Class VIII 15-31 October Physics

Created By: JALLEPALLI SATEESH KUMAR
Staff Name: null
Class Name: VIII - A
Subject Name: PHYSICS
Title: LessonPlan for October 15-31,2024 VIIIA, VIIIB, VIIIC
From: 15-10-2024
To: 31-10-2024
Topic:-
➣ Refraction of light
➣ Refraction through a glass slab
➣ Structure of eye
➣ Defects of vision
➣ What is inside our eyes?
GIST OF UNIT OR SUB UNIT:-
Refraction of Light
The change of direction of light rays when they pass from one optical medium into another is
called refraction of light.
A transparent substance is called optical medium.
There are certain rules that are followed by light during refraction.
When light travels from a rarer (eg. Air) to a denser (eg. Glass) medium it bends towards the
normal.
When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal.
When light travel along the normal there is no deviation that is the ray suffers no refraction.
Refraction of light through a Prism
A prism is a transparent solid body, often having triangular bases. When three rectangular
surface that it forms two triangular faces at opposite ends, they form prism. The triangular
faces are called the principal faces of the prism.
➣The structure and working of the human eye

Eyes are sensory organs that allow us to see things present in the environment.
The eyes absorb the light rays and form a visual image and transform this information of the
image to the brain.
The eye has a spherical structure which is called the eyeballs. The eyeballs are attached in the
eye socket and various muscles are connected to them called the eye muscles. These are
muscles allow the movement of the eyeballs.
The eyes are protected with eyelids. They prevent an excess of light and dust to enter into the
eyes and therefore save the eyes from any outer objects.
➣The parts of the human eye
Cornea - It is a transparent covering present on the outer side of the eyes. It consists of 6
layers. Tear fluid covers cornea and protects the eye.
➣Iris - It is a dark coloured muscular structure present in the centre of the cornea. The Iris
consists of a small opening call Pupil through which the light enters into the eye. The Iris has
colourful pigments like grey, blue, black, green, brown etc. The amount of light that enters the
eye is controlled by the Iris. In other words, Iris controls the Pupil.
➣Lens - It is like a sphere of liquid present inside the eye. The eye lens is located behind the
Pupil which helps in the formation of an image in the eye.
➣Retina- Retina is a layer located behind the lens at the back of the eye. The eye lens focuses
the light that enters into the eye over the retina. The retina consists of different Nerve cells
that perform different tasks. There are sensory cells that detect the light. They then transform
that information into an electrical impulse. These electrical impulses are sent to the brain via
the optic nerve. Two types of vision cells in the retina are:
Rods or chopsticks - They get activated in darkness or dim-light and the responsible for light-
dark vision.
➣Cones - they react to bright light and therefore sense colour in an object.
Vitreous Chamber - The inner space of the eyeball called the transparent vitreous chamber
consists of a gel-like substance. This substance maintains the right pressure in the eye and
maintains the stability of the eyeball.
➣Blind spot - There is a point in the eye located at the junction of the retina and the optic
nerve where no sensory cells are present. This spot is therefore called the blind spot as it does
not support any vision.
Persistence of image on the retina
The image that is formed on the retina persists for 1/16th of a second.
Therefore, if one tries to move 16 still images per second of a moving object in front of our eye
it appears as if the object is moving. This is how animation films and movies work. They are a
collection of separate pictures which are moved in a sequence.
However, this movement is so fast, around 24 pictures in a second, that it appears as if they
are moving.
ACTIVITIES(INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP):-
➙ Explain structure and function of the human eye.
➙ Demonstration on blind spot and perception of eye.
➙ Discussion and explain on eye defects and their suitable corrections.
Individual Activity:
Prepare a mind map on the structure of the eye and its defects.
Learning objectives:
recognize that defects in vision are due to deformations of the eye,
recognize that, for clear vision, the image produced by the lens of the eye must form at the
retina,
state what is meant by the term short-sighted,
recall what deformation of the eye produces short-sightedness,
Learning outcome:
Classifies defects of the human eye.
Draws defects diagrams for eye and correction defects using lens for human eye.
HOME ASSIGNMENTS:-
Answer the oral questions
Draw the diagrams of structure of human eye, Eye defects and correction
HOT AND MILL QUESTIONS:-
HOT:
➟ The eyes of nocturnal animals have large corneas and large pupils. How does this structure
help them?
➟ What type of lens is found in our eyes? Where does it form the image of the object?
➟ Which part of the eye gets affected when someone suffers from a cataract? How is it
treated?
➟ Explain the process which enables us to recognise motion in a cartoon film.
MILL:
➟ Name the part of the eye that gives a distinctive colour.
➟ Lack of which nutrient element is responsible for eye troubles?
➟ Who developed a system for visually impaired people and published it in 1821?
➟ List the food items that contain vitamin A.
➟ What is the function of the retina?
➟ Write any five ways to take care of your eyes
INTEGRATION:-
• Medical science:
Using concave lens and convex lens correct the eye defects.
• Art and craft:
Draw the structure of the eye and the affected eye with correction.
REFLECTIONS OR OUTCOME :-
➛ Relates processes and phenomena with causes of working of human eye.
➛ Draws labeled diagram of structure of the human eye
➛ Draw the flow charts of how you can take care of your eyes.
➛ Classifies materials based on characteristics of real and virtual images.
Faculty Signature
HOD Signature
Co-ordinator
Signature
Principal Signature
IQAC Signature

Class VIII 15-31 October Physics

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Class VIII 15-31 October Physics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

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Created By: JALLEPALLI SATEESH KUMAR

Staff Name: null

Class Name: VIII - A

Subject Name: PHYSICS

Title: LessonPlan for October 15-31,2024 VIIIA, VIIIB, VIIIC

➣The structure and working of the human eye

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