0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views8 pages

Introduction To CN

Introduction to computer networks

Uploaded by

Nikhil Sai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views8 pages

Introduction To CN

Introduction to computer networks

Uploaded by

Nikhil Sai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

Introduction to Computer Networks

Computer Network: A collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a


single technology.
• Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange
information.
• The aim of the computer network is the sharing of information and
resources among various devices.
• In the case of computer network technology, there are several types of
networks that vary from simple to complex level.

A Computer Network consists of a collection of computers, printers


and other equipment that is connected together so that they can
communicate with each other

Components of Computer networks:


A computer network comprises the following components:
➢ A minimum of at least 2 computers.
➢ Cables that connect the computers to each other, although wireless
communication is becoming more common.
➢ A network interface device on each computer (this is called a network
interface card or NIC).
➢ A switch used to switch the data from one point to another. Hubs are
outdated and are little used for new installations.
➢ A router that connects two or more networks or subnetworks.
➢ A modem that is used especially to transmit and receive information
between computers via landlines

1|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

NIC (National interface card):


NIC is a device that helps the computer to communicate with another device.
The network interface card contains the hardware addresses. The data-link layer
protocol use this address to identify the system on the network so that it
transfers the data to the correct destination.

There are two types of NIC:


➢ Wireless NIC: All the modern laptops use the wireless NIC. In Wireless
NIC, a connection is made using the antenna that employs the radio
wave technology.

➢ Wired NIC: Cables use the wired NIC to transfer the data over the
medium.

2|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

Hub:
➢ Hub is a central device that splits the network connection into multiple
devices.
➢ When computer requests for information from a computer, it sends the
request to the Hub.
➢ Hub distributes this request to all the interconnected computers.

Switch:
➢ Switch is a networking device that groups all the devices over the network
to transfer the data to another device.
➢ A switch is better than Hub as it does not broadcast the message over the
network, i.e., it sends the message to the device for which it belongs to.
➢ Therefore, we can say that switch sends the message directly from source
to the destination.

Cables and connectors:


Cable is a transmission media that transmits the communication signals.

3|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

There are three types of Cables.

➢ Twisted pair cable: High-speed cable that transmits the data


over 1Gbps or more.
➢ Coaxial cable: Resembles like a TV installation cable. Coaxial cable is
more expensive than twisted pair cable, but it provides the high data
transmission speed.
➢ Fiber optic cable: High-speed cable that transmits the data using light
beams. It provides high data transmission speed as compared to other
cables. It is more expensive as compared to other cables, so it is installed
at the government level.

Modem:
➢ Modem connects the computer to the internet over the existing telephone
line.
➢ A modem is not integrated with the computer motherboard.
➢ A modem is a separate part on the PC slot found on the motherboard.

4|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

Router:
➢ Router is a device that connects the LAN to the internet.
➢ The router is mainly used to connect the distinct networks or connect the
internet to multiple computers.

Above figure shows how these components are used at different levels of
computer network.

5|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

Computer Network Architecture:


Computer Network Architecture is defined as the physical and logical design
of the software, hardware, protocols, and media of the transmission of data.
Simply we can say that how computers are organized and how tasks are allocated
to the computer.
There are two types of Computer network architectures.

Client/Server Network:
• Is a network model designed for the end users called clients, to access the
resources such as data, songs, video, etc. from a central computer known
as Server.
• The central controller is known as a server while all other computers in
the network are called clients.


• A server performs all the major operations such as security and network
management.
• A server is responsible for managing all the resources such as files,
directories, printer, etc.

6|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

• All the clients communicate with each other through a server. For
example, if client1 wants to send some data to client 2, then it first sends
the request to the server for the permission. The server sends the response
to the client 1 to initiate its communication with the client 2.

Advantages of Client/Server Network:


• It contains the centralized system. Therefore, we can back up the data
easily.
• It has a dedicated server that improves the overall performance of the
whole system.
• Security is better as a single server administers the shared resources.
• It also increases the speed of the sharing resources.

Disadvantages of Client/Server Network:


• Client/Server network is expensive as it requires the server with large
memory.
• A server has a Network Operating System (NOS) to provide the resources
to the clients, but the cost of NOS is very high.
• It requires a dedicated network administrator to manage all the resources.

Peer-To-Peer network:
• Is a network in which all the computers are linked together with equal
privilege and responsibilities for processing the data.
• Useful for small environments, usually up to 10 computers.
• Has no dedicated server.

7|Page
Computer Networks(21CS2212) Introduction to Computer Networks

• Special permissions are assigned to each computer for sharing the


resources, but this can lead to a problem if the computer with the resource
is down.

Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Network:


• It is less costly as it does not contain any dedicated server.
• If one computer stops working, other computers will not stop working.
• It is easy to set up and maintain as each computer manages itself.

Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Network:


• In the case of Peer-To-Peer network, it does not contain the centralized
system. Therefore, it cannot back up the data as the data is different in
different locations.
• It has a security issue as the device is managed itself.

****************************************************************************************

Ch. Radhika Rani

8|Page

You might also like