

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