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Lecture 15 - Calculus Classroom Notes

Signum function

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27 views14 pages

Lecture 15 - Calculus Classroom Notes

Signum function

Uploaded by

hellow3533
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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~ Signum function - Soy) = iat = Aignurm Function —> L } &>o De fini tion— : Signum functton FO > OF Xe Lo-l; e Greatest integey function (AIF) =[ J Definition :-— A function ushich retain te Sonpert (greatest) integer less than Ow equal to x. t= f0C9 =) —> Gtr Sox example i) find greatest a) ef eckoe Dg-[5- 2S SHE 35 hore nae >= 52 So- & ts not possible ~ Longest (greatest) Indeper. will be 5 (58 GvT of 5.29 bet Dex than 5.23) fo 0) find greatest Integy of % =Lo. By = [1o] = lotro Ge tale indger So- Grectest intorer will 10. Av Cie, Gt egual to Lo ) GN find Jreadest integey Of mechs 1-055 = -{[- eae ] = Et 5] Sy -2 tos TL >-L5 so- (1 le ret posthle) and, -2 2-155 je, -2 is less thon -E5 and tt is qseotest possible Iwkener So- Greatest integer Of -LS with be -2 ae toL=FLol] = ~Lot integer of 0 ea any op qf MO. com be expressed ag gum of its greatest Integer and fraction pant, veokest = fraction integer Port fow example- 7.32 = [93Q)+ {3324 $32 = F+032 WY) Grveadest integer of W) Greatest > An Let's plot GLE, — > Lets eck Limit for GIF :- oot x=l, Lt Dg RIL LuLE- Lt i : war PI = oie. [EHOFREL RUL:- a (x) =t Limit doen't exist o ot x= 3, ee ee Pe Mes =2 et wg Dd jee [LHL # RHL ie an [ay a2 Limit doesnt exist e at x=-2, St, OY Laut it OJ = -3 i, (cate ant) Rhu de Ea Limit doesn't exit. X>-2t Pak R=15, Lt Dd X15, PS oe) oa MLS7 ~ fe (LHL =RHLsL RHLi- nests joa e Limit. extst eat w= 32,1 BY XIH7 ge Eg je, LHU=RHL=3] RMLi- 1: [x] = 3 Umit exist. R930% beet > % Limit doesrtt exist for” inkegey Functions Raving inkeger posnts “but exists fox atk non-i es points, So- except an integey, for alt values Limit exist fox Greatest integer func”, > Leds = cS a Mit of function et foe) = fim Od x0 LHi: — RHEE it Gd Sooo. meme Xrot | \ | Lt me = 7O00002 | Uk %® an ooeee? O.00000 Lt Fo-000e2)] | . wees XA -0-90002 | e a =a Ov | a 0.000002, —2.000 | {RWL=O | Mcae | (RRL=S] ~ (oa So Limit doesnt exist bd ak *X=00. 5 Letlg Reck the mit of function “= a Le Cee BARRE pre ohIH Fx) = eS ee I = ft) = a Ray toy to convert fhe mM x function in terms of £. mp 5° = fir 384" ie, Foos We ft a] | 7 tit -so og $F is fractional port | : ie, 0003 oy O.000f oF 0-23 OF ongng Foo = it. fi. Sh] ap Oe fa: ony fractional value co Soy sb-o => LfOFt ® No Need to check LHL ov RHL, when a function G'IYA a constant vabere (defintke). act thot point. ', herve is no ambigui \gquity . Limit exist for function 2] at x00 x Quss :- fo a! ee | Hind Ut f(x) Yr So- 14-2, x2 LHL Lt fo = uk (4-2) MI2s x32 ‘ = 4-2) =4-4 =0 i, [LHL 0 RHL- aaa Lt Coy = _ Lt G3) x52" x2 2x2-3 = is (LHF RRL So, Limit doesn't exist I ak KE Ava. Ques +- if foo = | i. burly Xe UW) i$ Ut toy exists find the relationship io blow a& b. WTF 00 = FW, find a kb. Selution- hj Le 500) xoL LHL+- 1 RWUE Lt £69 Le fo \ ay x2)7 \ , = LX (ax+2) = (pxrt) ; xo} xk \ ee = bret | \ = Oe. Sta ; SHEE [aL = are] for the Limit bo exist, LWL =RAL pe zest 4 | ii . OO ~ 7 Lt fey = lata) =tb*Y) Xs) : = f(1) =3 acerding to jusstion- os foo = FL) Se- (a +2) = tbrh) =3 at2=3 \ btir3 f= ka >? Fundamental theowers of Limit t- Tf Le fy=h & a gory =m XC > Constant mubhiple we + Lt kod = k [ut a) = Kxd Ae xed Lt Kee) = KL [Liked = Fe] t= Suramation] substsaction wule- LE (foo #90] LG tk 9¢ XC Fo) + soc e *) Iw = J iva i- multiplication vule i ex ik ~ Lt G(x Lae (yoo: jo] a ee ae? ) = dem lo Aim division we - it FO) Fg XSC gov yretgaealn = m gx) Xo %& division wube ts valid ondy ushen~ Lt go) #0 je, [rm #0 > Stroteies to evaluate imits :- * TF a function gives a finite value at Any point je, there is no ambiguity then there is no need to check for LHL ov REL. Limit always extst fox these type of fund, fox example- Lt (si oa KAOMPIS ne) _ RE x25 = Sin & ee taere is no ombjjuity fee, Limit always exist. > Tndeterminate forms o- There one geven Indeteymi nate formes — G) Sox J form Moe tel pete co > 0% oo a=? or Seo co ° co = B® Indekesminde form i) Oxco [il (C200) oF (20 +00) > Thdeterminate fon (algebraic laws ane not applied for co. ) iv) ye ie Qw) L > Indeterminate foom. for Simnits for example (101)3° = 37-78 7 ™ (0-99)26% = 0.025 —° je, 17% Change is making ver 2 differene 1 Change sm « Tt meons, uhen the value of 1% is approaching foom Left side, the value is decreasing too. and athen approaching from right ‘Aide, the value is Incveasin to oo. je [TAL Lea 5 Indeterminate form (Limit doesn't extst) ae iM dexgtand afer . will unders Wi) 0° ae 7 studying degrade gancr, hy! Wii) oo 2) en |- > Gncept of differentiation - : 47 to ve dy = Word, dy = Fla) - FO) & dx = %,-24 i £m dx = a-® So - dy -Thoo - fay] at fix) -{@) 1 an —(x-@) a xO = Fe) *s we fave token Mat o. So- it will be flea) 7 Let FO) & gtx) be two functions defined Ovey some vegion isk =yx=a be any point over the region . when- Hhen- it fe Lt fly - f@ = J frre 3a 9¢x) xa gic) gia yao in [Fou _ fila) if £00 ~ © gy ie L-Pospital vule is applicable when the func’ fs in 2 ov ZS form. fov_exomple:~ lef fx) & ged ane the funch defined over some vegion ~[- FOO J, fe xX=Q acee: Let f(x) =Sinx & grax at & Point X=0 ren- Lt {09 = Lt Sinx x20 go X30 KR es Indetermi > Sing = 16 ( form apply L-fospital - pe Sine te ese eo wo L * if functions ane not in Lor 8 fom hen Tey to convert them in th & Tren apply Lhospited wile. at taae jouny Fox example Lt (Sine “Cot%) x20 = Sin) x Cot) = Oxo? t Convert it fhto Q ore So- ut (Sinn 4) = Sind —10. x20 ton, Phang o Now apply aaa ~ in = Cog xSe (S aa) a. es 3 = At (este) = (C040) =yset Aw > Proof of [-Rospital yule - = ke 09. _ fia) mee ge) qa) bet-. j4 Too fla) eS fla)= 0 XDA god J@) Ga) = ao) ie ee bix5a gy xa GX)—0 Seedy 2% “Bx gla) = | f'ca) — ete Je= i) g (a) ig fit fo _ Fra) AAO RIA GX) — g'(a), + Proved _ Note- % we fave considered while proving — f(W=so . (a) _o gtay=o, * qe) Ep Ute prove His L-Rospital rule, Batts oshy it is abic alid 2 thy ve ony for 2 oy 2. forms. * L-hespital vule fave some _ alro— a a funetion is too complex to differentiate, s methode become very Le Consuming. ‘d og ad ® There are also dome functions also, which wilt vemain in 2 for after diffeventiation. then apply L- Asset tad role again to get finite value, ® whenever a function fave modulus func’ oy GLF functton, don't ary L-fospitol wale, Just open up Limit & check for LHL & RHL. for example- Lt 7% 9x420 x25 x OX] e ate LHL - | RHL- Le xtgxrzo | Lt 2Cegx420 x3 57 set I x57 Xf] [ | 1 Le Gesrocay | te &-S)Or-4) x57 A) x35* Gey U SoS oe { Gea ee 1 i [LHL RUHL Limit will not exist for the function at *=5 Ans — Exarmple-diy- Lt 2-9 corer \« -3] e— modulus func” HLt- 1 RW | “ | Le x39 t 29 ay ais eal xs 13) © Ue eats) Pe tk Gee <2 TG O| st OD = lt case I = 43) =6 ne SRO = -(3+3) | 2 +6 ' LHL #RHLI So - Limit widk not exist fon He funch at ~x3 fa Gusss tf Ue a. =i tren find a&b. Fixsk check the value of function at x - at x=0, A. Okes bb: 2, = vb-2 ° a ° Let WB~2) fs a finite value Jet P. Pen- Lo ite not deffned ° Gindey minake) but tre func™ fas a finite value 30 - + (Vb-2) must be o then, it become < fom — 40- apply L-fRospitel a * {p-2 =0 ip=2 > | bo4+ ee me x30 > Lt ara -2 2 » Jout -2 , Max+4+2) x20 x Cea (axa +2) = Gaea)= OF x (Yaxre +2) = Axe _ %(Vaxsa +2) Jaxad +2 Ue Joxe-2 _ te aw ele ae XO Jaxag +2 ae aH ene Yaxo+g +2 4 ov Le Jaxee —-2 L ses OO EEE Rpeeeeeeee=eee aa > a=4 | So vals of ab will be 4d py

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