Government of Karnataka

DEPARTMENT OF COLLEGIATE AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Government Polytechnic, Karwar

Database System Concepts and

PL/SQL (20CS34P)
REPORT

Student Name : ……………………………………

Register Number : ……………………………………
Course Name : Database System Concepts and PL/SQL
Course Code : 20CS43P
Semester : III SEM
Programme : Computer Science and Engineering

Course Coordinator HOD

Examiner 1: ………………………..
Examiner 2: ...………………………

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2021-22

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Concept Page no
CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF SQL 1
1.1 Introduction to SQL 1
1.2 SQL Commands 1
1.2.1 DDL Commands 2
1.2.2 DML Commands 6
1.2.3 TCL Commands 9
1.2.4 DCL Commands 10
1.3 Stored Procedures in SQL 10
1.4 Views in SQL 13
CHAPTER 2 LAB PROGRAM 1 - LIBRARY DATABASE 14
2.1 Problem Statement 14
2.2 ER Diagram 14
2.3 Schema Diagram 15
2.4 Creating Tables 16
2.5 Inserting Values 17
2.6 Queries and Solutions 18
CHAPTER 3 LAB PROGRAM 2 - ORDER DATABASE 23
3.1 Problem Statement 23
3.2 ER Diagram 23
3.3 Schema Diagram 24
3.4 Creating Tables 25
3.5 Inserting Values 25
3.6 Queries and Solutions 26
CHAPTER 4 LAB PROGRAM 3 - MOVIE DATABASE 29
4.1 Problem Statement 29
4.2 ER Diagram 29
4.3 Schema Diagram 30
4.4 Creating Tables 31
4.5 Inserting Values 32
4.6 Queries and Solutions 34
CHAPTER 5 LAB PROGRAM 4 - COLLEGE DATABASE 36
 5.1 Problem Statement 36
5.2 ER Diagram 36
5.3 Schema Diagram 37
5.4 Creating Tables 38
5.5 Inserting Values 39
5.6 Queries and Solutions 40
CHAPTER 6 LAB PROGRAM 5 - COMPANY DATABASE 44
6.1 Problem Statement 44
6.2 ER Diagram 44
6.3 Schema Diagram 45
6.4 Creating Tables 46
6.5 Inserting Values 47
6.6 Queries and Solutions 48
 Database System Concepts and PL/SQL- 20CS34P III Sem CSE

CHAPTER – 1

BASIC CONCEPTS OF PostgreSQL

1.1 Introduction to PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) based on the INGRES
(INteractive Graphics REtrieval System) package. Developed at the University of California,
Berkeley. The POSTGRES (Post Ingres) project started in 1985, and version 1 was released to a
small number of external users in June of 1989. PostgreSQL has become the most advanced open
source database, available all over the world. PostgreSQL has become a popular Database as a
Service (DBaaS) among the current clouds. PostgreSQL can be delivered as DBaaS on many
clouds, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud SQL, Microsoft Azure, Heroku, and
EnterpriseDB Cloud. PostgreSQL supports a large part of the SQL standard and offers many
modern features: complex queries, foreign keys, triggers, updatable views, transactional integrity,
multiversion concurrency control. PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways, for
example by adding new data types, functions, operators, aggregate functions, index methods and
procedural languages. It is fully ACID(Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliant
which makes it an ideal choice for OLTP (Online Transaction Processing). It is also capable of
performing database analytics. It can be integrated with mathematical software like Matlab and R.
1.2 PostgreSQL Commands
SQL commands are instructions used to communicate with the database to perform specific task
that work with data. SQL commands can be used not only for searching the database but also to
perform various other functions like, for example, you can create tables, add data to tables, or
modify data, drop the table, set permissions for users. SQL commands are grouped into four
major categories depending on their functionality:
 Data Definition Language (DDL) - These SQL commands are used for creating,
modifying, and dropping the structure of database objects. The commands are CREATE,
ALTER, DROP, RENAME, and TRUNCATE.
 Data Manipulation Language (DML) - These SQL commands are used for storing,
retrieving, modifying and deleting data. These commands are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
and DELETE.
 Transaction Control Language (TCL) - These SQL commands are used for managing

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changes affecting the data. These commands are COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and
SAVEPOINT.

 Data Control Language (DCL) - These SQL commands are used for providing
security to database objects. These commands are GRANT and REVOKE.

1.2.1 Data Definition Language (DDL)

1.2.1.1 CREATE TABLE Statement
The CREATE TABLE Statement is used to create tables to store data. Integrity Constraints
like primary key, unique key and foreign key can be defined for the columns while creating
the table. The integrity constraints can be defined at column level or table level. The
implementation and the syntax of the CREATE Statements differs for different RDBMS.

The Syntax for the CREATE TABLE Statement is:

CREATE TABLE table_name

(column_name1 datatype constraint,

column_name2 datatype, ...

column_nameN datatype);

 table_name - is the name of the table.

 column_name1, column_name2.... - is the name of the columns
 datatype - is the datatype for the column like char, date, number etc.

PostgreSQL Data Types:

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Character Datatypes
PostgreSQL supports character data types for storing text values. PostgreSQL builds character data
types off of the same internal structures. PostgreSQL offers three character data types: CHAR(n),
VARCHAR(n), and TEXT.
Name Description

varchar(n) Allows you to declare variable-length with a limit

Char(n) Fixed-length, blank padded

Text Use can use this data type to declare a variable with unlimited length

Numeric Datatypes
PostgreSQL supports two distinct types of numbers:
 Integers
 Floating-point numbers
Store
Name Range
size
smallint 2 bytes -32768 to +32767
integer 4 bytes -2147483648 to +2147483647
bigint 8 bytes -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807
If you declared it as decimal datatype ranges from 131072 digits before the
decimal variable
decimal point to 16383 digits after the decimal point
If you declare it as the number, you can include number up to 131072 digits
numeric variable
before the decimal point to 16383 digits after the decimal point
real 4 bytes 6 decimal digits precision
double 8 bytes 15 decimal digits precision

Binary Data Types

A binary string is a sequence of octets or bytes. Binary Postgres Data Types are divided in two
ways.
 Binary strings allow storing odds of value zero
 Non- printable octets

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Character strings not allow zero octets and also disallows any other octet values and sequences
which are invalid as per the database’s character set encoding rules.
Name Storage size Description

Byte 1 to 4 bytes plus the size of the binary string Variable-length binary string

Network Address Type

Many applications store network information like IP addresses of users or sensors. PostgreSQL has
three native types which help you to optimize the network data.
Name Size Description

cider 7 or 19 bytes IPV4 and IPv6 networks

Inet 7 or 19 bytes IPV4 and IPV5 host and networks

macaddr 6 bytes MAC addresses

PostgreSQL Integrity Constraints:

Integrity Constraints are used to apply business rules for the database tables.The
constraints available in SQL are Foreign Key, Primary key, Not Null, Unique, Check.
Constraints can be defined in two ways:
1. The constraints can be specified immediately after the column definition. This is called
column-level definition.
2. The constraints can be specified after all the columns are defined. This is called table-
level definition.

1) Primary key:
This constraint defines a column or combination of columns which uniquelyidentifies
each row in the table.
Syntax to define a Primary key at column level:

Column_name datatype [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] PRIMARY KEY

Syntax to define a Primary key at table level:

[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] PRIMARY KEY(column_name1,

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 column_name1, column_name2 are the names of the columns which define the
primary key.
 The syntax within the bracket i.e. [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] is optional.

2) Foreign key or Referential Integrity:

This constraint identifies any column referencing the PRIMARY KEY in another table. It
establishes a relationship between two columns in the same table or between different
tables. For a column to be defined as a Foreign Key, it should be a defined as a Primary
Key in the table which it is referring. One or more columns can be defined as Foreign
key.
Syntax to define a Foreign key at column level:

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[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] REFERENCES

referenced_table_name(column_name)

Syntax to define a Foreign key at table level:

[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] FOREIGN KEY(column_name) REFERENCES

referenced_table_name(column_name);

3) Not Null Constraint:

This constraint ensures all rows in the table contain a definite value for the column
which is specified as not null. Which means a null value is not allowed.
Syntax to define a Not Null constraint:
[CONSTRAINT constraint name] NOT NULL

4) Unique Key:
This constraint ensures that a column or a group of columns in each row have adistinct
value. A column(s) can have a null value but the values cannot be duplicated.
Syntax to define a Unique key at column level:
[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] UNIQUE

Syntax to define a Unique key at table level:

[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] UNIQUE(column_name)

5) Check Constraint:
This constraint defines a business rule on a column. All the rows must satisfy thisrule.
The constraint can be applied for a single column or a group of columns.
Syntax to define a Check constraint:
[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] CHECK (condition)

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1.2.1.2 ALTER TABLE Statement

The SQL ALTER TABLE command is used to modify the definition structure) of a table by
modifying the definition of its columns. The ALTER command is used to perform the
following functions.
1) Add, drop, modify table columns
2) Add and drop constraints
3) Enable and Disable constraints

Syntax to add a column

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;

For Example: To add a column "experience" to the employee table, the query would be like

ALTER TABLE employee ADD experience number(3);

Syntax to drop a column

ALTER TABLE table_name DROP column_name;

For Example: To drop the column "location" from the employee table, the query would be like

ALTER TABLE employee DROP location;

Syntax to modify a column

ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name datatype;

For Example: To modify the column salary in the employee table, the query would be like

ALTER TABLE employee MODIFY salary number(15,2);

Syntax to add PRIMARY KEY constraint

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY

column_name;

Syntax to drop PRIMARY KEY constraint

ALTER TABLE table_name DROP PRIMARY KEY;

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1.2.1.3 The DROP TABLE Statement

The DROP TABLE statement is used to delete a table.
DROP TABLE table_name;
1.2.1.4 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
What if we only want to delete the data inside the table, and not the table itself?
Then, use the TRUNCATE TABLE statement:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
1.2.2 Data Manipulation Language (DML):
The SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database. The result is stored in a result
table, called the result-set.
SELECT Syntax:

SELECT * FROM table_name;

The SELECT DISTINCT Statement

In a table, some of the columns may contain duplicate values. This is not a problem, however,
sometimes you will want to list only the different (distinct) values in a table.The DISTINCT
keyword can be used to return only distinct (different) values.
SELECT DISTINCT Syntax:

SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)

FROM table_name;

The WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion.
WHERE Syntax:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;

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The AND & OR Operators

 The AND operator displays a record if both the first condition and the second
condition is true.
 The OR operator displays a record if either the first condition or the second
condition is true.
The ORDER BY Clause
 The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result-set by a specified column.
 The ORDER BY clausesort the records in ascending order by default.
 If you want to sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESC
keyword.
ORDER BY Syntax:
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC;

The GROUP BY Clause

The GROUP BY clause can be used to create groups of rows in a table. Group functions can
be applied on such groups.
GROUP BY Syntax;

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name(s);

Group functions Meaning

AVG([DISTINCT|ALL],N]) Returns average value of n
COUNT(*|[DISTINCT|ALL]expr) Returns the number of rows in the query.
When you specify expr, this function
considers rows where expr is not null.
When you specify the asterisk (*), this function
Returns all rows, including duplicates and nulls.
You can count either all rows, or only distinct

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20CS34P
values of expr.
MAX([DISTINCT|ALL]expr) Returns maximum value of expr
MIN([DISTINCT|ALL]expr) Returns minimum value of expr
SUM([DISTINCT|ALL]n) Returns sum of values of n

The HAVING clause

The HAVING clause can be used to restrict the display of grouped rows. The result of the
grouped query is passed on to the HAVING clause for output filtration.
HAVING Syntax;

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition;

The INSERT INTO Statement

The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert a new row in a table.
SQL INSERT INTO Syntax:
It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.
 The first form doesn't specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only their
values:
INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1, value2, value3,...);
OR
INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES(&column1, &column2, &column3,...);

 The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...);

The UPDATE Statement

The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.

SQL UPDATE Syntax:

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UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value;

The DELETE Statement

The DELETE statement is used to delete rows in a table.

SQL DELETE Syntax:

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE some_column=some_value;

1.2.3 Transaction Control language

Transaction Control Language (TCL) commands are used to manage transactions in
database.These are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It also allows
statements to be grouped together into logical transactions

Commit command

Commit command is used to permanently save any transaction into database.

Following is Commit command's syntax,

commit;
Rollback command
This command restores the database to last committed state. It is also use with
savepoint command to jump to a savepoint in a transaction.

Following is Rollback command's syntax

rollback to savepoint_name;

Savepoint command

savepoint command is used to temporarily save a transaction so that you can rollback to that
point whenever necessary.

Following is savepoint command's syntax,

savepoint savepoint_name;
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1.2.4 Data Control Language

Data Control Language(DCL) is used to control privilege in Database. To perform any

operation in the database, such as for creating tables, sequences or views we need privileges.
Privileges are of two types,

 System : creating session, table etc are all types of system privilege.
 Object : any command or query to work on tables comes under object privilege.

DCL defines two commands,

 Grant : Gives user access privileges to database.

 Revoke : Take back permissions from user.

To Allow a User to create Session

grant create session to username;

To Allow a User to create Table

grant create table to username;

To provide User with some Space on Tablespace to store Table

alter user username quota unlimited on system;

To Grant all privilege to a User

grant sysdba to username

To Grant permission to Create any Table

grant create any table to username

1.3 STORED PROCEDURES in PostgreSQL:

PostgreSQL allows the users to extend the database functionality with the help of user-defined
functions and stored procedures through various procedural language elements, which are often
referred to as stored procedures.

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The store procedures define functions for creating triggers or custom aggregate functions. In
addition, stored procedures also add many procedural features e.g., control structures and complex
calculation. These allow you to develop custom functions much easier and more effective.
It is possible to call a Procedural code block using the DO command without defining a function
or stored procedure.
PostgreSQL categorizes the procedural languages into two main groups:
1. Safe languages can be used by any users. SQL and PL/pgSQL are safe languages.
2. Sand-boxed languages are only used by superusers because sand-boxed languages provide the
capability to bypass security and allow access to external sources. C is an example of a
sandboxed language.
By default, PostgreSQL supports three procedural languages: SQL, PL/pgSQL, and C. You can
also load other procedural languages e.g., Perl, Python, and TCL into PostgreSQL using
extensions.
Advantages of using PostgreSQL stored procedures:
The stored procedures bring many advantages as follows:
 Reduce the number of round trips between applications and database servers. All SQL
statements are wrapped inside a function stored in the PostgreSQL database server so the
application only has to issue a function call to get the result back instead of sending multiple
SQL statements and wait for the result between each call.
 Increase application performance because the user-defined functions and stored procedures are
pre-compiled and stored in the PostgreSQL database server.
 Reusable in many applications. Once you develop a function, you can reuse it in any
applications.
Disadvantages of using PostgreSQL stored procedures:
Besides the advantages of using stored procedures, there are some caveats:
 Slowness in software development because stored procedure programming requires
specialized skills that many developers do not possess.
 Difficult to manage versions and hard to debug.
 May not be portable to other database management systems e.g., MySQL or Microsoft SQL
Server.

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1.4 VIEWS IN SQL

o Views in SQL are virtual table. A view also contains rows and columns.
o To create the view, we can select the fields from one or more tables present in the database.
o A view can either have specific rows based on certain condition or all the rows of a table.
The reasons for using Views”
o Views restrict access to the data because the view can display selective columns and rows
from the table.
o Views provide groups of users with access to data according to their particular permissions.

o Views can be used to retrieve data from several tables, providing data independence for
users.

Syntax:
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1, column2.....
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

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CHAPTER – 2

LIBRARY DATABASE

1) Consider the following schema for a Library Database:

BOOK (Book_id, Title, Publisher_Name, Pub_Year)
BOOK_AUTHORS (Book_id, Author_Name)
PUBLISHER (Name, Address, Phone)
BOOK_COPIES (Book_id, Branch_id, No-of_Copies)
BOOK_LENDING (Book_id, Branch_id, Card_No, Date_Out, Due_Date)
LIBRARY_BRANCH (Branch_id, Branch_Name, Address)
Write SQL queries to
1. Retrieve details of all books in the library – id, title, name of publisher, authors, number
of copies in each branch, etc.
2. Get the particulars of borrowers who have borrowed more than 3 books, but from Jan
2017 to Jun 2017
3. Delete a book in BOOK table. Update the contents of other tables to reflect this data
manipulation operation.
4. Partition the BOOK table based on year of publication. Demonstrate its working with a
simple query.
5. Create a view of all books and its number of copies that are currently available in the
Library.

ER-Diagram:

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SCHEMA:

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Table Creation:

PUBLISHER

SQL> CREATE TABLE PUBLISHER(

NAME VARCHAR(18) PRIMARY KEY,
ADDRESS VARCHAR(10),
PHONE VARCHAR(10));

Table created.

BOOK

SQL> CREATE TABLE BOOK(

BOOK_ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
TITLE VARCHAR(20),
PUBLISHER_NAME VARCHAR(20)REFERENCES PUBLISHER(NAME)ON DELETE
CASADE,
PUB_YEAR NUMBER(4));

Table created.

BOOK_AUTHORS

SQL> CREATE TABLE BOOK_AUTHORS(

BOOK_ID INTEGER REFERENCES BOOK(BOOK_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
AUTHOR_NAME VARCHAR(20),
PRIMARY KEY(BOOK_ID));

Table created.

LIBRARY_BRANCH

SQL> CREATE TABLE LIBRARY_BRANCH(

BRANCH_ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
BRANCH_NAME VARCHAR(18),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(15));

Table created.

BOOK_COPIES

SQL> CREATE TABLE BOOK_COPIES(

BOOK_ID INTEGER REFERENCES BOOK(BOOK_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
BRANCH_ID INTEGER REFERENCES LIBRARY_BRANCH(BRANCH_ID) ON DELETE
CASCADE,
NO_OF_COPIES INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY(BOOK_ID,BRANCH_ID));

Table created.

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BOOK_LENDING

SQL> CREATE TABLE BOOK_LENDING(

BOOK_ID INTEGER REFERENCES BOOK(BOOK_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
BRANCH_ID INTEGER REFERENCES LIBRARY_BRANCH(BRANCH_ID) ON DELETE
CASCADE,
CARD_NO INTEGER,
DATE_OUT DATE,
DUE_DATE DATE,
PRIMARY KEY(BOOK_ID,BRANCH_ID,CARD_NO));

Table created.

Values for tables:

PUBLISHER

SQL>INSERT INTO PUBLISHER VALUES('PEARSON','BANGALORE','9875462530');

SQL> INSERT INTO PUBLISHER VALUES('MCGRAW','NEWDELHI','7845691234');

SQL> INSERT INTO PUBLISHER VALUES('SAPNA','BANGALORE','7845963210');

BOOK

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(1111,'SE','PEARSON',2005);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(2222,'DBMS','MCGRAW',2004);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(3333,'ANOTOMY','PEARSON',2010);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(4444,'ENCYCLOPEDIA','SAPNA',2010);

BOOK_AUTHORS

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(1111,'SOMMERVILLE');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(2222,'NAVATHE');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(3333,'HENRY GRAY');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(4444,'THOMAS');

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LIBRARY_BRANCH

SQL> INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(11,'CENTRAL TECHNICAL','MG ROAD');

SQL> INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(22,'MEDICAL','BH ROAD');

SQL> INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(33,'CHILDREN','SS PURAM');

SQL> INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(44,'SECRETARIAT','SIRAGATE');

SQL> INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(55,'GENERAL','JAYANAGAR');

BOOK_COPIES

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(1111,11,5);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(3333,22,6);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(4444,33,10);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(2222,11,12);

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(4444,55,3);

BOOK_LENDING

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(2222,11,1,'10-JAN-2017','20-AUG-2017');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(3333,22,2,'09-JUL-2017','12-AUG-2017');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(4444,55,1,'11-APR-2017','09-AUG-2017');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(2222,11,5,'09-AUG-2017','19-AUG-2017');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(4444,33,1,'10-JUN-2017','15-AUG-2017');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(1111,11,1,'12-MAY-2017','10-JUN-2017');

SQL> INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(3333,22,1,'10-JUL-2017','15-JUL-2017');

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK;

BOOK_ID TITLE PUBLISHER_NAME PUB_YEAR

1111 SE PEARSON 2005

2222 DBMS MCGRAW 2004
3333 ANOTOMY PEARSON 2010
4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA SAPNA 2010

4 rows selected.

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SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK_AUTHORS;

BOOK_ID AUTHOR_NAME

1111 SOMMERVILLE
2222 NAVATHE
3333 HENRY GRAY
4444 THOMAS

4 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT * FROM PUBLISHER;

NAME ADDRESS PHONE

PEARSON BANGALORE 9875462530

MCGRAW NEWDELHI 7845691234
SAPNA BANGALORE 7845963210

3 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK_COPIES;

BOOK_ID BRANCH_ID NO_OF_COPIES

1111 11 5
3333 22 6
4444 33 10
2222 11 12
4444 55 3

5 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK_LENDING;

BOOK_ID BRANCH_ID CARD_NO DATE_OUT DUE_DATE

2222 11 1 10-JAN-17 20-AUG-17

3333 22 2 09-JUL-17 12-AUG-17
4444 55 1 11-APR-17 09-AUG-17
2222 11 5 09-AUG-17 19-AUG-17
4444 33 1 10-JUL-17 15-AUG-17
1111 11 1 12-MAY-17 10-JUN-17
3333 22 1 10-JUL-17 15-JUL-17

7 rows selected.

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SQL> SELECT * FROM LIBRARY_BRANCH;

BRANCH_ID BRANCH_NAME ADDRESS

11 CENTRAL TECHNICAL MG ROAD

22 MEDICAL BH ROAD
33 CHILDREN SS PURAM
44 SECRETARIAT SIRAGATE
55 GENERAL JAYANAGAR

5 rows selected.

Queries:

1) Retrieve details of all books in the library – id, title, name of publisher, authors, number of
copies in each branch, etc.

SELECT LB.BRANCH_NAME, B.BOOK_ID,TITLE, PUBLISHER_NAME,AUTHOR_NAME,

NO_OF_COPIES
FROM BOOK B, BOOK_AUTHORS BA, BOOK_COPIES BC, LIBRARY_BRANCH LB
WHERE B.BOOK_ID = BA.BOOK_ID AND
BA.BOOK_ID = BC.BOOK_ID AND
BC.BRANCH_ID = LB.BRANCH_ID
GROUP BY LB.BRANCH_NAME, B.BOOK_ID, TITLE, PUBLISHER_NAME,
AUTHOR_NAME, NO_OF_COPIES;

BRANCH_NAME BOOK_ID TITLE PUBLISHER_NAME AUTHOR_NAME NO_OF_COPIES

GENERAL 4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA SAPNA THOMAS 3

MEDICAL 3333 ANOTOMY PEARSON HENRY GRAY 6

CHILDREN 4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA SAPNA THOMAS 10

CENTRAL TECHNICAL 1111 SE PEARSON SOMMERVILLE 5

CENTRAL TECHNICAL 2222 DBMS MCGRAW NAVATHE 12

2) Get the particulars of borrowers who have borrowed more than 3 books, but from Jan 2017
to Jun 2017.

SELECT CARD_NO
FROM BOOK_LENDING
WHERE DATE_OUT BETWEEN '01-JAN-2017' AND '30-JUN-2017'
GROUP BY CARD_NO
HAVING COUNT(*) > 3;

CARD_NO

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3) Delete a book in BOOK table. Update the contents of other tables to reflect this data
manipulation operation.

DELETE FROM BOOK

WHERE BOOK_ID = '3333';

1 row deleted.

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK;

BOOK_ID TITLE PUBLISHER_NAME PUB_YEAR

1111 SE PEARSON 2005

2222 DBMS MCGRAW 2004
4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA SAPNA 2010

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK_COPIES;

BOOK_ID BRANCH_ID NO_OF_COPIES

1111 11 5
4444 33 10
2222 11 12
4444 55 3

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOK_LENDING;

BOOK_ID BRANCH_ID CARD_NO DATE_OUT DUE_DATE

2222 11 1 10-JAN-17 20-AUG-17

4444 55 1 11-APR-17 09-AUG-17
2222 11 5 09-AUG-17 19-AUG-17
4444 33 1 10-JUN-17 15-AUG-17
1111 11 1 12-MAY-17 10-JUN-17

4) Partition the BOOK table based on year of publication. Demonstrate its working with a
simple query.

SELECT BOOK_ID, TITLE, PUBLISHER_NAME, PUB_YEAR

FROM BOOK
GROUP BY PUB_YEAR, BOOK_ID, TITLE, PUBLISHER_NAME;

BOOK_ID TITLE PUBLISHER_NAME PUB_YEAR

2222 DBMS MCGRAW 2004

1111 SE PEARSON 2005
3333 ANOTOMY PEARSON 2010
4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA SAPNA 2010

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5) Create a view of all books and its number of copies that are currently available in the
Library.

CREATE VIEW BOOKS_AVAILABLE AS

SELECT B.BOOK_ID, B.TITLE, C.NO_OF_COPIES
FROM LIBRARY_BRANCH L, BOOK B, BOOK_COPIES C
WHERE B.BOOK_ID = C.BOOK_ID AND
L.BRANCH_ID=C.BRANCH_ID;

View created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM BOOKS_AVAILABLE;

BOOK_ID TITLE NO_OF_COPIES

1111 SE 5
3333 ANOTOMY 6
4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA 10
2222 DBMS 12
4444 ENCYCLOPEDIA 3

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CHAPTER – 3

ORDER DATABASE
2) Consider the following schema for Order Database:
SALESMAN (Salesman_id, Name, City, Commission)
CUSTOMER (Customer_id, Cust_Name, City, Grade, Salesman_id)
ORDERS (Ord_No, Purchase_Amt, Ord_Date, Customer_id, Salesman_id)
Write SQL queries to
1. Count the customers with grades above Bangalore’s average.
2. Find the name and numbers of all salesmen who had more than one customer.
3. List all salesmen and indicate those who have and don’t have customers in their cities
(Use UNION operation.)
4. Create a view that finds the salesman who has the customer with the highest order of a
day.
5. Demonstrate the DELETE operation by removing salesman with id 1000. All his orders
must also be deleted.

ER-Diagram:

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SCHEMA:

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Table Creation:

SALESMAN

CREATE TABLE SALESMAN(

SALESMAN_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT SALESMAN_SALID PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT SALESMAN_NAME_NN NOT NULL,
CITY VARCHAR(15) CONSTRAINT SALESMAN_CITY_NN NOT NULL,
COMMISSION NUMBER(5));

Table created.

CUSTOMER

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER(

CUSTOMER_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_CUSTID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
CUST_NAME VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_CUSTNAME_NN NOT NULL,
CITY VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_CITY_NN NOT NULL,
GRADE NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_GRADE_NN NOT NULL,
SALESMAN_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_SALEID_FK REFERENCES
SALESMAN(SALESMAN_ID) ON DELETE SET NULL);

Table created.

ORDERS

CREATE TABLE ORDERS(

ORD_NO NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT ORDERS_ODNO_PK PRIMARY KEY,
PURCHASE_AMT INTEGER CONSTRAINT ORDERS_PAMT_NN NOT NULL,
ORD_DATE DATE CONSTRAINT ORDERS_ODATE_NN NOT NULL,
CUSTOMER_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT ORDERS_CUSTID_FK REFERENCES
CUSTOMER(CUSTOMER_ID),
SALESMAN_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT ORDERS_SALEID_FK REFERENCES
SALESMAN(SALESMAN_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE);

Table created.

Values for tables

SQL> INSERT INTO SALESMAN VALUES(&SALESMAN_ID,'&NAME','&CITY',&COMMISSION);

SQL> INSERT INTO CUSTOMER

VALUES(&CUSTOMER_ID,'&CUST_NAME','&CITY','&GRADE',&SALESMAN_ID);

SQL> INSERT INTO ORDERS

VALUES(&ORD_NO,&PURCHASE_AMT,'&ORD_DATE',&CUSTOMER_ID,&SALESMAN_ID);

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SELECT * FROM SALESMAN;

SALESMAN_ID NAME CITY COMMISSION

1000 RAJ BENGALURU 50

2000 ASHWIN TUMKUR 30
3000 BINDU MUMBAI 40
4000 LAVANYA BENGALURU 40
5000 ROHIT MYSORE 60

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;

CUSTOMER_ID CUST_NAME CITY GRADE SALESMAN_ID

11 INFOSYS BENGALURU 5 1000

22 TCS BENGALURU 4 2000
33 WIPRO MYSORE 7 1000
44 TCS MYSORE 6 2000
55 ORACLE TUMKUR 3 3000

SELECT * FROM ORDERS;

ORD_NO PURCHASE_AMT ORD_DATE CUSTOMER_ID SALESMAN_ID

1 200000 12-APR-16 11 1000

2 300000 12-APR-16 11 2000
3 400000 15-APR-17 22 1000

1. Count the customers with grades above Bangalore’s average.

SELECT COUNT(CUSTOMER_ID)
FROM CUSTOMER
WHERE GRADE>(SELECT AVG(GRADE)
FROM CUSTOMER
WHERE CITY LIKE '%BENGALURU');

COUNT(CUSTOMER_ID)

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2. Find the name and numbers of all salesmen who had more than one customer.

SELECT NAME, COUNT(CUSTOMER_ID)

FROM SALESMAN S, CUSTOMER C
WHERE S.SALESMAN_ID=C.SALESMAN_ID
GROUP BY NAME
HAVING COUNT(CUSTOMER_ID)>1;

NAME COUNT(CUSTOMER_ID)

ASHWIN 2
RAJ 2

3. List all salesmen and indicate those who have and don’t have customers in their cities
(Use UNION operation.)
(SELECT NAME
FROM SALESMAN S, CUSTOMER C
WHERE S.SALESMAN_ID=C.SALESMAN_ID AND
S.CITY=C.CITY)
UNION
(SELECT NAME
FROM SALESMAN
WHERE SALESMAN_ID NOT IN(SELECT S1.SALESMAN_ID
FROM SALESMAN S1, CUSTOMER C1
WHERE S1.SALESMAN_ID=C1.SALESMAN_ID AND
S1.CITY=C1.CITY));
NAME

ASHWIN
BINDU
LAVANYA
RAJ
ROHIT

4. Create a view that finds the salesman who has the customer with the highest order of a
day.
CREATE VIEW SALES_HIGHERODER AS
SELECT SALESMAN_ID, PURCHASE_AMT
FROM ORDERS
WHERE PURCHASE_AMT=(SELECT MAX(O.PURCHASE_AMT)
FROM ORDERS O
WHERE O.ORD_DATE='12-APR-16');
View created.

SELECT * FROM SALES_HIGHERODER;

SALESMAN_ID PURCHASE_AMT

2000 300000
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5. Demonstrate the DELETE operation by removing salesman with id 1000. All his orders
must also be deleted.

DELETE from salesman

WHERE salesman_id = 1000;

1 row deleted.

SELECT * FROM SALESMAN;

SALESMAN_ID NAME CITY COMMISSION

2000 ASHWIN TUMKUR 30

3000 BINDU MUMBAI 40
4000 LAVANYA BENGALURU 40
5000 ROHIT MYSORE 60

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;

CUSTOMER_ID CUST_NAME CITY GRADE SALESMAN_ID

11 INFOSYS BENGALURU 5
22 TCS BENGALURU 4 2000
33 WIPRO MYSORE 7
44 TCS MYSORE 6 2000
55 ORACLE TUMKUR 3 3000

SELECT * FROM ORDERS;

ORD_NO PURCHASE_AMT ORD_DATE CUSTOMER_ID SALESMAN_ID

2 300000 12-APR-16 11 2000

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CHAPTER – 4

MOVIE DATABASE
3) Consider the schema for Movie Database:
ACTOR (Act_id, Act_Name, Act_Gender)
DIRECTOR (Dir_id, Dir_Name, Dir_Phone)
MOVIES (Mov_id, Mov_Title, Mov_Year, Mov_Lang, Dir_id)
MOVIE_CAST (Act_id, Mov_id, Role)
RATING (Mov_id, Rev_Stars)
Write SQL queries to
1. List the titles of all movies directed by ‘Hitchcock’.
2. Find the movie names where one or more actors acted in two or more movies.
3. List all actors who acted in a movie before 2000 and also in a movie after
2015 (use JOIN operation).
4. Find the title of movies and number of stars for each movie that has at least one
rating and find the highest number of stars that movie received. Sort the result by
movie title.
5. Update rating of all movies directed by ‘Steven Spielberg’ to 5.

ER-Diagram:

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SCHEMA:

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Table Creation:

ACTOR

CREATE TABLE ACTOR(

ACT_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT ACTOR_ACTID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
ACT_NAME VARCHAR(18) CONSTRAINT ACTOR_ACTNAME_NN NOT NULL,
ACT_GENDER VARCHAR(2) CONSTRAINT ACTOR_ACTGENDER_NN NOT NULL);

Table created.

DIRECTOR

CREATE TABLE DIRECTOR(

DIR_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT DIRECTOR_DIRID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
DIR_NAME VARCHAR(18) CONSTRAINT DIRECTOR_DIRNAME_NN NOT NULL,
DIR_PHONE VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT DIRECTOR_DIRPHONE_NN NOT NULL);

Table created.

MOVIES

CREATE TABLE MOVIES(

MOV_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT MOVIES_MOVID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
MOV_TITLE VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT MOVIES_MOVTITLE_NN NOT NULL,
MOV_YEAR NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT MOVIES_MOVYEAR_NN NOT NULL,
MOV_LANG VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT MOVIES_MOVLANG_NN NOT NULL,
DIR_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT MOVIES_DIRID_FK REFERENCES DIRECTOR(DIR_ID));

Table created.

MOVIE_CAST

CREATE TABLE MOVIE_CAST(

ACT_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT MOVIECAST_ACTID_FK REFERENCES ACTOR(ACT_ID),
MOV_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT MOVIECAST_MOVID_FK REFERENCES MOVIES(MOV_ID),
ROLE VARCHAR(10),
CONSTRAINT MOVIECAST_ACTID_MOVID_PK PRIMARY KEY(ACT_ID,MOV_ID));

Table created.

RATING

CREATE TABLE RATING(

MOV_ID NUMBER(5) CONSTRAINT RATING_MOVID_FK REFERENCES MOVIES(MOV_ID),
REV_STARS NUMBER(1) CONSTRAINT RATING_REVSTARS_NN NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT RATING_MOVID_PK PRIMARY KEY(MOV_ID))

Table created.

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Description of Schema:

SQL> DESC ACTOR

Name Null? Type

ACT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(5)

ACT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(18)
ACT_GENDER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(2)

SQL> DESC DIRECTOR

Name Null? Type

DIR_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(5)

DIR_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(18)
DIR_PHONE NOT NULL VARCHAR(10)

SQL> DESC MOVIES

Name Null? Type

MOV_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(5)

MOV_TITLE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
MOV_YEAR NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
MOV_LANG NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
DIR_ID NUMBER(5)

SQL> DESC RATING

Name Null? Type

MOV_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(5)

REV_STARS NOT NULL NUMBER(1)

Values for tables:

SQL> INSERT INTO ACTOR VALUES(&ACT_ID,'&ACT_NAME','&ACT_GENDER');

SQL> INSERT INTO DIRECTOR VALUES(&DIR_ID,'&DIR_NAME',&DIR_PHONE);

SQL> INSERT INTO MOVIES

VALUES(&MOV_ID,'&MOV_TITLE','&MOV_YEAR','&MOV_LANG',&DIR_ID);

SQL> INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES(&ACT_ID,&MOV_ID,'&ROLE');

SQL> INSERT INTO RATING VALUES(&MOV_ID,&REV_STARS);

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SQL> SELECT * FROM ACTOR;

ACT_ID ACT_NAME AC

111 DEEPA SANNIDHI F

222 SUDEEP M
333 PUNEETH M
444 DHIGANTH M
555 ANGELA F

SQL> SELECT * FROM DIRECTOR;

DIR_ID DIR_NAME DIR_PHONE

101 HITCHCOCK 112267809

102 RAJ MOULI 152358709
103 YOGARAJ 272337808
104 STEVEN SPIELBERG 363445678
105 PAVAN KUMAR 385456809

SQL> SELECT * FROM MOVIES;

MOV_ID MOV_TITLE MOV_YEAR MOV_LANG DIR_ID

1111 LASTWORLD 2009 ENGLISH 104

2222 EEGA 2010 TELUGU 102
4444 PARAMATHMA 2012 KANNADA 103
3333 MALE 2006 KANNADA 103
5555 MANASARE 2010 KANNADA 103
6666 REAR WINDOW 1954 ENGLISH 101
7777 NOTORIOUS 1946 ENGLISH 101

SQL> SELECT * FROM MOVIE_CAST;

ACT_ID MOV_ID ROLE

222 2222 VILAN

333 4444 HERO
111 4444 HEROIN
444 3333 GUEST
444 5555 HERO
555 7777 MOTHER

SQL> SELECT * FROM RATING;

MOV_ID REV_STARS

1111 3
2222 4
3333 3
5555 4
4444 5
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1. List the titles of all movies directed by ‘Hitchcock’.

SELECT MOV_TITLE
FROM MOVIES M, DIRECTOR D
WHERE D.DIR_ID=M.DIR_ID AND
DIR_NAME='HITCHCOCK';

MOV_TITLE

NOTORIOUS
REAR WINDOW

2. Find the movie names where one or more actors acted in two or more movies.

SELECT MOV_TITLE
FROM MOVIES M, MOVIE_CAST MC
WHERE M.MOV_ID=MC.MOV_ID AND
MC.ACT_ID IN (SELECT ACT_ID
FROM MOVIE_CAST
GROUP BY ACT_ID
HAVING COUNT(MOV_ID)>=2);
MOV_TITLE

MALE
MANASARE

3. List all actors who acted in a movie before 2000 and also in a movie after
2015 (use JOIN operation).
(SELECT ACT_NAME
FROM ACTOR A
JOIN MOVIE_CAST C
ON
A.ACT_ID=C.ACT_ID
4. JOIN MOVIES M
ON C.MOV_ID=M.MOV_ID
WHERE M.MOV_YEAR < 2000)
INTERSECT
(SELECT ACT_NAME
FROM ACTOR A JOIN
MOVIE_CAST C
ON A.ACT_ID=C.ACT_ID JOIN
MOVIES M
ON C.MOV_ID=M.MOV_ID
WHERE M.MOV_YEAR > 2015);

ACT_NAME

DHIGANTH

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4. Find the title of movies and number of stars for each movie that has at least one
rating and find the highest number of stars that movie received. Sort the result by
movie title.

SELECT MOV_TITLE, REV_STARS

FROM MOVIES M, RATING R
WHERE M.MOV_ID=R.MOV_ID AND
REV_STARS>=1 ORDER BY MOV_TITLE

MOV_TITLE REV_STARS

EEGA 4
LASTWORLD 3
MALE 3
MANASARE 4
PARAMATHMA 5

5. Update rating of all movies directed by ‘Steven Spielberg’ to 5.

UPDATE RATING
SET REV_STARS=5
WHERE MOV_ID IN (SELECT MOV_ID
FROM MOVIES M, DIRECTOR D
WHERE M.DIR_ID=D.DIR_ID AND
DIR_NAME='STEVEN SPIELBERG');

1 row updated.

SELECT * FROM RATING

MOV_ID REV_STARS

1111 5
2222 4
3333 3
5555 4
4444 5

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CHAPTER - 5

COLLEGE DATABASE

4). Consider the schema for College Database:

STUDENT (USN, SName, Address, Phone, Gender)
SEMSEC (SSID, Sem, Sec)
CLASS (USN, SSID)
SUBJECT (Subcode, Title, Sem, Credits)
IAMARKS (USN, Subcode, SSID, Test1, Test2, Test3, FinalIA)
Write SQL queries to
1. List all the student details studying in fourth semester ‘C’ section.
2. Compute the total number of male and female students in each semester and in each
section.
3. Create a view of Test1 marks of student USN ‘1BI15CS101’ in all subjects.
4. Calculate the FinalIA (average of best two test marks) and update the
corresponding table for all students.
5. Categorize students based on the following criterion:
If FinalIA = 17 to 20 then CAT = ‘Outstanding’
If FinalIA = 12 to 16 then CAT = ‘Average’
If FinalIA< 12 then CAT = ‘Weak’
Give these details only for 8th semester A, B, and C section students.

ER-Diagram:

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SCHEMA:

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Table Creation:

STUDENT

CREATE TABLE STUDENT

(USN VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
SNAME VARCHAR(25),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(25),
PHONE VARCHAR(10),
GENDER CHAR(1));

Table created.

SEMSEC

CREATE TABLE SEMSEC

SSID VARCHAR(5) PRIMARY KEY,
SEM NUMBER(2),
SEC CHAR(1));

Table created.

CLASS

CREATE TABLE CLASS

(USN VARCHAR(10),
SSID VARCHAR(5), PRIMARY
KEY(USN,SSID),
FOREIGN KEY(USN) REFERENCES STUDENT(USN),
FOREIGN KEY(SSID) REFERENCES SEMSEC(SSID));

Table created.

SUBJECT

CREATE TABLE SUBJECT

(SUBCODE VARCHAR(8) PRIMARY KEY,
TITLE VARCHAR(20),
SEM NUMBER(2), CREDITS
NUMBER(2));

Table created.

IAMARKS

CREATE TABLE IAMARKS

(USN VARCHAR(10),
SUBCODE VARCHAR(8),
SSID VARCHAR(5), TEST1
NUMBER(2), TEST2
NUMBER(2),
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TEST3 NUMBER(2),
FINALIA NUMBER(3),
PRIMARY KEY(USN,SUBCODE,SSID),
FOREIGN KEY(USN) REFERENCES STUDENT(USN),
FOREIGN KEY(SUBCODE) REFERENCES SUBJECT(SUBCODE),
FOREIGN KEY(SSID) REFERENCES SEMSEC(SSID));

Table created.

Values for tables:

STUDENT:

INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES

('&USN','&sname','&address',’&phone’,'&gender');

select * from student;

USN SNAME ADDRESS PHONE G

1cg15cs001 Abhi tumkur 9875698410 M

1cg15cs002 amulya gubbi 8896557412 F
1cg16me063 chethan nittur 7894759522 M
1cg14ec055 raghavi sspuram 9485675521 F
1cg15ee065 sanjay bangalore 9538444404 M

SEMSEC:

INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('&SSID', ‘&sem’,'&sec');

select * from semsec;

SSID SEM S
-
5A 5A
3B 3B
7A 7A
2C 2C
4B 4B
4c 4c

CLASS:

INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES (‘&USN’,’&SSID’);

select * from class;

USN SSID

1cg15cs001 5A
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1cg15cs002 5A
1cg16me063 3B
1cg14ec055 7A
1cg15ee065 3B
1cg15ee065 4c
1cg15cs002 4c

SUBJECT:

INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS81','ACA', 8, 4);

select * from subject;

SUBCODE TITLE SEM CREDITS

15cs53 dbms 5 4
15cs33 ds 3 4
15cs34 co 3 4
15csl58 dba 52
10cs71 oomd 7 4

IAMARKS:

INSERT INTO IAMARKS VALUES

(‘&USN’,‘&SUBCODE’,’&SSID’,’&TEST1’,’&TEST2’,’&TEST3’);

select * from iamarks;

USN SUBCODE SSID TEST1 TEST2 TEST3 FINALIA

1cg15cs001 15cs53 5A 18 19 15 19
1cg15cs002 15cs53 5A 15 16 14 16
1cg16me063 15cs33 3B 10 15 16 16
1cg14ec055 10cs71 7A 18 20 21 21
1cg15ee065 15cs33 3B 16 20 17 19
1cg15ee065 15cs53 4c 19 20 18 20

Queries:

1. List all the student details studying in fourth semester ‘C’ section.

select
s.usn,sname,address,phone,gender from
student s, class c, semsec ss where
sem=4 and
sec='c' and
ss.ssid=c.ssid and
c.usn=s.usn;

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USN SNAME ADDRESS PHONE G

-
1cg15ee065 Sanjay bangalore 9538444404 M
1cg15cs002 Amulya gubbi 8896557412 F

2. Compute the total number of male and female students in each semester and in each
section.
SELECT SEM,SEC,GENDER,COUNT(*)
FROM STUDENT S, SEMSEC SS,CLASS C
WHERE S.USN=C.USN AND
C.SSID=SS.SSID
GROUP BY SEM,SEC,GENDER
ORDER BY SEM;

SEM S G COUNT(*)
- -
3B M 2
4c F 1
4c M 1
5A F 1
5A M 1
7A F 1

3. Create a view of Test1 marks of student USN ‘1BI15CS101’ in all subjects.

CREATE VIEW TEST1 AS

SELECT SUBCODE,TEST1
FROM IAMARKS
WHERE USN='1cg15ee065';

View created.

SQL> select * from test1;

SUBCODE TEST1

15cs33 16
15cs53 19

4. Calculate the FinalIA (average of best two test marks) and update the corresponding table
for all students.

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE AVG

IS
CURSOR C_IAMARKS IS
SELECT GREATEST(TEST1,TEST2) AS A,GREATEST(TEST1,TEST3) AS B,
GREATEST(TEST3,TEST2) AS C
FROM IAMARKS
WHERE FINALIA IS NULL
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FOR UPDATE;
C_A NUMBER;
C_B NUMBER;
C_C NUMBER;
C_SM NUMBER;
C_AV NUMBER;
BEGIN
OPEN C_IAMARKS;
LOOP
FETCH C_IAMARKS INTO C_A,C_B,C_C;
EXIT WHEN C_IAMARKS%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(C_A||' '||C_B||' '||C_C);
IF(C_A!=C_B) THEN
C_SM:=C_A+C_B;
ELSE
C_SM:=C_A+C_C;
END IF;
C_AV:=C_SM/2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SUM='||C_SM);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('AVERAGE='||C_AV);
UPDATE IAMARKS
SET FINALIA=C_AV
WHERE CURRENT OF C_IAMARKS;
END LOOP;
CLOSE C_IAMARKS;
END AVG;

Procedure created.

SQL> BEGIN
2 AVG;
3 END;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> SELECT * FROM IAMARKS;

USN SUBCODE SSID TEST1 TEST2 TEST3 FINALIA

1cg15cs001 15cs53 5A 18 19 15 19
1cg15cs002 15cs53 5A 15 16 14 16
1cg16me063 15cs33 3B 10 15 16 16
1cg14ec055 10cs71 7A 18 20 21 21
1cg15ee065 15cs33 3B 16 20 17 19
1cg15ee065 15cs53 4c 19 20 18 20

6 rows selected.

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5. Categorize students based on the following criterion:

If FinalIA = 17 to 20 then CAT = ‘Outstanding’ If
FinalIA = 12 to 16 then CAT = ‘Average’
If FinalIA< 12 then CAT = ‘Weak’
Give these details only for 8th semester A, B, and C section students.

SELECT S.USN,S.SNAME,S.ADDRESS,S.PHONE,S.GENDER,
CASE WHEN IA.FINALIA BETWEEN 17 AND 20 THEN 'OUTSTANDING'
WHEN IA.FINALIA BETWEEN 12 AND 16 THEN 'AVERAGE'
ELSE 'WEAK'
END AS CAT
FROM STUDENT S,SEMSEC SS,IAMARKS IA,SUBJECT SUB
WHERE S.USN=IA.USN AND
SS.SSID=IA.SSID AND
SUB.SUBCODE=IA.SUBCODE AND
SUB.SEM=7

USN SNAME ADDRESS PHONE G CAT

-
1cg14ec055 raghavi sspuram 9485675521 F WEAK

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CHAPTER – 6

COMPANY DATABASE

5). Consider the schema for Company Database:

EMPLOYEE (SSN, Name, Address, Sex, Salary, SuperSSN,DNo)
DEPARTMENT (DNo, DName, MgrSSN, MgrStartDate)
DLOCATION (DNo,DLoc)
PROJECT (PNo, PName, PLocation,
DNo) WORKS_ON (SSN, PNo, Hours)
Write SQL queries to
1. Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last
name is ‘Scott’, either as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls the
project.
2. Show the resulting salaries if every employee working on the ‘IoT’ project is
given a 10 percent raise.
3. Find the sum of the salaries of all employees of the ‘Accounts’ department, as
well as the maximum salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary in this
department
4. Retrieve the name of each employee who works on all the projects controlled by
department number 5 (use NOT EXISTS operator).
5. For each department that has more than five employees, retrieve the department
number and the number of its employees who are making more than Rs. 6,00,000.

ER-Diagram:

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Database System Concepts and PL/SQL- 20CS34P III Sem CSE

SCHEMA:

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Database System Concepts and PL/SQL- 20CS34P III Sem CSE

Table Creation:

DEPARTMENT

CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(

DNO NUMBER(3) CONSTRAINT DEPT_DNO_PK PRIMARY KEY, DNAME
VARCHAR(15) CONSTRAINT DEPT_DNAME_NN NOT NULL, MGRSSN
CHAR(10),
MGRSTARTDATE DATE);

EMPLOYEE

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(

SSN CHAR(10) CONSTRAINT EMP_SSN_PK PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR(18) CONSTRAINT EMP_NAME_NN NOT NULL,
ADDRESS VARCHAR(18),
SEX VARCHAR(3), SALARY
REAL, SUPER_SSN
CHAR(10),
DNO NUMBER(3) CONSTRAINT EMP_DNO_FK REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DNO));

ALTER TABLE DEPARTMENT ADD CONSTRAINT DEPT_MGRSSN_FK FOREIGN

KEY(MGRSSN) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(SSN);

Table altered.

DLOCATION

CREATE TABLE DLOCATION(

DLOC VARCHAR2 (20),
DNO REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (DNO),
PRIMARY KEY (DNO, DLOC));

PROJECT

CREATE TABLE PROJECT(

PNO INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
PNAME VARCHAR2 (20),
PLOCATION VARCHAR2 (20),
DNO REFERENCES DEPARTMENT (DNO));

WORKS_ON
CREATE TABLE WORKS_ON(
HOURS NUMBER (2),
SSN REFERENCES EMPLOYEE (SSN),
PNO REFERENCES PROJECT(PNO),
PRIMARY KEY (SSN, PNO));

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Values for tables:

DEPARTMENT

INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES(&DNO,'&DNAME',&MGRSSN,'&MGRSTARTDATE');

SELECT * FROM DEPARTMENT;

DNO DNAME MGRSSN MGRSTARTD

- -
1 RESEARCH 111111 10-AUG-12
2 ACCOUNTS 222222 10-AUG-10
3 AI 333333 15-APR-12
4 NETWORKS 111111 18-MAY-14
5 BIGDATA 666666 21-JAN-10

5 rows selected.

EMPLOYEE

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE

VALUES('&SSN','&NAME','&ADDRESS','&SEX',&SALARY,'&SUPERSSN',&
DNO);

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;

SSN NAME ADDRESS SEX SALARY SUPERSSN DNO

111111 RAJ BENGALURU M 700000 1

222222 RASHMI MYSORE F 400000 111111 2
333333 RAGAVI TUMKUR F 800000 3
444444 RAJESH TUMKUR M 650000 333333 3
555555 RAVEESH BENGALURU M 500000 333333 3
666666 SCOTT ENGLAND M 700000 444444 5
777777 NIGANTH GUBBI M 200000 222222 2
888888 RAMYA GUBBI F 400000 222222 3
999999 VIDYA TUMKUR F 650000 333333 3
100000 GEETHA TUMKUR F 800000 3

10 rows selected.

DLOCATION

INSERT INTO DLOCATION VALUES(&DNO,'&DLOC');

SELECT * FROM DLOCATION;

DNO DLOC

1 MYSORE
1 TUMKUR
2 BENGALURU
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Database System Concepts and PL/SQL- 20CS34P III Sem CSE

3 GUBBI
4 DELHI
5 BENGALURU

6 rows selected.

PROJECT

INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES(&PNO,'&PNAME','&PLOCATION',’&DNO’);

SELECT * FROM PROJECT;

PNO PNAME PLOCATION DNO

111 IOT GUBBI 3

222 TEXTSPEECH GUBBI 3
333 IPSECURITY DELHI 4
444 TRAFICANAL BENGALURU 5
555 CLOUDSEC DELHI 1

5 rows selected.

WORKS_ON

INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES('&SSN',&PNO,&HOURS);

SELECT * FROM WORKS_ON;

SSN PNO HOURS

666666 333 4

666666 111 2
111111 222 3
555555 222 2
333333 111 4
444444 111 6
222222 111 2

8 rows selected.

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Database System Concepts and PL/SQL- 20CS34P III Sem CSE

1. Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an employee whose last
name is ‘Scott’, either as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls the
project.

(SELECT DISTINCT PNO

FROM PROJECT P, DEPARTMENT D,
EMPLOYEE E WHERE P.DNO=D.DNO AND
SSN=MGRSSN AND
NAME='SCOTT')
UNION
(SELECT DISTINCT P.PNO
FROM PROJECT P, WORKS_ON W,
EMPLOYEE E WHERE P.PNO=W.PNO AND
W.SSN=E.SSN AND
NAME='SCOTT');

PNO

111
333
444

2. Show the resulting salaries if every employee working on the ‘IoT’ project is given a 10
percent raise.

SELECT FNAME, LNAME, 1.1*SALARY AS INCR_SAL

FROM EMPLOYEE E, WORKS_ON W, PROJECT P
WHERE E.SSN=W.SSN AND
W.PNO=P.PNO AND
P.PNAME=’IOT’;

SSN NAME ADDRESS SEX SALARY SUPERSSN DNO

111111 RAJ BENGALURU M 700000 1

222222 RASHMI MYSORE F 440000 111111 2
333333 RAGAVI TUMKUR F 880000 3
444444 RAJESH TUMKUR M 715000 333333 3
555555 RAVEESH BENGALURU M 500000 333333 3
666666 SCOTT ENGLAND M 770000 444444 5
777777 NIGANTH GUBBI M 200000 222222 2
888888 RAMYA GUBBI F 400000 222222 3
999999 VIDYA TUMKUR F 650000 333333 3
100000 GEETHA TUMKUR F 800000 3

10 rows selected.

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Database System Concepts and PL/SQL- 20CS34P III Sem CSE

3. Find the sum of the salaries of all employees of the ‘Accounts’ department, as well as the
maximum salary, the minimum salary, and the average salary in this department.
SELECT SUM(SALARY), MAX(SALARY), MIN(SALARY),
AVG(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE E, DEPARTMENT D
WHERE DNAME='ACCOUNTS' AND
D.DNO=E.DNO;
SUM(SALARY) MAX(SALARY) MIN(SALARY) AVG(SALARY)

- - -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

6
4
0
0
0
0
440000 200000 320000

4. Retrieve the name of each employee who works on all the projects controlled by
department number 5 (use NOT EXISTS operator).

SELECT NAME FROM

EMPLOYEE E
WHERE NOT EXISTS( (SELECT PNO
FROM ROJECT
WHERE
DNO=5)
MINUS
(SELECT PNO
FROM WORKS_ON W
WHERE E.SSN=W.SSN))
NAME

SCOTT

5. For each department that has more than five employees, retrieve the department number
and the number of its employees who are making more than Rs. 6,00,000.
SELECT DNO,COUNT(SSN)
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE SALARY>600000 AND DNO
IN(SELECT DNO
FROM EMPLOYEE
GROUP BY DNO
HAVING COUNT(SSN)>5)
GROUP BY DNO ;

DNO COUNT(SSN)

3 4

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