Class XI Mathematics Notes Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions
Class XI Mathematics Notes Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions
Resource Material
For Revised Syllabus Session 2024-25
EXEMPLAR
SOLUTIONS
MATHS
Class
11
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Chapter 3-
Trigonometric Functions
Exercise
Short Answer Type
1. Prove that
Solution:
According to the question,
Solution:
According to the question,
y =2sinα /(1+cosα+sinα)
Multiplying numerator and denominator by (1 – cos α + sin α),
We get,
Hence Proved
Solution:
According to the question,
tan x = b/a
Let,
6. Prove that cos θ cos θ/2 – cos 3θ cos 9θ/2 = sin7θ sin4θ
[Hint: Express L.H.S. = ½ [2cos θcos θ/2 – 2cos 3θ cos 9θ / 2]
Solution:
Using transformation formula, we get,
2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos (A – B)
-2 sin A sin B = cos(A + B) - cos (A – B)
Multiplying and dividing the expression by 2.
7. If a cos θ + b sin θ = m and a sin θ – b cos θ = n, then show that a2 + b2 = m2 + n2.
Solution:
According to the question,
a cos θ + b sin θ = m …(i)
a sin θ – b cos θ = n …(ii)
Squaring and adding equation 1 and 2, we get,
(a cos θ + b sin θ)2 + (a sin θ – b cos θ)2 = m2 + n2
⇒ a2cos2θ + b2sin2θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ + a2sin2θ + b2cos2θ - 2ab sin θ cos θ = m2 + n2
⇒ a2cos2θ + b2sin2θ + a2sin2θ + b2cos2θ = m2 + n2
⇒ a2(sin2θ + cos2θ) + b2(sin2θ + cos2θ) = m2 + n2
Using, sin2θ + cos2θ = 1,
We get,
⇒ a2 + b2 = m2 + n2
10. If tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ – sin θ = n, then prove that m2 – n2 = 4 sin θ tan θ
[Hint: m + n = 2tanθ, m – n = 2 sin θ, then use m2 – n2 = (m + n)(m – n)]
Solution:
According to the question,
tan θ + sin θ = m …(i)
tan θ – sin θ = n …(ii)
Adding equation i and ii,
2 tan θ = m + n …(iii)
Subtracting equation ii from i,
We get,
2sin θ = m – n …(iv)
Multiplying equations (iii) and (iv),
2sin θ (2tan θ) = (m + n)(m – n)
⇒ 4 sin θ tan θ = m2 – n2
Hence,
m2 – n2 = 4 sin θ tan θ
12. If cosα + cosβ = 0 = sinα + sinβ, then prove that cos 2α + cos 2β = –2cos (α + β).
[Hint: cosα + cosβ)2 – (sinα + sinβ)2 = 0]
Solution:
According to the question,
cosα + cosβ = 0 = sinα + sinβ …(i)
Since, LHS = cos 2α + cos 2β
We know that,
cos 2x = cos2x – sin2x
Therefore,
LHS = cos2α – sin2α + (cos2β – sin2β)
⇒ LHS = cos2α + cos2β – (sin2α + sin2β)
Also, since,
a2 + b2 = (a+b)2 – 2ab
⇒ LHS = (cosα + cosβ)2 – 2cosα cosβ –(sinα + sinβ)2 +2sinα sinβ
From equation (i),
⇒ LHS = 0 - 2cosα cosβ -0 + 2sinα sinβ
⇒ LHS = -2(cosα cosβ – sinα sinβ)
∵ cos (α + β) = cosα cosβ – sinα sinβ
Therefore, LHS = -2 cos (α + β) = RHS
Hence, cos 2α + cos 2β = –2cos (α + β)
13.
If then show that
[Hint: Use componendo and Dividendo]
Solution:
According to the question,
14.
We know that,
tan(x-y) = (tan x – tan y) / (1 + tan x . tan y)
Therefore, tan θ = tan ( α – π/4)
⇒ θ = α - π/4
⇒ α = θ + π/4 …(i)
To prove,
sinα + cosα = √2 cos θ
∵ LHS = sinα + cosα
From equation (i)
⇒ LHS = sin(θ + π/4) + cos(θ + π/4)
∵ sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
And, cos(x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
Therefore, LHS = sin θ cos(π/4) + sin(π/4)cos θ + cos θ cos(π/4) - sin(π/4)sin θ
∵ sin(π/4)=cos(π/4) = 1/√2
⇒ LHS = sin θ (1/√2) + (1/√2) cos θ + cos θ (1/√2) – sin θ (1/√2)
⇒ LHS = 2 cos θ (1/√2)
⇒ LHS = √2 cos θ = RHS
Therefore, sinα + cosα = √2 cos θ
Since we know,
If sin θ = sinα ⇒ θ = nπ + (-1)nα
We get,
θ + π/4 = nπ + (-1)n(π/4)
⇒ θ = nπ + (π/4)((-1)n – 1)
16. Find the most general value of θ satisfying the equation tan θ = –1 and cos θ = 1/√2
Solution:
According to the question,
We have,
tan θ = -1
And cos θ =1/√2 .
⇒ θ = – π/4
So, we know that,
θ lies in IV quadrant.
θ = 2π – π/4 = 7π/4
So, general solution is θ = 7π/4 + 2 n π, n∈ Z
19. If sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0, where 0 < x ≤ π/2, then find the value of x.
Solution:
According to the question,
sec x cos 5x = -1
⇒ cos 5x = -1/sec x
We know that,
sec x = 1/cos x
⇒ cos 5x + cos x = 0
By transformation formula of T-ratios,
We know that,
⇒ 2 cos 3x cos 2x = 0
⇒ cos 3x = 0 or cos 2x = 0
∵ 0 < x ≤ π/2
Therefore, 0< 2x ≤ π or 0< 3x ≤ 3π/2
Therefore, 2x = π/2
⇒ x = π/4
3x = π/2
⇒ x = π/6
Or 3x = 3π/2
⇒ x = π/2
Hence, x = π/6, π/4, π/2.
20. If sin (θ + α) = a and sin (θ + β) = b, then prove that cos 2(α – β) – 4ab cos (α – β) = 1 –
2a2 – 2b2
Solution:
According to the question,
sin (θ + α) = a and sin(θ + β) = b
LHS = cos 2(α – β) – 4ab cos (α – β)
Using cos 2x = 2cos2x – 1,
Let us solve,
⇒ LHS = 2cos2(α – β) - 1 – 4ab cos(α – β)
⇒ LHS = 2cos (α – β) {cos (α – β) – 2ab} – 1
Since,
cos (α – β) = cos {(θ + α) – (θ + β)}
cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
⇒ cos (α – β) = cos(θ + α)cos(θ + β) + sin(θ + α)sin(θ + β)
Since,
sin(θ + α) = a
⇒ cos(θ + α) = √(1 – sin2(θ + α) = √(1 – a2)
Similarly,
cos(θ + β) = √(1 – b2)
Therefore,
cos(α – β) = √(1-a2)√(1-b2) + ab
Therefore,
LHS = 2{ab + √(1 – a2)(1 – b2)}{ab + √(1 – a2)(1 – b2) -2ab} – 1
⇒ LHS = 2{√(1 – a2)(1 – b2) + ab}{√(1 – a2)(1 – b2) - ab}-1
Using (x + y)(x – y) = x2 – y2
⇒ LHS = 2{(1-a2)(1-b2) – a2b2} – 1
⇒ LHS = 2{1 – a2 – b2 + a2b2} – 1
⇒ LHS = 2 – 2a2 – 2b2 – 1
⇒ LHS = 1 – 2a2 – 2b2 = RHS
Therefore,
We get,
cos 2(α – β) – 4ab cos (α – β) = 1 – 2a2 – 2b2
21. If cos (θ + ϕ) = m cos (θ – ϕ), then prove that tan θ = ((1 – m)/(1 + m)) cot ϕ
[Hint: Express cos (θ + ϕ)/ cos (θ – ϕ) = m/l and apply Componendo and Dividendo]
Solution:
According to the question,
22. Find the value of the expression
Solution:
According to the question,
Let, y = 3[sin4 (3π/2 – α) + sin 4 (3π + α)] – 2[sin6 (π/2 + α) + sin6 (5π – α)]
We know that,
sin(3π/2 – α) = -cos α
sin(3π + α) = -sin α
sin(π/2 + α) = cos α
sin(5π – α) = sin α
Therefore,
y = 3[(– cos α)4 + (– sin α)4] – 2[cos6 α + sin6 α]
⇒ y = 3 [cos4α + sin4α] – 2[sin6α + cos6α]
⇒ y = 3[(sin2α + cos2α)2 – 2sin2α cos2α] – 2[(sin2α)3 + (cos2α)3]
Since, we know that,
sin2α + cos2α = 1
Also, we know that,
a3+b3 = (a+b)(a2 – ab + b2)
⇒ y = 3[1 – 2sin2α cos2α] – 2[(sin2α + cos2α)( cos4α + sin4α- sin2α cos2α)]
⇒ y = 3[1 – 2sin2α cos2α] – 2[cos4α + sin4α- sin2α cos2α]
⇒ y = 3[1 – 2sin2α cos2α] – 2[(sin2α + cos2α)2 – 2sin2α cos2α - sin2α cos2α]
⇒ y = 3[1 – 2sin2α cos2α] – 2[1 – 3sin2α cos2α]
⇒ y = 3 – 6sin2α cos2α – 2 + 6 sin2α cos2α
⇒y=1
23. If a cos2θ + b sin 2θ = c has α and β as its roots, then prove that tan α + tan β = 2b/(a + c)
[Hint: Use the identities cos 2θ = (( 1 – tan2 θ)/(1 + tan2 θ) and sin 2θ = 2tan θ/(1 + tan2 θ)]
Solution:
According to the question,
a cos2θ + b sin 2θ = c
α and β are the roots of the equation.
Using the formula of multiple angles,
We know that,
Thus, LHS = xy + x – y + 1 = 0
25. If θ lies in the first quadrant and cos θ = 8/17, then find the value of cos(30° + θ) + cos (45° – θ)
+ cos (120° – θ)
Solution:
According to the question,
cos θ = 8/17
sin θ = ±√(1 – cos2θ)
Since, θ lies in first quadrant, only positive sign can be considered.
⇒ sin θ = √(1 – 64/289) = 15/17
Let, y = cos(30° + θ) + cos (45° – θ) + cos (120° – θ)
We know that,
cos(x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
Therefore,
y = cos30° cos θ – sin30° sin θ + cos45° cos θ + sin45°sin θ +cos120° cos θ + sin120° sin θ
Substituting values of cos30°, sin30°, cos 120°, sin120° and cos 45°
26. Find the value of the expression cos4(π/8) + cos4(3π/8) + cos4(5π/8) + cos4(7π/8).
[Hint: Simplify the expression to
Solution:
According to the question,
Let y = cos4(π/8) + cos4(3π/8) + cos4(5π/8) + cos4(7π/8).
⇒ y = cos4(π/8) + cos4(3π/8) + cos4(π – 3π/8) + cos4(π – π/8).
Since we know that, cos (π – x) = – cos x, we get,
= 2 – (1/√2)2
=2–½
= 3/2
28. Find the general solution of the equation sin x – 3sin2x + sin3x = cos x – 3cos2x + cos3x
Solution:
According to the question,
sin x – 3sin2x + sin3x = cos x – 3cos2x + cos3x
Grouping sin x and sin 3x in LHS and, cos x and cos 3x in RHS,
We get,
sin x + sin3x – 3sin2x = cos x + cos3x – 3cos2x
Applying transformation formula,
cos A + cos B = 2cos ((A + B)/2) cos((A – B)/2)
sin A + sin B = 2sin ((A + B)/2) cos((A – B)/2)
⇒
⇒ 2sin 2x cos x – 3sin 2x = 2cos 2x cos x – 3cos 2x
⇒ 2sin 2x cos x – 3sin 2x – 2cos 2x cos x + 3cos 2x = 0
⇒ 2cos x (sin 2x – cos 2x) – 3(sin 2x – cos 2x) = 0
⇒ (sin 2x – cos 2x)(2cos x – 3) = 0
⇒ cos x = 3/2 or sin 2x = cos 2x
As cos x ∈ [-1,1]
Hence, no value of x exists for which cos x = 3/2
Therefore, sin 2x = cos 2x
⇒ tan 2x = 1 = tan π/4
We know solution of tan x = tan α is given by,
x= nπ + α , n ∈ Z
Therefore, 2x = nπ + (π/4)
⇒ x = nπ/2 + (π/8), n ∈ Z
29. Find the general solution of the equation (√3 – 1) cos θ + (√3 + 1) sin θ = 2
[Hint: Put √3 – 1 = r sin α, √3 + 1 = r cos α which gives tan α = tan((π/4) – (π/6)) α = π/12]
Solution:
Let, r sinα = √3 – 1 and r cosα = √3 + 1
Therefore, r = √{(√3 – 1)2 + (√3 + 1)2} = √8 = 2√2
And, tan α = (√3 – 1) / (√3 + 1)
Therefore, r(sinα cos θ + cosα sin θ) = 2
⇒ r sin (θ+α) = 2
⇒ sin (θ+α) = 1/√2
⇒ sin (θ+α) = sin (π/4)
⇒ θ+α = nπ + (– 1)n (π/4), n ∈ Z
⇒ θ = nπ + (– 1)n (π/4) – (π/12), n ∈ Z
⇒ cos02x + sec2x ≥ 2
⇒ f(x) ≥ 2
Thus, option (D) f(x) ≥ 2 is the correct answer.
37. If tan θ = 3 and θ lies in third quadrant, then the value of sin θ is
A. 1/√10
B. – 1/√10
C. – 3/√10
D. 3/√10
Solution:
C. – 3/√10
Explanation:
According to the question,
Given that, tan θ = 3 and θ lies in third quadrant
⇒ cot θ = 1/3
We know that,
Cosec2θ = 1+cot2θ
= -2cot150°
= -2 cot (180°-30°)
= 2cot30°
=2√3
Thus, option (A) 2√3 is the correct answer.
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