Scribd
Upload
23 views3 pages

Optical Index Figure

what is optical index figure and how it is calculated with the help of various bands.

Uploaded by

yashsvidadheech35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views3 pages

Optical Index Figure

what is optical index figure and how it is calculated with the help of various bands.

Uploaded by

yashsvidadheech35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ASSIGNMENT -2

OPTICAL INDEX FIGURE ?


A spectral index is a mathematical combination of two or more
wavelengths that enhances the information content of the data.
Spectral indices can be used to extract information about specific
features or properties of the Earth's surface, such as vegetation
density, soil moisture, or water quality.
Or
Spectral index is the ratio of broadband spectral bands or as the
normalized differences between two bands. There are various
hyperspectral sensors to capture hyperspectral data whose band
centers are usually slightly different.

HOW IT IS BEING CALCULATED ??


If an image covers an area of 100Km by 100Km.

This translates to approximately 10.000 by 10.000 pixels for


the bands that have 10 meters spatial resolution. Half by half
for the bands that have 20 meters spatial resolution, etc.

So, each pixel is described by n numbers, where n is the


number of spectral bands. A spectral index is calculated using
some of these values (depends on the specific index) in a
mathematical formula.

The most common mathematical formulas that are used is the


normalized difference:

(Bx - By)/(Bx + By)


In practical terms, it is the difference between two selected
bands normalized by their sum. This type of calculus is
very useful to minimize (as much as possible) the effects of
illumination (shadows in mountainous regions, cloud
shadows, etc) and enhance spectral features that are not
visible initially.

Of course, there numerous of different equations that can be


applied on the spectral to produce a spectral index.

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)


enhances the vegetation and more specifically the healthy
vegetation.

The spectral response of vegetation (crops, forests, bushes,


etc) shows a huge increase of the reflection percentage from
700nm to 1000nm.

The main ingredient for this increase in reflection is the


chlorophyll mostly located in the plant leafs.

On the contrary, land (soil, urban structures) without


vegetation, according to the type of surface, has a continuous
linear behaviour.

Beside the determination between of the vegetation and other


objects it allows to detect the vitality of the vegetation.

The NDVI is calculated using the following equation:

NDVI = (Bnear_IR - Bred) / (Bnear_IR + Bred)

where Bnear_Ir is the value of the pixel at the near infrared


band and Bred is the value of the pixel located at the red part
of the spectrum.
The value range of an NDVI is -1 to 1. Negative values of
NDVI (values approaching -1) correspond to water. Values
close to zero (-0.1 to 0.1) generally correspond to barren areas
of rock, sand, or snow.

Values greater than 0.2 are vegetation (the higher the value the
healthier/denser the vegetation).

Similar to NDVI, the Normalized Difference Water Index


(NDWI), as it name suggests, is highly related to water bodies.

It is highly correlated to being a measure of liquid water


molecules in vegetation canopies that interacted with the
incoming solar radiation.

NDWI is sensitive to changes in liquid water content of


vegetation canopies.

It is less sensitive to atmospheric effects than NDVI. NDWI


does not remove completely the underlying effects of soil.

NDWI is considered to be complementary to NDVI and usually


they are both used in order to extract conclusions.

The NDWI is calculated using the following equation:

NDWI = (Bnear_IR - Bmiddle_IR) / (Bnear_IR + Bmiddle_IR)

where Bnear_Ir is the value of the pixel at the near infrared


band and Bmiddle_IR is the value of the pixel located at the
mid infrared part of the spectrum.

It has also a range from -1 to 1. Values higher than 0.2 are


considered either water saturated soils, flooded areas or water
bodies.

NDWI can be used to quickly detect water presence by just


applying a threshold.

You might also like