Module 2 : Fundamentals of Moving Images

Learning Objectives
• Understand the various elements of moving images
• Learn about the different types of moving images
• Shoot movie clips and edit them in Movie App
• Understand the preproduction, production and post-production process of moving
images

SDGs Included

Introduction (Editor H1 Heading)

Recall the actor Prabhas jumping over a waterfall in the movie “Bahubali”, or Superman
flying from one place to another, or even Tom running after Jerry, the mouse, in the famous
cartoon. All are examples of moving images. Moving images are all around us.
A moving image is a series of images that, when played in fast succession, provide the
illusion of motion. Moving images can be caught by a camera, made by an animator, or
produced by a computer. Examples of moving images include films, animations, videos, news
clips, home movies, slide shows, screen tests, broadcasts, and multimedia. They can be
viewed in a variety of formats, including cinema theatres, television, online platforms, and
mobile devices. The moving picture is one of the most potent forms of narrative and
communication, and it has become an essential component of modern culture.

Video Session
Watch the movie to understand the evolution of moving images: The History of Moving
Images https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skbjhWdUPZs
(EDITOR PLEASE GIVE QR CODE)

Elements of Moving Images (Editor: H1 Heading)

It is essential to understand the technical terms involved in the making of a moving image.
Let us have a look at each one:
Shot (Editor: H2 Heading)
The term “shot” refers to the appearance of the subjects in each frame. This is determined by
how far the camera is set from the subject, or by using an adjustable lens to simulate distance.
The shot is also determined by the camera’s angle and movement in relation to the subject in
view. Each shot, like every word in a written book, serves a purpose. Shots are chosen based
on their objective, which includes genre, theme, and audience. A feature film, for example,
uses different shots than a television chat show. Let us learn about the different types of shots:

Shot Name Explanation

Wide/Long Shot A wide shot (WS) is also known as a long shot (LS) and depicts a
comprehensive view from a distance. This could be comparable to
what we would observe if we gazed out across a field. If a person is
in such a shot, their entire body is seen, from head to foot, and they
may appear little and distant.

A WS or LS is the most popular establishing shot. An establishing

shot reveals vital details about the scene, atmosphere, or context in
which subsequent events will occur. It is usually the first in a scene
or sequence.

Medium Shot Also known as an MS, falls somewhere between a close-up and a
wide shot (or LS). An MS of a person is often taken from the waist
up.

Medium close-up An MCU is closer as compared to the medium shot. A person’s

MCU displays from the mid-chest to the head.

Close-up Shot CU of a person reveals the head and shoulders.

Big close-up (BCU) Also known as an extreme close-up (ECU), of a person shows the
head, often from the bottom of the chin to the middle of the
forehead.

A CU or BCU may indicate human emotions, such as grief (by

tears) or anxiety (via repetitious wringing of the hands). They can
reveal private information, as in a letter BCU, emphasize other
symbols, such as police identification, or heighten suspense by
focusing on a door handle turning.

Subjective Shot A subjective shot is one that is framed from the perspective of a
particular character. Subjective shots can illustrate how a character
sees, such as an out-of-focus shot from the perspective of someone
who is hurt, waking up, or under the influence of drugs.

Over-the-shoulder This shot is filmed from behind the character, is similar to the
Shot subjective shot. This shot frequently glances at another character
and is followed by a reverse-angle image of the person with their
back to the camera.
 Full shot A full shot is a film camera shot that allows your subject to fill the
frame from head to toe while allowing some scenery to show
through. Full shots can convey a character's appearance, movement,
mannerisms, traits, or actions before focusing on their reaction or
emotions. For example, to communicate fearlessness, use a full shot
of a character's confident stance or walk.

A full shot differs from a wide shot in that it concentrates on the

character within the frame.

(Image Source: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/ultimate-guide-to-camera-shots/)

(EDITOR: PLEASE REDRAW)

Did you Know?

Recall the movie Hulk. It used various camera shots to show different perspectives. For
example, when Hulk looks down on Betty—a wide view reduces her size in the frame,
emphasizing her powerlessness in compared to Hulk. While we are in Hulk's POV, the
camera switches to extreme close-ups anytime his attention is drawn to something that
irritates him (like soldiers pointing guns at him). When Hulk is running away, the camera
pulls back to show that the monster is moving.
Another example, this time from the movie How to Train your Dragon. When Hiccup frees
Toothless from the net, he shot him with, Toothless leaps upon him and pins him down leading
to several seconds of a close up of the dragon’s face. This creates a really intense moment.
DT Task – 1

Watch the video: Ultimate Guide to Camera Shots: Every Shot Size Explained [The
Shot List, Ep 1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyML8xuKfoc&t=277s
(EDITOR: PLEASE GIVE QR CODE)

Now create a cheat sheet of all the shots that you have studied similar to the one
shown in the video. You can pick shots from your favourite movies!

(Editor: File name: M1.PNG)

Did you Know?

The 1928 epic The Passion of Joan of Arc is perhaps the most prominent film to use the
close-up shot. The film lasted two hours and was nearly completely composed of close-ups.

Scene (Editor H2 Heading)

A scene is usually made up of a series of events and dialogue that take place at a specified
location and time. It frequently features one or more characters and is typically shot in a
single continuous take or as a sequence of shots. Scenes can be compared to sentences, which
build up paragraphs and form a whole story. Similarly, scenes serve as the foundation for the
entire film’s sequences.
There are two categories of Scene:

• Opening Scene: Characters, plots, settings, and the flow of the story are introduced in
the opening scenes.
• Closing Scene: A post-credits scene, sometimes called as a stinger or mid-credits
scene, is a short segment that plays after all or portion of the final credits have rolled
 and occasionally after a movie or television show’s production logo has appeared.
(Marvel movies are famous for their post-credits scenes!)

Sequence (Editor H2 Heading)

A sequence is a collection of episodes that form a separate narrative unit, typically linked by
a unity of location or a unity of time. For example, a theft-themed film could have an
extended recruitment sequence in which the gang's leader gathers the conspirators, a robbery
sequence, an escape sequence, and so on. Each of these sequences may have additional sub-
sequences; for example, the robbery sequence may include an entering sequence, a safe-
cracking sequence, and so on.

(Image source: https://www.sportphotogallery.com/blog/design/up-your-photography-

game-learn-how-to-take-sequence-shots/)

Camera Framing (Editor H2 Heading)

Camera framing refers to the placement and arrangement of subjects in your shots. Rather
than directing the camera at the subject, you must compose the image. The number of
subjects in a frame, as well as their physical connection to each other and the camera, is an
important issue for filmmakers and videographers while framing.
Considerations while framing a shot:
✓ Size—the size of your subject has a direct relationship with its importance.
✓ Relationships – When we see more than one figure in a frame, we are supposed to
acknowledge their relationship (romantic, contentious, etc.)
✓ Balance - A "balanced" frame has features on both the left and right side of the frame.
 One/Two/Three Shot:
Number of people in
your frame
OTS: When two
individuals are
conversing, this
approach allows you
to shoot over one of
the characters’
shoulders for a more
intimate portrayal of
the dialogue. The
other people may be
seen or blurred,
depending on the
focus.

POV: This shot uses

the first-person point
of view to show us the
world through the
character’s eyes. It can
let us visualize what’s
coming for us, who
we’re following, and
feel thoroughly
engaged in the
storyworld.

(Image Source: https://nofilmschool.com/camera-shots-and-angles)

Camera Angles (Editor H2 Heading)

This represents the camera’s position as it captures the animated scene. It can be low, high, or
at eye level, and it can alter our perception and emotional response to what is happening in
the animation. Essentially, it's like determining where to stand when taking a photograph or
filming a movie.
(Image Source: https://nofilmschool.com/camera-shots-and-angles)
To know more about camera shots and angles, read the blog https://boords.com/blog/16-
types-of-camera-shots-and-angles-with-gifs (Editor: Please give QR code)
Camera Movements (Editor H2 Heading)

(Image Source: https://beverlyboy.com/cinematography/camera-movements-explained-

with-examples/)
(Editor: Please redraw image)
Camera movements are a vital part of video production. They can be an effective storytelling
element, increasing tension, generating emotions, and drawing the audience into the action.
Without saying anything, camera movements can change the entire narrative of a scene and
direct the audience's attention where you want it.

Movement#1: Zooming
Zooming is one of the most common camera movements for creating a fast
burst of visual attention. A well-timed zoom may add excitement and
drama to a scene, as well as bring a vital component into focus. Zooming
is so popular that it's become an aid for videographers trying to make a
shot more interesting. (Editor: Please redraw image)

Movement#2: Pan
A pan (or panning shot) occurs when the camera moves horizontally from a fixed location,
either left or right. This camera movement, derived from "panorama", can be used to define
locations and monitor subjects within them. Panning is a relatively simple camera movement,
but it's a really adaptable technique to construct a scene.

(Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bird_in_flight-

_Panning_shot.jpg)
Movement#3: Tilt
A tilting shot is a camera movement along a fixed vertical axis, either upwards or
downwards. Tilting, like panning, is widely employed in establishing shots that introduce
characters or surroundings. Tilting the camera down can produce the appearance of distance
or depth, but tilting up creates a feeling of power and importance.

(Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edinburgh_-_Tilt-

Shift_%287199233260%29.jpg)

Movement#4: Dolly
In both pan and tilt views, the camera rotates without leaving its steady, central location. In
contrast, dolly shots involve physically moving the camera forward or backward. This camera
mobility is accomplished by mounting the camera to a track or motorized vehicle. When done
correctly, dolly shots allow you to experiment with perspective to achieve a range of unique
and dramatic effects.

(Image source: https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/6-affordable-ways-to-capture-

great-dolly-shots/)
Movement#5: Truck Shot

(Image source: https://boords.com/blog/16-types-of-camera-shots-and-angles-with-gifs)

Trucking shots are identical to dolly shots, except that the camera moves left to right rather
than forward or backward. In a trucking shot, the camera is mounted on a tripod or vehicle
that moves horizontally down a track. This camera movement can dictate the pace of a scene
or track a character's movements.

DT Task 2

Have a look at all the camera movements by clicking on the following link:

https://boords.com/blog/16-types-of-camera-shots-and-angles-with-gifs

(Editor: Please give QR code)

• Which movement did you like the best? Give reasons.

• Which movement is the simplest and which one is the most difficult to
conduct? Why?
Lighting (Editor H2 Heading)
The lighting arrangement highlights a specific performer, item, or facet of a scene. The
lighting reflects the psychology of the characters. Characters’ lighting can be adjusted to
reflect their emotions, including brightness, size, colour, and roughness.
(Image Source: https://rangefinderonline.com/news-features/tips-
techniques/photography-basics-how-light-placement-alters-a-subjects-face-video/)

Video Session
Watch the following videos to understand more about lighting fundamentals:
• Ultimate Guide to Cinematic Lighting — Types of Light & Gear Explained [Shot List
Ep. 12]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2nD_knsNrc
• Understand the use of lighting to create suspense! Watch the video How to Create
Suspense with Lighting : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7INYdLxlXD8
(EDITOR: PLEASE GIVE QR CODE)
Now answer the following questions:
• What is Practical Light?
• Which kind of light is used in intense scenes and in romantic scenes?
• Can you think of any Bollywood movie that used similar lighting techniques to create
suspense as in the second video above?

Types of Moving Images (Editor: H1 Heading)

Moving images are now widespread in our daily lives due to their ability to engage people
while making knowledge simple to absorb and retain. Moving images are more convincing
than still images and can be an effective marketing strategy. Let us now study the different
types of moving images.
 Animation GIFs- A type of graphic picture that plays a succession of
static images in a continuous and sequential manner. The growing
number of apps available in the market has made it easier to create
animated GIFs.

Film/Cinema - A film, motion picture, or movie is a compilation of

static images on film that are rapidly and sequentially projected onto a
screen using light.

Documentary film - A non-fictional film that tries to “document reality,

primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a
historical record”. For example, a wildlife documentary film.

News Report - Newspapers frequently include reports with the objective

of keeping readers informed about local events. You must follow a
precise format when writing news stories/reports. This construction is
also known as the Inverted Pyramid.

Interactive video - A sort of moving image that allows viewers to

interact with the video's content directly. There are various ways to
interact with an interactive video than simply pressing play or pause.

Interview - A moving image that contains information about the person

being interviewed. Interviews can be more personal than narrations and
convey a more authentic tone.

(EDITOR: KINDLY ADD RELEVANT IMAGES IN THE ABOVE GRAPHIC)

Moving pictures are often referred to as cinema. In fact, it now refers more broadly to both
the structure in which films are viewed and the film producing process.

Production of Moving Images (Editor: H1 Heading)

Now that we have understood about camera shots, angles and moving images, let us now
move to the production of moving images. This involves activities such as recording sound,
editing both picture and sound, creating special effects, adding titles and credits and
producing animation.

Recording speech + images comprise recording the sound associated with a photograph on a
photographic strip of film, usually but not always on the same strip as the photograph.
Nowadays, various techniques are available which can record a digital or analogue sound
track, as well as a magnetic or optical signal.

The art and design of movie title sequences is known as “film title design”. It has been an
integral part of every motion picture since the invention of film. It gradually evolved from
title art, a static work of art, to a distinct art form (Recall 2012 and the Iron Man movies!)

Film credits recognize on-screen and behind-the-scenes talent. They are made up of several
specialists who perform a number of tasks to generate films.
Professional filmmaking includes a postproduction phase that maybe longer than the actual
filming. This stage involves adjusting the image and sound tracks, making special effects,
titles, and other optical effects, selecting and generating nonsynchronous sounds, sound
effects, and music, and merging all of these elements.

Nowadays all this is done through various apps like Windows Movie App, Filmora, Android
Studio, Movavi Video Editor etc.
Windows Movie App in Windows 10 is the easiest to use. Let us understand the working of
this app.
App Byte: Using Video Editor in Windows 10 (Editor: This content is same as given in
Class XII Unit 1 803 book-lifted from that book only)
You can add music, text, motion, and 3D effects to your videos using the tools provided by
the Video Editor app. It is a replacement for Movie Maker with an emphasis on simple
creative tools that aid in narrative telling.
You may either access the app from the Start menu or the Search bar by typing "video editor"
and selecting "Video Editor."

(EDITOR: SS1.png)

To make a new video that you can customize from beginning to end:
• Open the app from the Start menu or by typing "Video Editor" into the Search box
and choosing Video Editor.
• A new video project will appear.

(EDITOR: SS2.png)
• Give your video a name and click OK.
• The screen looks as follows:
 (EDITOR: SS3.png)
• You can utilise ‘From the web’ option to search for content on Bing after clicking on
Add, then choose the place from which you wish to add photos or videos.
• Choose the movies or photos you want to utilise.
• Drag the visuals onto your storyboard.

(Editor: SS4.png)
(Editor : SS5.png)

(Editor : SS6.png)
You can alter the appearance and feel of any image or video after you've organised your
Storyboard. The steps are as follows:

• Choose a picture or video from the Storyboard.

• Select Duration to alter the length of time a photo is displayed, or select Duration
while selecting multiple images to alter the duration for all of the selected images at
once.
• Select a button such as Trim or Split for editing (only applicable to video clips), or
Text or Motion (photos or video clips).

(Editor : SS6.png)

Adding Effects in the Video App

You can give your images and video clips various effects. Choose one of the following
possibilities:

• Filters - give your video or photo a visual makeover (for example, making it black &
white)
• Motion - adds additional visual interest to photographs.
• Duration - adjusts a video clip's time.
• Rotate - modifies the direction of a picture or video.
• If your image or video has a different aspect ratio than your project, you can zoom in
and eliminate the letterboxing effect by hiding or showing black bars.

(Editor : SS7.png)
Adding Music

Choose from a variety of tracks under Background music, then, if desired, click Sync your
movie to the beat before clicking Done.

(Editor : SS8.png)

You can also add and time your own music, narration, or sound effects by choosing Custom
audio at the top of the screen.

(Editor : SS8.png)

Select Finish video after finishing your project, then choose Export to share your movie
online. If you'd like, you can regulate the video quality.
(Editor : SS9.png)

Video Session

Watch the following movies to understand the working of the Video App/Clipchamp App
(Windows 11)

• How to use Free Windows 10 Video Editor :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6yQwLuoO3w
• Clipchamp Video Editing Tutorial: FREE Windows 11 Video Editor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMH38LNONoU
(EDITOR: PLEASE GIVE QR CODE)

DT Task 3 - Action! Freeze Frame!

Materials Required:
• Open space in a classroom or corridor
• Large sheets of paper (optional)
• Markers (optional)
Activity:
1. Warm-up and Team Building (10 minutes):
o Briefly discuss different camera angles (high angle, low angle, eye
level, etc.) and their typical effects on the viewer's perception.
o Divide students into small groups of 3-4.
2. Living Pictures! (20 minutes):
o Explain that each group will create a “living picture” showcasing a
specific scene or situation.
 o The scene can be anything from a dramatic confrontation to a funny
skit.
o Challenge each group to choose a specific camera angle for their
scene (e.g., high angle for a scene of vulnerability, low angle for a
scene of power).

3. Freeze Frame Action! (20 minutes):

o Give each group time to plan their scene, focusing on how their chosen
camera angle will be portrayed through body language and
positioning.
o Encourage them to consider how actors would move and interact
within the limitations of the chosen camera angle.
o Once ready, each group will perform their "living picture" scene,
holding a freeze frame pose at the climax of the scene.

4. Group Discussion and Analysis (15 minutes):

o After each group performs, have the class discuss the effectiveness of
the chosen camera angle.
o Questions to consider:
▪ How did the camera angle make you feel about the characters
or the situation?
▪ How would the scene be different if a different angle were
used?
▪ Did the group effectively portray the limitations and effects of
their chosen camera angle through their movements?

5. Optional - Capture the Angle (10 minutes - requires materials):

o (If materials are available) Students can draw or sketch their "living
picture" scenes on large sheets of paper, emphasizing the chosen
camera angle and character positioning. They can label the angle used
and explain its impact on the scene.

(Note to the Teacher: This collaborative activity allows students to learn about
camera angles in a fun and interactive way. By physically acting out scenes and
analyzing different perspectives, students gain a deeper understanding of how
camera angles influence storytelling and audience perception.)
DT Task 4 - Game Time!

(Editor: Redraw Image)

Play the quiz by going to the following link: https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-

school/story.php?title=camera-angles-quiz

(Editor: Please give QR code)

(EDITOR: M3. PNG)

Chapter Recall
• A moving image is a series of images that, when played in fast succession, provide the
illusion of motion.
• Examples of moving images include films, animations, videos, news clips, home
movies, slide shows, screen tests, broadcasts, and multimedia.
• The term “shot” refers to the appearance of the subjects in each frame.
• Shots are chosen based on their objective, which includes genre, theme, and audience.
• A scene is usually made up of a series of events and dialogue that take place at a
specified location and time.
• A sequence is a collection of episodes that form a separate narrative unit, typically
linked by a unity of location or a unity of time.
• Camera framing refers to the placement and arrangement of subjects in your shots.
• Camera angle represents the camera’s position as it captures the animated scene. It
can be low, high, or at eye level, and it can alter our perception and emotional
response to what is happening in the animation.
• Different types of moving images include animated GIFs, film, video, interactive video
and 3D images.
• Post production work involves activities such as recording sound, editing both picture
and sound, creating special effects, and producing animation. All this can be done
through the Windows Movie App.
Solved Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

1) The term _____ refers to the appearance of the subjects in each frame.
a) Moving image b) shot
c) sequence d) scene
Answer: b) shot
2) A scene is usually made up of a series of ____ and dialogue that take place at a
specified location and time.
a) shots b) interactive video
c) events d) animation
Answer: c) events
3) What camera movement involves moving the camera closer to or farther away from
the subject without changing the lens focal length?
a) Dolly b) Tilt
c) Pan d) Zoom
Answer: d) Zoom
4) A type of graphic picture that plays a succession of static images in a continuous and
sequential manner.
a) Video b) Animation GIFs
c) Film d) 3D image
Answer: b) Animation GIFs
5) Also known as an extreme close-up of a person shows the head, often from the
bottom of the chin to the middle of the forehead. Identify this type of shot.
a) Big Close-up b) Medium Shot
c) Close-Up Shot d) Long shot
Answer: a) Big Close-up
6) This means determining where to stand when taking a photograph or filming a
movie. Identify ‘this’.
a) Camera shot b) sequence
c) Camera Angle d) Camera framing
Answer: c) Camera Angle
7) This involves activities such as recording sound, editing both picture and sound,
creating special effects, and producing animation. This is _______ work.
a) Shot b) Film
c) Animation d) Post Production
Answer: d) Post Production
8) Shots which are ____ angle are often used to make characters look large and
powerful.
a) High b) low
c) Shoulder d) Zoom
Answer: b) low
9) ____ shot is usually the first in a scene or sequence.
a) Wide b) Medium
c) Subjective d) Close-up
Answer: a) Wide
 10) A moving image is a series of images that, when played in fast succession,
provide the illusion of ____.
a) Running b) film
c) motion d) animation
Answer: c) motion

I. Fill in the blanks

1) Considerations while framing a shot include: ____, ____ and _____.
2) Characters, plots, settings, and the flow of the story are introduced in the
_____ scenes.
3) A moving image is a series of images that, when played in fast succession,
provide the illusion of _____.
4) This shot frequently glances at another character and is followed by a reverse-
angle image of the person with their back to the camera. This shot is called
_____.
5) _______ involves activities such as recording sound, editing both picture and
sound, creating special effects, adding titles and credits and producing
animation.
6) This shot uses the first-person point of view to show us the world through the
character’s eyes. This shot is called _______.
7) Camera framing refers to the placement and arrangement of _____ in your
shots.
8) The camera movement called ______ is accomplished by mounting the
camera to a track or motorized vehicle.
9) A sequence is a _____ of episodes that form a separate narrative unit,
10) The moving picture is one of the most potent forms of _____ and
communication, and it has become an essential component of modern culture.

Answers: 1) balance, size and relationships 2) opening 3) motion

4) Over the Shoulder 5) Production of moving images
6) Point of View 7) subjects 8) dolly
9) collection 10) narrative

II. State True or False

1) A feature film uses same shots as a television chat show.
2) The lighting arrangement highlights a specific performer, item, or facet of a
scene.
3) You need not follow a precise format when writing news reports.
4) Scenes can be compared to sentences, which build up paragraphs and form a
whole story.
5) The art and design of movie title sequences is known as “film credits”.

Answers: 1) False 2) True 3) False

4) True 5) False

III. Short answer type questions

1) What is the purpose of adding credits at the end of a movie/film?
Answer: Credits at the end of a film are crucial because they acknowledge the
individuals who contributed to its production. Credits are used to express
gratitude for the work of the director, writer, actors, and others involved.
 Credits also provide information for industry professionals, which can lead to
future opportunities.
2) Identify the camera angle/type of shot in the following images
a)

(Image source: https://www.movavi.io/camera-shots-and-angles/)

b)

(Image source: https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/video/tips-and-

solutions/filmmaking-101-camera-shot-types)
c)

(Image source: https://www.movavi.io/camera-shots-and-angles/)

d)

(Image source: https://www.movavi.io/camera-shots-and-angles/)

 e)

(Image Source: https://www.psaroloco.org/camera-shots-size-explained)

Answer: a) High Angle b) Long shot c) Over the shoulder

d) Extreme Close-up e) Full shot

3) What is the purpose of camera angles?

Answer: The psychology of how we interpret a shot, along with any persons
or things inside it, is influenced by the camera angles. High-angle
photographs, for instance, are generally believed to make characters appear
small or weak. On the other hand, characters are made to appear huge and
powerful by using low-angle shots.
4) Differentiate between the two types of scenes.
Answer:
Opening Scene Closing Scene
Played in the beginning of the Played at the end of the
movie/video. movie/video.
Characters, plots, settings, and the Sums up the story of the current
flow of the story are introduced in movie or sets the plot/story line for
the opening scenes. the next movie in the series.

5) Identify the following camera movement techniques:

a) Imagine you’re filming a scene where the heroine walks down a long
hallway, revealing the grand interior of a palace. What camera
movement smoothly follows the heroine’s walk, keeping her in frame
while showcasing the environment?
b) You're directing a breathtaking mountain vista scene. What camera
movement would slowly sweep across the landscape, allowing viewers
to drink in the entire view?
c) You're creating a suspenseful scene where a detective examines a
crime scene photo. What camera movement allows you to start with a
wide shot of the photo, then slowly zoom in on a tiny, suspicious
detail?
d) You're filming a high-speed chase scene through city streets. What
camera movement keeps pace with the speeding vehicles, putting
viewers right in the heart of the action?
e) Imagine you're directing a scene where two characters are having a
tense conversation. They're both important to the scene. How can you
 use a camera movement to smoothly switch your focus between them
without changing camera position?
f) Describe a scene where you would combine different camera
movements to create a specific mood or effect.
Answers: a) Dolly Shot b) Panning Shot c) Zooming
d) Truck Shot e) Panning Shot (panning from one character to the
other f) You could use a Panning Shot to slowly reveal a dark and mysterious
forest, then a Truck Shot to follow a character cautiously walking into the
woods. Zooming in on their eyes as they see a strange light flickering in the
distance would add suspense.

6) What activities are included in post-production process?

Answer: Post-production process involves activities such as recording sound,
editing both picture and sound, creating special effects, adding titles and
credits and producing animation.

7) Identify the following camera angles:

a) You’re directing a scene where a villain is interrogating a helpless
character. What camera angle positions the camera above the subject,
emphasizing the villain's power and the character's helplessness?
b) You’re filming a conversation between two close friends sharing a
heartfelt moment. What camera angle positions the camera at eye level
with the characters, creating a sense of intimacy and connection?
c) You’re designing a fight scene between two characters. What camera
angle puts you right in the middle of the action, mirroring the perspective
of one of the fighters?
d) You’re directing a scene from the perspective of a tiny mouse running
through a kitchen. What camera angle positions the camera very low to the
ground, creating a sense of being small and overwhelmed by the
surroundings?
e) You’re filming a scene where a secret agent is peeking through a keyhole
to gather intel. What camera angle replicates the limited view of the agent
looking through the keyhole?
Answers: a) High Angle Shot b) Eye Level Shot
c) Over-the-Shoulder Shot d) Low Angle Shot
e) Point-of-View (POV) Shot

8) Imagine you're a movie detective, tasked with cracking the code of a film.
What are these mini-stories within a movie called, and how do they work
together to create the overall plot?
Answer: These mini-stories are called ‘sequences’. They're like chapters in a
book, made up of connected scenes that focus on a specific event or goal
within the movie.

9) How is a wide shot different from an establishing shot?

Answer: A wide shot is a shot size, whereas an establishing shot is a
technique. Wide shots refer to the distance between the camera and the
subject, whereas establishing shots come at the opening of a film or a new
scene to define where and when the action occurs. A wide shot can be an
establishing shot, but it is not always so.
 10) Answer the following questions:
a) What shot gets super close to show tiny details?
b) What shot shows a vast area, like a landscape?
c) What camera angle shows what a character sees?
d) How are related scenes grouped together in a movie?
Answers: a) A: Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
b) Wide Shot (WS) or Establishing Shot
c) Point-of-View (POV) Shot
d) Sequences

IV. Long answer type questions

1) What is a moving image? Give examples.
Answer: A moving image is a series of images that, when played in fast
succession, provide the illusion of motion. Moving images can be caught by a
camera, made by an animator, or produced by a computer. Examples of
moving images include films, animations, videos, news clips, home movies,
slide shows, screen tests, broadcasts, and multimedia.

2) Imagine you’re directing the opening scene of a horror movie. How could you
use different camera angles to establish a sense of unease and foreshadow
danger?
Answer: You could use a High Angle Shot to show a seemingly peaceful
house, then transition to a Low Angle Shot looking up at the dark windows,
followed by a Dutch Angle (tilted camera) to create a sense of unease. A POV
shot from the perspective of someone sneaking around the house could further
build suspense.

3) Explain the concept of camera movement and its effect on audience

engagement, citing examples from film or television.
Answer: In Bollywood films, camera movement is a master storyteller.
Tracking shots, like the one following the carefree friends in "Dil Chahta Hai,"
pull us directly into the scene. Imagine gliding alongside them on their road
trip! In contrast, static shots hold our focus. Picture the interrogation scene in
"Kahaani" where the camera stays fixed on Vidya Balan's intense
performance. By using movement or stillness, directors control what we see
and how we feel. These choices create rhythm, guide our attention, and
amplify emotions, making us fully invested in the story.

4) Discuss the importance of sequences in film and storytelling, providing two

examples of effective sequence transitions.
Answer: In movies, sequences are like building blocks that come together to
tell a story and evoke emotions. Bollywood films are skilled at using these
blocks to create engaging stories. For example, in “3 Idiots,” the scene shifts
seamlessly from a serious classroom scene to a comedic moment, making us
laugh and enjoy the lighter side of the story. Similarly, in "Dangal," the
transition from intense training sessions to victorious wrestling matches
captures the journey and success of the characters effectively.
 These transitions in Bollywood movies make the storytelling smooth and
captivating. They help us connect with the characters and feel the ups and
downs of their experiences.

5) Give examples of the following shots and the emotions they convey from
some famous movies:
a) Wide shot
b) Medium shot
c) Close-up shot
d) Extreme close-up
Answer: In filmmaking, various types of shots are used to convey different
messages and create specific effects.
a) Wide shots establish the setting and context, such as the iconic shot of
Hogwarts in "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone."
b) Medium shots focus on characters and their interactions, like the
dialogue scenes in "Dil Chahta Hai" that capture the emotions of the
characters.
c) Close-up shots emphasize details and emotions, seen in "Black
Panther" during intense confrontations, drawing viewers into the
characters' expressions.
d) Extreme close-ups, as seen in "Dangal," highlight specific features or
objects for dramatic impact.
These shot types serve diverse purposes, from providing context to
intensifying emotions and building connections with the audience.

V. Competency based questions

Consider the following case study:
You’re making a thriller scene where the main character, Sangeeta, is stuck in a
spooky house trying to find a key before the bad guy shows up. Your job is to use
camera movements to make the scene more suspenseful. Here are the questions:
• Panning: When Sangeeta enters the house, how would you use panning to
show the big, empty space and make it feel creepy? Explain which way the
camera would move and how fast.
• Zooming: Sangeeta finds an old record player. How could you use
zooming to make viewers focus on something important hidden in the
record player?
Answer:
• Panning: Use a slow pan from Sangeeta’s face to show the big, empty
warehouse. This highlights her helplessness and lets viewers explore with
her.
• Zooming: Start with a medium shot of the record player, then slowly zoom
in on a detail like a dusty record slot. This focuses attention and hints at
something important hidden inside.
Unsolved Questions

I. Tick the correct answer

1) A moving image is a series of images that, when played in fast succession,
provide the ____ of motion.
(a) set (b) illusion
(c ) picture (d) aspect
2) In movies, _____ are like building blocks that come together to tell a story and
evoke emotions.
(a) shots (b) truck shot
(c ) wide shot (d) sequences
3) What camera movement is used to rotate the camera horizontally from a fixed
point?
(a) Zoom (b) Tilt
(c ) Pan (d) Truck shot
4) Which shot focuses closely on a specific detail or object, such as a character's
eyes or a key object in the scene?
(a) Long shot (b) Extreme close-up
(c ) Medium shot (d) Over-the-shoulder shot
5) _____ can be low, high, or at eye level, and it can alter our perception and
emotional response to what is happening in the animation.
(a) Camera framing (b) shot
(c) Sequence (d) Camera angle
6) Which camera angle is commonly used to make characters appear powerful
and dominant?
(a) High angle (b) Low angle
(c ) Eye-level angle (d) Dutch angle
7) What does the production of moving images involve?
(a) Only recording speech and images
(b) Editing pictures only
(c) Adding titles and credits
(d) Recording sound, editing both picture and sound, creating special
effects, adding titles and credits, and producing animation.
8) Tilting the camera ____ can produce the appearance of distance or depth.
(a) up (b) down
(c ) left (d) right
9) What is the purpose of an opening scene in a film?
(a) To introduce the closing scene
(b) To introduce characters, plots, settings, and the flow of the story
(c) To display post-credits scenes
(d) To show the production logo
10) What does camera framing in filmmaking refer to?
(a) Directing the camera at the subject
(b) Placing and arranging subjects in shots
(c) Adjusting the camera angle
(d) Adding special effects to the shot

II. Fill in the blanks

1) _____ shots emphasize details and emotions.
2) A sequence is a collection of _____ that form a separate narrative unit.
 3) This shot uses the first-person point of view to show us the world through
the _____ eyes.
4) The art and design of movie title sequences is known as _______.
5) Recording speech + images comprise recording the _____ associated with a
photograph on a photographic strip of film

III. Short answer type questions

1) What is the purpose of an establishing shot in filmmaking?
2) How does camera framing affect a shot?
3) What is the effect of a tilt shot in filmmaking?
4) What is the purpose of camera movements in video production?
5) How does lighting reflect characters’ emotions in filmmaking?
IV. Long answer type questions
1) Explain how camera movements, such as zooming, panning, and tilting,
enhance storytelling and audience engagement in filmmaking.
2) Discuss the role of camera framing in creating visual composition and
narrative structure in filmmaking.
3) Analyse the impact of camera angles, such as low angle, high angle, and eye-
level shots, on audience perception and emotional response in filmmaking.
4) Compare and contrast the functions of scenes and sequences in filmmaking,
highlighting their respective roles in storytelling and narrative structure.
5) Evaluate the effectiveness of different lighting techniques, such as high-key
and low-key lighting, in conveying contrasting moods and atmospheres in
filmmaking, using examples from Bollywood films.

V. Competency based questions

1) Welcome to the exciting world of moving images! Just like video games have
different camera angles to immerse you in the action, films use various “shots”
to tell their story. Let's test your skills and see if you can master these
filmmaking techniques!
a) Imagine you're a detective on a film set. You need to examine tiny details
for clues. What type of shot zooms in super close, revealing every wrinkle
and bead of sweat?
b) You're creating a video game where the hero explores a vast alien
landscape. What kind of shot would capture the breathtaking scenery and
sense of scale?
c) You're filming a tense conversation between two detectives interrogating a
suspect. What shot perfectly shows both detectives and the suspect in the
frame, allowing you to see their reactions?
d) You're directing a horror movie where the hero is trapped in a dark
basement. What shot would make the character feel small and powerless,
emphasizing the vastness of the creepy space?
e) You're designing a fast-paced car chase scene. What shot would keep up
with the speeding vehicles and create a dynamic sense of movement?
2) Imagine you're directing a scene where a secret message is hidden within a
dusty old book. How could you combine different shot types to build suspense
and reveal the clue?
Lab Activity

Activity 1

Select a topic/theme for a movie that is aligned with one of the SDGs like Recycle paper,
community-based intervention on saving water, food etc. Discuss this topic with your group
members for better understanding. First create a rough draft of script for this movie using pen
and paper.
Now create a visual storyboard for your movie. For this task, use the ‘Storyboard Template’
in Canva. Choose the most appropriate one suitable to your topic/theme.

(EDITOR:M2.PNG)
Also mention the type of shot (wide, short, medium) you will be using in the storyboard.

Activity 2

Refer to the storyboard that you created in Activity1. Now that your storyboard is ready,
shoot your movie or download the relevant clips from the internet. Using Windows Movie
App, edit the movie clips, add animation, sound etc. to give the final touch to your movie.
Remember to give a title to your movie and credits at the end of the movie. Present the movie
to your class.

Activity 3
Learn to create a GIF in MS PowerPoint!
Watch the video How to create Animated GIF using PPT :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcLquwubtY
(EDITOR: KINDLY GIVE QR CODE)
Now create a similar GIF and send it to your friends!
Activity 4
Use AI to create a short movie/video for you!
Write the script for a short video explaining the effects of deforestation or some similar topic.
Now visit the website www.Animaker.com or www.renderforest.com . Login through your
gmail account. Check the various templates on your dashboard.

(EDITOR: THIS FILE IS M4.PNG)

Choose a template as per your requirement/liking. Now make changes to this template. Add
text, colour, music to each scene as per your script. Download the final movie and play it in
your class!