Ch-1.

Computer System & Organisa on

Mul ple choice ques ons:

1. Which of the following components is the main memory of computer?

Ans: RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. Which components of a computer connects the processor to the other hardware?
Ans: System Bus
3. Which of the following is referred to the train of computer?
Ans: Processor
4. What is the name of program that control the computer system?
Ans: So ware
5. The physical components of a computer is called……….
Ans: Hardware
6. Which of the following is the common measurement of unit of computer memory?
Ans: Byte
7. What is the name of components that used both read and write data?
Ans: Hard Drive
8. CPU is also knows as …………..
Ans: All of these
9. Which smaller unit of the CPU directs the coordinates all ac vi es within it and
determines the sequence in which instruc on are executed, sending instruc ons sequence to other smaller unit?
Ans: CU
10. Which smaller unit of the CPU performs all arithme c and logic func ons in a computer
Ans: ALU
11. Components of a CPU which is responsible for comparing the contents of two pieces of data is, known as
Ans: ALU
12. In a computer, CU Stands for .
Ans: Control Unit
13. Arithme c and logic unit along with control unit of a computer combined into a single unit, is known as .
Ans: Central Processing Unit
14. Word processor and desktop Publishing program are the example of …………….
Ans: So ware
15. Opera ng system is and example of …………
Ans: System So ware
16. An disk fragments is an example of …………
Ans: U lity Program
17. Flash memory and Blu Ray disk are the examples of …………..
Ans: None of these
18. Flash memory is a type of ………………. Memory.
Ans: Secondary Storage
19. Which of the following memory types will store the data or informa on permanently?
Ans: Hard Disk
20. Which of the following memory types cannot store the data or informa on permanently?
Ans: RAM

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Architecture refers to the structure of a computer describing their interconnec ons and dependency.
2. RAM and ROM are the Primary type of memory.
3. The ALU responsible for carrying out arithme c and logic opera ons.
 4. The Control Unit of the CPU controls or supervises the processing taking places.
5. The small memory providing units inside the CPU are called the Register.
6. The Cache Memory is a special high-speed memory storing the most recently accessed data.
7. The power unit of the mobile system is called Ba ery.
8. The set of programs necessary to carry out opera ons/takes pertaining to a specific applica on, are called
Applica on So ware.
9. So ware that controls and manages internal computer opera ons is called
System So ware.
10. U lity program is the type of System So ware.
11. An virus so ware is the type of U lity So ware.
12. Windows OS is a type of System So ware.

True or False Ques ons

1. A computer system consists of both hardware and so ware. [True]

2. Hardware is a set of instruc ons called programs that the computer uses to carry out task while so ware are all
the parts of the computer you can see and touch, also knows as peripherals.
[False]
3. The two smaller units of the processor are CU and ALU. [True]
4. Main memory holds data and instruc ons being processed by the computer and is directly accessible by the
CPU. [True]
5. A mobile system also contains a CPU. [True]
6. A mobile system works with electricity. [False]
7. A mobile system has its own li le power unit. [True]
8. A cache memory is type of RAM. [True]
9. Language processor is a type of applica on so ware. [False]
10. Customized so ware is a type of system so ware. [False]

1. Briefly explain the basic architecture of a computer.

Ans:
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the brain of the computer, responsible for execu ng instruc ons. It includes
two key units:
Arithme c Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithme c and logical opera ons.
Control Unit (CU): Directs and coordinates the opera ons of the computer, managing the execu on of instruc ons.
RAM (Random Access Memory): Vola le memory used for temporary data storage while the computer . is
running.
ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-vola le memory containing essen al instruc ons for boo ng up the computer.
Input/Output (I/O) Devices:
Input Devices: Allow users to input data (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
Output Devices: Display or output data (e.g., monitor, printer).
Motherboard: The main circuit board connec ng all components, enabling communica on between them.
These basic architecture allows the computer to process data, perform calcula ons, store informa on, and interact with
users and other devices.

2. What do you understand by input unit? What is its significance? What does computer input consist of?
Ans: Input Unit
The input unit is the part of a computer system that receives data and instruc ons from external sources, allowing the
computer to process and respond to informa on.
Significance
It is crucial for enabling communica on between the user and the computer, providing the necessary data and
commands for opera ons.
Computer Input Components
i. Data: Informa on such as text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
ii. Instruc ons: Commands or programs that direct the computer on how to process data.

3. What is the func on of CPU in a computer system? What are its subunits?
Ans: The Central Processing Unit (CPU), o en referred to as the brain of the computer, is responsible for execu ng
instruc ons from programs by performing basic arithme c, logical, control, and input/output opera ons. Its primary
func ons include:
i. Execu ng Instruc ons: The CPU interprets and processes instruc ons from so ware applica ons and the
opera ng system.
ii. Performing Calcula ons: It performs mathema cal opera ons and logical comparisons.
iii. Control: The CPU manages and coordinates the ac vi es of all other hardware components by sending control
signals.
Subunits of the CPU are: ALU, CU and Registers.

4. What func ons are performed by the control unit? Can we call it the control center of computer system? Why?
Ans: Func ons of the Control Unit
i. Fetches instruc ons from memory.
ii. Decodes and interprets instruc ons.
iii. Executes instruc ons by direc ng opera ons.
iv. Manages data movement between components.
v. Generates control signals for coordina on.
Control Center Role
The Control Unit is considered the control center of the computer system because it manages and coordinates all
hardware ac vi es, ensuring proper execu on of tasks and smooth opera on.

5. What func ons are performed by the ALU? Is it an independent unit? If not, which unit does ALU work in coordina on
with?
Ans: Func ons of the ALU
i. Arithme c Opera ons: Performs basic mathema cal calcula ons like addi on, subtrac on, mul plica on, and
division.
ii. Logical Opera ons: Handles logical opera ons such as comparisons, AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.
Independence and Coordina on
The ALU is not an independent unit; it works in coordina on with the Control Unit (CU). The CU directs the ALU on what
opera ons to perform based on the instruc ons fetched from memory.

6. Dis nguish between CPU and ALU.

Ans: ALU is a specialized component within the CPU that focuses on computa on and logic, while the CPU encompasses
. the en re processing framework, including control and data management.
7. What is the func on of output unit in a computer system? Give examples of some output devices.
Ans: The output unit converts processed data from the computer into a human-readable or usable form.
Examples:
i. Monitor: Displays visual informa on.
ii. Printer: Produces printed documents.
iii. Speakers: Output sound.
iv. Projector: Projects images/videos onto a screen.
v. Headphones: Provide audio output directly to the user.

8. What role does memory play in the func oning of computer system?
Ans: Memory plays a crucial role in a computer system by storing data and instruc ons needed for processing. It serves
the following func ons:
i. Data Storage: Stores data temporarily (RAM) or permanently (ROM, hard drives).
ii. Instruc on Storage: Holds the instruc ons for the CPU to execute.
iii. Data Access: Provides quick access to data and instruc ons, enabling efficient processing.
iv. Program Execu on: Supports the running of programs by holding them and their data in memory.

9. Define each of the following:

v. Byte: A unit of digital informa on that typically consists of 8 bits.

vi. Kilobyte: Equals 1,024 bytes, used to measure small amounts of data.
vii. Megabyte: Equals 1,024 kilobytes or about 1 million bytes, commonly used for measuring file sizes and storage.
viii.Gigabyte: Equals 1,024 megabytes or about 1 billion bytes, used for measuring larger files and storage
capaci es.
ix. Terabyte: Equals 1,024 gigabytes or about 1 trillion bytes, used for measuring large storage capaci es.

10. What is the meaning of the term vola le primary memory? What can be done to overcome the problems of
vola lity?
Ans: It is type of computer memory that requires power to maintain stored informa on. When the computer is
turned off, all data stored in vola le memory is lost. To overcome the problem of vola lity, data that needs to be
retained even a er the computer is turned off should be saved to non-vola le storage devices such as: SSD, HDD,
External Storage Devices and Cloud Storage.

11. Dis nguish between internal and external memory.

Ans: Internal Memory
i. Defini on: Memory located within the computer's main system unit or motherboard.
ii. Types: Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
iii. Purpose: RAM is used for temporarily storing data and instruc ons that the CPU needs during processing.
ROM holds essen al instruc ons for boo ng and basic system func ons.
iv. Speed: Generally faster than external memory as it is directly connected to the CPU.
v. Capacity: Typically smaller in capacity compared to external storage.

External Memory
i. Defini on: Memory that is not part of the main system unit and is connected externally to the computer.
ii. Types: Includes hard drives, SSDs, USB drives, op cal discs (CDs, DVDs), and memory cards.
iii. Purpose: Used for long-term data storage and backup, allowing users to store large amounts of data and
transport it between devices.
iv. Speed: Slower compared to internal memory, as it relies on external connec ons like USB or SATA interfaces.
v. Capacity: Generally much larger in capacity than internal memory.
12. What is the role of memory in a computer func oning? What types of memory does the computer work
with?
Ans: Memory in a computer stores data and instruc ons needed for processing, enabling the CPU to access
informa on quickly. It plays a cri cal like
i. Storing running program
ii. Data Access and processing
iii. Temporary and permanent storage

13. What are RAM and ROM? How are they alike? How are they different? What are EEROM, PROM and EPROM?
Ans: RAM (Random Access Memory) A type of vola le memory used for temporary storage of data and
instruc ons that the CPU needs while performing tasks.
Func on: Allows read and write opera ons; data is lost when power is turned off.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) It is A type of non-vola le memory that stores essen al instruc ons for boo ng and
basic system func ons.
Func on: Data is permanently wri en during manufacturing and cannot be easily modified or erased; retains
data even when the power is off.
Similari es
Both are types of memory used in computers.
Both store data and instruc ons for the computer to use.
Differences
Vola lity: RAM is vola le (loses data when power is off), while ROM is non-vola le (retains data without power).
Mutability: RAM allows both read and write opera ons, while ROM is typically read-only a er being wri en
ini ally.
Use: RAM is used for temporary storage and fast access during opera on; ROM stores permanent firmware and
system instruc ons.
Types of ROM
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory):
 Can be electrically erased and reprogrammed mul ple mes. Used for storing firmware that can be
updated without removing the chip.
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory):
 Can be programmed once a er manufacturing using a special device. Once programmed, the data
cannot be changed.
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory):
 Can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light and then reprogrammed. Used for applica ons that
require reprogramming, but not as frequently as EEPROM.

14. What is cache memory? How is it useful?

Ans: Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located close to the CPU. It stores frequently accessed data
and instruc ons to speed up processing.
Usefulness:
I. Reduces Latency: Provides quicker access to data compared to main memory (RAM).
II. Increases Speed: Enhances overall system performance by reducing the me the CPU spends wai ng for data.
III. Improves Efficiency: Stores copies of frequently used data, reducing the need to access slower main memory.

15. What are major func onal components of a mobile system?

Ans: The major func onal components of a mobile system include:
Processor (CPU): The brain of the mobile device, responsible for execu ng instruc ons and managing tasks.
Memory:
RAM: Temporary storage for running apps and processes.
Storage: Internal storage (flash memory) for apps, data, and the opera ng system.
 Display: The touchscreen interface for user interac on, typically an LCD or OLED panel.
Ba ery: Provides power to the device, enabling portability.
Opera ng System (OS): The so ware pla orm that manages hardware and so ware resources, such as iOS or
Android.
Communica on Modules:
Cellular (e.g., 4G, 5G): For mobile data and calls.
Wi-Fi: For wireless internet access.
Bluetooth: For short-range wireless communica on.
Camera: Used for taking photos and videos.
Sensors:
Accelerometer: Detects mo on and orienta on.
Gyroscope: Measures rota onal mo on.
Proximity Sensor: Detects objects near the device.
Input/Output Ports: Includes USB, headphone jack, and SIM card slot.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Handles rendering of images, video, and anima ons.
Audio Components: Includes speakers, microphone, and audio processing units

16. What is the role of power management unit in a mobile system?

Ans: It regulates the distribu on of power to various components, ensuring efficient energy use. It manages
ba ery charging, voltage levels, and power consump on to extend ba ery life and prevent overhea ng.

18. What does the communica on processor do?

Ans: The communica on processor in a mobile system handles data transmission and receiving data or signals
from external sources for communica on features. It manages cellular networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other
wireless connec ons, ensuring efficient and reliable data communica on and connec vity.

19. What is the role of applica on processing unit in a mobile system?

Ans: The Applica on Processing Unit (APU) in a mobile system handles the execu on of applica ons and user
interface opera ons. It performs general-purpose compu ng tasks, processes data, runs applica ons, and
manages the overall performance of the device, ensuring smooth user experiences.

20. How does display subsystem of a mobile system work?

Ans: The display subsystem of a mobile system works by conver ng digital signals from the device's processor
into visual output on the screen. It includes the screen (LCD, OLED, etc.), graphics processing unit (GPU), and
display drivers, which together render images, videos, and the user interface for interac on.

21. What are different categories of so ware? Give examples.

Ans: System So ware
Ex: Opera ng systems (Windows, macOS, Linux), device drivers, u li es.
Applica on So ware
Ex: Word processors (Microso Word), web browsers (Google Chrome), media players (VLC Media Player).
Programming So ware
Ex: Compilers (GCC), integrated development environments (IDEs) (Visual Studio, PyCharm).
Middleware
Ex: Database management systems (MySQL), applica on servers (Apache Tomcat).

22. What is system so ware? What role does it play in the func oning of the computer?
Ans: It manages and controls a computer's hardware, providing a pla orm for applica on so ware. It includes the
opera ng system (OS), device drivers, and u li es. Its role is to manage hardware resources, provide a user
interface, and enable the execu on of applica ons.
23. Discuss the role of u lity so ware in the context of computer performance.
Ans: U lity so ware enhances computer performance by performing maintenance and op miza on tasks. It
includes tools for disk cleanup, an virus protec on, file management, and system monitoring. These u li es help
improve system efficiency, protect against malware, and manage resources, ensuring the computer runs smoothly
and efficiently.

24. What is the importance of an OS?

Ans: An Opera ng System (OS) is crucial as it manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and enables
the execu on of applica ons. It acts as a bridge between hardware and so ware, ensuring smooth and efficient
opera on of the computer system.
25. How are so ware libraries useful? Name some so ware libraries of Python.
Ans: So ware libraries provide pre-wri en code and func ons that developers can use to perform common tasks,
saving me and effort in programming.
Python Libraries:
NumPy: For numerical computa ons.
Pandas: For data manipula on and analysis.

26. How is system so ware different from applica on so ware?

Ans: System so ware: manages hardware and provides a pla orm for applica ons, including the opera ng system
and drivers.
Applica on so ware: serves specific user needs, such as word processing or browsing, and runs on top of the
system so ware.

27. What is the u lity of these so ware?

(i) Disk Defragmenter: This u lity reorganizes fragmented data on a hard drive, placing related pieces closer together.
This reduces the me it takes for the system to access files, thereby improving overall performance.
(ii)Backup So ware: This u lity creates copies of data and system files, allowing recovery in case of data loss, hardware
failure, or other emergencies. It ensures that important informa on is not permanently lost.

28. To run your computer system, what types of so ware are necessary? What role does each type play in computer's
func oning?
Ans: To run a computer system, the following types of so ware are necessary:
System So ware:
Opera ng System (OS): Manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and allows applica ons to run.
Device Drivers: Enable the OS to communicate with hardware devices like printers, graphics cards, and
peripherals.
U lity So ware:
U li es: Perform maintenance tasks such as disk cleanup, an virus scanning, and system monitoring, ensuring
the system runs efficiently and securely.
These so ware types collec vely manage and op mize hardware func onality, provide essen al services for
applica on so ware, and maintain system health and performance.

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