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Quiz Widget Lifecycle

Flutter Quiz widget lifecycle

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M.Zunair Shahzad
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views9 pages

Quiz Widget Lifecycle

Flutter Quiz widget lifecycle

Uploaded by

M.Zunair Shahzad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quiz Widget Lifecycle

You said:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:second_app/quiz.dart';
void main()
{
runApp
(
const Quiz(), // By calling Quiz, we still use a material app
);
}

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:second_app/questions_screen.dart';
import 'package:second_app/start_screen.dart';

class Quiz extends StatefulWidget {


const Quiz({super.key});

@override
State<Quiz> createState()
{
return _QuizState();
}
}

class _QuizState extends State<Quiz> {

Widget? activeScreen;
// ? means : activeScreen may be null or may be contain widget, at that time we don't
knowexactly the same thing.
// initState is run by Flutter only once after the Widget? activeScreen, that's why we do not use
setState({}) methid here like next to it
// When and why initState method is required ?
// Simple ans is that if I write as:-
// activeScreen = StartScreen(switchScreen);
// setState(() { activeScreen = const QuestionsScreen();});
// both the above 2 lines will be run at the same, which is causing an error

@override
void initState() {
super.initState();

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activeScreen = StartScreen(switchScreen);
}

void switchScreen(){
setState(() {
activeScreen = const QuestionsScreen();
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp
(
home: Scaffold
(
body: Container
(
decoration:const BoxDecoration
(
gradient: LinearGradient
(
colors: [Colors.deepPurple, Colors.indigo],
begin: Alignment.topLeft,
end:Alignment.bottomRight,
)
),
child: activeScreen,
),
),
);
}
}

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class StartScreen extends StatelessWidget


{
const StartScreen(this.switchScreen,{super.key});

final void Function() switchScreen;

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context)
{
return Center
(
child: Column
(

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mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
children:
[
Image.asset('assets/images/quiz-logo.png', width: 300, color: const Color.fromARGB(150,
255, 255, 255)), // Next line -> Wrap with Opacity 0.0 - 1.0
const SizedBox(height: 80), // Next line -> Icon
const Text('Learn Flutter the fun way!', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 24,color:
Color.fromARGB(255, 193, 180, 216),),),
const SizedBox(height: 30),
OutlinedButton.icon
(
onPressed: switchScreen,
style: OutlinedButton.styleFrom
(
foregroundColor: const Color.fromARGB(255, 193, 180, 216),
),
icon: const Icon(Icons.arrow_right_alt),
label: const Text('Start Quiz'),
),
],
),
);
}
}

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class QuestionsScreen extends StatefulWidget {


const QuestionsScreen({super.key});

@override
State<QuestionsScreen> createState() {
return _QuestionsScreenState();
}
}

class _QuestionsScreenState extends State<QuestionsScreen> {


@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return const Text
(
'Learn Flutter the fun way!',
style: TextStyle
(
color: Color.fromARGB(255, 205, 172, 211), // it's made const
fontSize: 28,
),
);

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}
}

I wan't to know in which msequesnce every thing is called,I want to know the sequence for
quiz.dart

how the startScreen display and then how the questionsScreen display each and every things

ChatGPT said:

Memory updated
To understand the sequence in which everything is called in your `quiz.dart` file, let's break down the
flow:

1. Main Function

The `main()` function is the entry point of the Flutter application.


It calls `runApp(const Quiz())`, which initializes the Flutter app and tells Flutter to start rendering
the `Quiz` widget.

2. Quiz Widget Initialization

The `Quiz` widget is a `StatefulWidget`, meaning it has mutable state that can change over time.
When `runApp` is called, it first creates the `Quiz` widget and then creates its associated
`_QuizState` object by calling `createState()`.

3. initState of _QuizState

The `initState()` method in `_QuizState` is called once after the `State` object is created.
This method is where you initialize any state variables. In your case, you set `activeScreen` to
`StartScreen(switchScreen)`.
Why `initState` and not `setState`?
`initState` is called once during the widget’s lifecycle, making it ideal for one-time
initialization.
If you were to use `setState()` here, it would immediately trigger a rebuild, which is not
necessary and could cause issues (as you mentioned).

4. build Method of _QuizState

After `initState`, the `build()` method is called to render the UI.


The `build()` method returns a `MaterialApp` that contains a `Scaffold` with a `Container`.
The `Container` uses a gradient background and displays the `activeScreen` widget.
Since `activeScreen` was set to `StartScreen` in `initState`, this widget is displayed first.

5. Rendering StartScreen

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The `StartScreen` widget is rendered with a centered `Column` that includes:
An image (`quiz-logo.png`).
A text widget.
An `OutlinedButton` with an arrow icon and the label "Start Quiz".
The `switchScreen` function is passed as a callback to the `OutlinedButton`.

6. Switching to QuestionsScreen

When the "Start Quiz" button is pressed, the `switchScreen` function is invoked.
Inside `switchScreen`, `setState` is called to update the `activeScreen` variable to
`QuestionsScreen()`.
Calling `setState` triggers a rebuild of the `Quiz` widget, and this time the `build()` method
renders `QuestionsScreen` as the active screen.

7. Rendering QuestionsScreen

The `QuestionsScreen` widget is now rendered, replacing `StartScreen`.


In your current setup, `QuestionsScreen` displays a simple text widget with the message "Learn
Flutter the fun way!".

Summary of Sequence:

1. `main()` -> `runApp(const Quiz())`


2. `Quiz` widget created -> `_QuizState` created -> `initState()` -> `activeScreen =
StartScreen(switchScreen)`
3. `build()` -> `StartScreen` displayed
4. User presses "Start Quiz" -> `switchScreen()` -> `activeScreen = QuestionsScreen()`
5. `build()` -> `QuestionsScreen` displayed

This sequence explains how your app transitions from the `StartScreen` to the `QuestionsScreen`.

You said:

can we debug to know wthe squence how to do this is ma using vs code

ChatGPT said:

Yes, you can debug your Flutter app in VS Code to step through the sequence and understand how
your code executes. Here’s how you can do it:

1. Set Breakpoints

Open the `quiz.dart` file in VS Code.

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Click in the gutter (the space on the left side of the line numbers) next to the line of code where
you want to set a breakpoint. A red dot will appear, indicating that a breakpoint has been set.
You might want to set breakpoints in the `initState()`, `switchScreen()`, and `build()` methods
to see the sequence of method calls.

2. Run the Debugger

In the top menu, go to Run > Start Debugging or press `F5`.


The app will start running in debug mode. If you're running on a connected device or emulator,
the app will be launched there.
The debugger will pause execution at each breakpoint, allowing you to inspect the current state.

3. Step Through the Code

Step Over (`F10`): This moves to the next line of code without stepping into functions.
Step Into (`F11`): If the current line calls a function, this command will take you inside that
function.
Step Out (`Shift + F11`): If you're inside a function, this command will finish executing the
function and return to the calling line.
Continue (`F5`): This resumes the program's execution until the next breakpoint.

4. Inspect Variables and Widgets

You can hover over variables to see their current values.


The Variables pane in the Debug Sidebar (usually on the left) shows all the local variables and
their current values.
The Call Stack shows the sequence of function calls that led to the current point.

5. Debug Console

The Debug Console at the bottom of VS Code lets you evaluate expressions and interact with the
running app.

Example Walkthrough:

Set a breakpoint in `initState()`: The debugger will stop here when the `Quiz` widget is first
initialized. You can see how `activeScreen` is set.
Set a breakpoint in `switchScreen()`: After clicking "Start Quiz", the debugger will stop here,
allowing you to see the transition to `QuestionsScreen`.
Set a breakpoint in `build()`: You'll see how the `build()` method is called to render the UI,
both initially and after `switchScreen()` is called.

This method will help you visualize and understand the sequence of operations as your app
transitions between screens.

You said:

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void initState() {
super.initState();
activeScreen = StartScreen(switchScreen);
}
in initstate what is the super.initState

ChatGPT said:

In the `initState()` method, `super.initState()` is a call to the parent class's `initState()` method.
Here's why it’s important:

1. Base Class Initialization

Your `_QuizState` class extends `State<Quiz>`, which itself is a subclass of the `State` class
provided by Flutter.
The `State` class in Flutter has its own `initState()` method that performs some important
setup tasks, such as registering the state object so that it can be properly managed by Flutter.

2. Ensuring Proper Widget Lifecycle

Calling `super.initState()` ensures that the base class’s initialization logic is executed.
This might involve setting up internal properties, event listeners, or other necessary components
that the `State` class requires for managing the widget's lifecycle.
If you omit `super.initState()`, you might inadvertently skip this essential setup, potentially
leading to bugs or unpredictable behavior in your widget.

3. Custom Initialization

After calling `super.initState()`, you can then add your own initialization code specific to your
widget. In your case, this is where you initialize `activeScreen` with the `StartScreen` widget.

Example Explanation:

dart

@override
void initState() {
super.initState(); // Calls the parent class's initState method to ensure proper
setup
activeScreen = StartScreen(switchScreen); // Your custom initialization code
}

In Summary:

`super.initState()` ensures that the necessary initialization logic from the `State` class is
executed.
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You can then safely add your own initialization code after it.

This is a common pattern in Flutter (and object-oriented programming in general) when overriding
lifecycle methods.

You said:

class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {


const MyWidget({super.key});

@override
State<MyWidget> createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State<MyWidget> {


@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return const Placeholder();
}
}

which one is state class , and what is othe rclass cal;l;ed, or which one is parent class and which
one is child class

ChatGPT said:

In the code you provided, there are two classes: `MyWidget` and `_MyWidgetState`. Here's how they are
related:

1. `StatefulWidget` and `State` Classes

`MyWidget`: This class extends `StatefulWidget`. It is the parent class, or more precisely, it is the
widget class.
`_MyWidgetState`: This class extends `State<MyWidget>`. It is the child class, or more precisely, it is
the state class associated with `MyWidget`.

2. Roles and Relationships

`MyWidget` (Parent Class / Widget Class):


It represents the configuration and identity of the widget.
This class is responsible for creating an instance of its associated state class
(`_MyWidgetState`) using the `createState()` method.
The widget class is immutable, meaning once it’s created, it cannot change.
`_MyWidgetState` (Child Class / State Class):

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It holds the mutable state of the widget. This state can change over time, causing the
widget to be rebuilt.
The `State` class contains the `build()` method, which returns the widget tree that
represents the widget’s current state.
The `_MyWidgetState` class is private (indicated by the underscore), meaning it's intended to
be used only within the `MyWidget` file.

Summary:

`MyWidget` is the widget class (parent class) and is a subclass of `StatefulWidget`.


`_MyWidgetState` is the state class (child class) and is a subclass of `State<MyWidget>`.

In a `StatefulWidget`, the widget class (e.g., `MyWidget`) creates and manages its associated state class
(e.g., `_MyWidgetState`), and the state class handles the mutable state and renders the UI via the
`build()` method.

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

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