> ©) Change in operational practise Air pollutant emissions from industrial operations can be minimized by proper equipment maintenance, good housekeeping, and cleanliness in the facilities and premises: « - Floors, decks, storage bins and silos, loading areas, and material transfer conveyors must be kept clean to reduce dust pollution. Chemical’ process plants often have excessive leakage around ducts, ‘These leakages can be prevented by checking the seals and gasket regularly. piping, valves, and pumps. 5 Objectives of using control equipment (2) To prevent the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. (2) To prevent physical damage to property. (3) Prevention of nuisanee. (4) Health hazard to plant personal is eliminated. (6) Valuable waste products can be recovered. (6) To reduce the maintenance of plant. (1) To improve product quality.(Qi) Advantages (2) Low initial cost and energy cost. (2), Construction is simple. (8) Low maintenance cost as there is no moving parts. (4) Low pressure drop. (©) Dry and continuous disposal of solid particulates. (© Any material can be used for construction which will satisfy temperature and pressure criteria. (1). Temperature and pressure limitations are imposed only on the material of construction used, (111) Disadvantages (1) Area requirement is large. (2) Only comparatively large particles (definitely not less than 10 jum) ean be collected. (8) Unable to handle sticky material. (ZV) Applications () ‘Settling chambers are used in metallurgical and food industries as a firet step in dust control (pe cleaners). (2) It is widely used as pre-cleaners for high efficiency collectors, (8) It is also used in metals refining industries. (¥) Design concentwee ee (1) Low initial cost. (2) Construction and operation is simple. (3) Low maintenance cost as it has no Moving parts. (4) Low . pressure drop. © Dry and continuous disposal of sold particulates, @ Cyclones can be constructed of any material Seer which will satisfy the temperature and pressure (1) Disadvantages (2) Ithas low efficiency for particles less than 5-10 um in diameter. (2) Unable to tackle sticky material. (8) Low collection efficiency for low particle concentration. (IV) Applications (1) Cyclones are used in cement manufacture, grain processing, food and beverage processing, paper and textile industries. ® Cyclones are also used in disintegration operations such as stone crushing, ore handling, and sand conditioning. (8) They are also used in dust sampling equipment.(I) Advantages (1) Simple construction and operation. (2) Retention of finer particles. (8) Collection of particulate in dry form. (4) Relatively low pressure drop. (5) Nominal power consumption. (QV) Disadvantages — (1) Size of the equipment is large. (2) High construction cost. (8) High maintenance and fabric replacement cost. (4) Their application only to process temperature generally below 285° C. Shaking Py mechanism ;chematic diagram of a bag filter(Control of Air Pollution Page no (5-18) ‘Air Palation and Control (SPPU-Som 7-Chl) (@) Working of ESP ‘The gas stream is passed betwe maintained. (100 kV). + Because of the high potential difference, a powor ‘When the gas stream is passed through this electric field, migrates to the oppositely charged collecting electrode. ‘The particles, once deposited on the collecting electrode, lose their charge and are removed mechanically by rapping, vibration, or washing into a hopper. In short there are four steps in the process are : (2) Place the charge on the particle to be collected. (2) Migrate the particles to the collector. (8) Neutralise the charge at collector. (4) Removal of collected particles. © The removal efficiency of ESP is given by, q 1-exp-( =) A = Area of collection plates (m?) V_ = Drift velocity of charged particle (m/s) Q = Flow rate of gas stream, m/s fo joen two olectrodes, across which # high potential difference is ful ionizing field is formed. the particulate matter gets charged and (@) wire in tube (b) wire and plate (cisFig, 5.8.1 : Electrostatic preceiptator with (IV) Applications The important applications of ESP are : @) Cement factories, (2) Pulp and paper mills. (8) Steel plants. (4) Non-ferrous metal industries. (5) Chemical industries. ) Petroloum industry. (D) Carbon black industry. (8) Electric power industry. (SPPU-N a few Syllabus we academic year 22-23)(P7-89) TB rech-Neo Pblcations..A SACHIN SHAH Venture