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Pattern and Sequences Notes

A notes for grade 10 students.

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Arahbela Moya
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26 views2 pages

Pattern and Sequences Notes

A notes for grade 10 students.

Uploaded by

Arahbela Moya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pattern and Sequences

Sequence is a list of numbers in a certain order.


Examples: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,…
5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,…

Ellipsis (…) is a mathematical notation to mean “and so forth”.


These examples 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12… and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 20... contains ellipsis, this means that
there are next numbers to given last numbers.

Pattern is an ordered set of numbers, shapes, or other math objects that are arranged
according to a rule.
Examples: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... (divisible by 2)
123123123

Note: Sequences may exist without a pattern.

Set of examples of a sequences.


Numbers with an interval of 2 starting from 1: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
Random sequence of ages of people in Cebu: 21, 45, 14, 20, 51, 60, 45, 43, 31, 29

The term is the position of a number in the sequence. Terms can be written as 𝑎" , where “n”
indicates the position of the term in the sequence.
For example:
𝑎# = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎* = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝑎+ = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎, = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝑎- = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑎. = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦

Find the nth term.


a. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30. Find the 4th term.
b. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36. Find the 6th and 8th terms.

Sequences are classified as finite and infinite. Finite sequences are sequences that end. Infinite
sequences are sequences that keep on going and going.

Finite sequences examples:


a. Numbers from 1 to 10: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
b. Months of the year: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
September, October, November, December)
Infinite sequences examples:
a. Multiple of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, ...
b. Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ...
Pattern of a sequence can be obtained using a general term. By using a general term, we can
find the future term without manually solving for each term from the start.

Example 1. Find the general term using the given 𝑎" = 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
Term Given Pattern
1 2 2 2#
2 4 (2)(2) 2+
3 8 (2)(2)(2) 2-
4 16 (2)(2)(2)(2) 2*
5 32 (2)(2)(2)(2)(2) 2,
6 64 (2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) 2.
x y (2)(2)(2)...(2) 26
Therefore, the general term is y= 26

Example 2. Find the general term using the given 6 terms 𝑎" = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
Term Given Pattern
1 1 1 1 + 2(0)
2 3 1+2 1 + 2(1)
3 5 1+2+2 1 + 2(2)
4 7 1+2+2+2 1 + 2(3)
5 9 1+2+2+2+2 1 + 2(4)
6 11 1+2+2+2+2+2 1 + 2(5)
n 𝑎" 1 + 2 + 2 ... + 2 1 + 2(n-1)

𝑎" = 1 + 2(𝑛 − 1) = 1 + 2𝑛 − 2 = 𝟐𝒏 – 1
Therefore, the general term is 2n-1.

Some sequences cannot be defined using simple formula as in the previous examples. The nth
term of a sequences may depend on its term, or the first few first, or all the terms preceding
it. Such sequences are said to be defined recursively or by using a recursion formula.

Example:
Find the first five terms of the sequence defined by 𝑎# = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎" = 2𝑎"B# + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ 2.
Answer:
𝑎# = 3
𝑎+ = 2𝑎+B# + 5 = 2𝑎# + 5 = 2(3)+5 = 11
𝑎- = 2𝑎-B# + 5 = 2𝑎+ + 5 = 2(11)+5 = 27
𝑎* = 2𝑎*B# + 5 = 2𝑎- + 5 = 2(27)+5 = 59
𝑎, = 2𝑎,B# + 5 = 2𝑎* + 5 = 2(59)+5 = 123
Thus, the first five terms of the sequence are 3, 11, 27, 59,123.

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