CHAPTER 1

Assessment Sheet
Assessment 1
NAME: _________________________________ DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Direction: Answer comprehensively.
1. Identify a list of: (a) obligations we are expected to fulfill, (b) prohibitions we are required to respect,
and (c) ideals we are encouraged to meet. Discuss whether they are ethical in nature or not.
2. Are clothes a matter of pure aesthetic taste, or does it make sense for clothes to become a subject in a
discussion of ethics? Why? How about other forms of adornment, such as tattoos and piercings?
3. Look for a newspaper article that tackles an ethical issue. Consider the following questions:
a. What makes this a matter of ethics?
b. What is your own ethical judgment on this case?
c. What are your reasons for this judgment?
4. Brainstorm and come up with a list of common Filipino values. Consider the strengths and weaknesses
of these?
5. Imagine that you are a legislator. What rules or laws that currently prohibit certain acts or practices
Would you want to amend or repel? Also, are there certain acts or practices currently permitted by the law
that you would want to prohibit? Think of this on the level of your school, your province and the nation.
6. Comment on this statement: “What I believe must be true If I feel very strongly about it”.
7. Is looking after the benefit of your own family over all other aspects considered as another form of
egoism? Discuss.
CHAPTER 2

Activity Sheet
Activity 2
NAME:
_________________________________
DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Direction: Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your
claims/reasons for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
In view of Bentham and Mill’s assertion of the greatest happiness of the greatest number, do you
think that animal rights and welfare should even be a concern in the Philippines where millions
of people below the poverty threshold are struggling to have decent lives? Is the concern for
animal rights and welfare a first world problem?

Assessment
Assessment 2
NAME: _________________________________ DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE:
______________
Direction: Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your
claims/reasons for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
1. Are all pleasures commensurable? Can they be evaluated on a single scale? Can some
goods like friendship, be balanced against other goods like money?
2. Mill revises utilitarianism by arguing for “higher” pleasures. Which pleasures are higher?
3. Mill proposes that higher pleasures are those preferred by the majority of people. Do you
agree that this is a good way of distinguishing between higher and lower pleasures? Can a
well-informed majority prefer higher pleasures?
4. Does utilitarianism questions individual rights? What if violation the civil rights of
minority increases the sum total of pleasure of the majority?
5. Do you agree that happiness is the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain, and that
all actions are directed toward pleasure?
6. Are all pleasures comparable, even objectionable pleasures? What if the majority derives
pleasure from being sexist?
7. Is it justifiable to build a basketball court because there are basketball fans, than to build
a hospital because there are fewer sick people?
8. When is it justifiable to torture suspected criminals?
CHAPTER 3

Activity Sheet
Activity 3
NAME: _________________________________ DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Direction: Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your
claims/reasons for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
Post truth
We find the lines blurred between fact and fiction, between news report and advertisements. We
are accustomed to hearing and reading fake news. We are inundated by figures and statistics that
we can barely comprehend, much less confirm. We are told to consider alternative facts and to
not take seriously everything we might hear our political leaders say. We read and revel in and
then repost the most hyperbolic and hysterical statements without asking ourselves whether we
or anyone should reasonably maintain this. We are now in the post-truth era.
This label of post truth means that we are more and more becoming habituated to disregard or at
least to devalue the truth. It is a tendency to think of truth as insignificant in view of other
concerns. This is a significant question in view of media ethics, as practitioner in that field –
―news reporters, writers, investigative journalists and advertisers – ought to ask the question as to
what extent the integrity of their work might be compromised in view of other interests, such as
popularity, profit, higher viewership, or stronger sales. Yet this issue is not limited to people
working in media. It should be recognized as relevant by anyone who makes use of social media,
caught up in statements and exchanges of dubious worth. It should be considered by anyone who
wants to take seriously Aquinas’ claim that reason and a concern for truth are what makes us
human.
In view of Aquinas assertion that reason is what makes us uniquely human and that being
reasonable opens up both an epistemic concern for truth and also social concern of being in
relation with others, provide an assessment on the value or disvalue of post truth such as fake
news or alternative facts.

Assessment Sheet
ASSESSMENT 3
NAME: _________________________________ DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE:
______________
Direction: Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your
claims/reasons for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
1. Are there other ways that the word natural is used to justify a particular way of behaving? How do
these approaches compare to the theory of Aquinas?
2. Can you think of human laws that are proper extensions of the natural law? Explain how this is so. Can
you think of other human law that violates the natural law? Explain how this is so.
3. Are there other forms of harm – short of killing another person – that may be taken as a violation of the
natural inclination to preserve one’s being? Justify your answer.
4. Are there current scientific developments – for example, in biology – that challenge the understanding
of nature presented by Aquinas?
5. Is it possible to maintain a natural law theory without believing in the divine source? Why or why not?
CHAPTER 4

Activity Sheet
Activity 4
NAME: _________________________________ DATE: ________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Direction: Answer comprehensively.
1. What is moral virtue? What is Intellectual Virtue?
2. What is the difference between moral and intellectual virtue? Explain
3. Identify some Filipino traits categorize each as virtue (middle) or vices (excess or
deficiency) place them in the table.
4. How is a person’s character formed according to Aristotle.
5. Who do you think possesses a moral character in your community? Explain your answer

Assessment Sheet
Assessment 4
NAME: _________________________________ DATE: ________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Part 1. Write the correct words in the spaces provided
1. ___________________is the ethical framework that is concerned with understanding the
good as a matter of developing the virtuous character of person.
2. ___________________ is the first comprehensive and programmatic study of virtue of
Ethics.
3. For ______________the real is outside the realm of any human sensory experience, but
somehow grasped by one’s intellect .
4. “Every act that a person does is directed toward a particular purpose, aim ow what the
Greeks called_________________
5. Other individuals would agree that the highest purpose and the ultimate good of a man is
happiness or for the Greeks, _____________means happiness (Greeks)
6. In Irrational Elements _____________works as a desiring faculty of man, that naturally
runs counter to a reason and most of the soul. Sexual Impulse for example is strong in
person that one tends to ignore reasonable.
7. The ____________function as giving nutrition and providing activity of physical growth in
person.
8. ________________ man exercise excellence in him. One can rightly or wrongly apply the
use of reason in this part.
9. ________________which concerns the act of doing and
10. __________________which concerns the act of knowing.
11. For _________________ moral goodness is already within the realm of intellectual
excellence
12. For __________________ however having intellectual excellence does not necessarily
mean that one already has the capacity of doing the good.
13. ______________________ ,the meaning of the center is a major element in the definition
of human virtues in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.
14. 14.______________________Excellence in knowing the right conduct in carrying out a
particular act. In other words one can attain a wisdom that can provide us with a guide on
how to behave in our daily lives
15.
______________________ deals with attaining knowledge about the fundamental
principles and truths that govern the universe (ex. General theory on the origin of things)
Understand meaning of life
Part II. Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your claims/reasons
for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
Sexual ethics is a study of a person’s sexuality and the manner by which human sexual conduct
must be exercised. There are many instances where sexual behavior must be observed in order to
properly nurture good interpersonal relationships. Thus, sexual ethics becomes a vital subject
that must be studied by everyone. One particular topic being discussed within sexual ethics is the
issue of pornography. Pornography is the explicit manifestation of sexual matter presented in the
different forms of media.
Pornography normally shows different illustration of nudity and sexual acts in print, videos, and
social media outfits. Some people view pornography as immoral, citing how it treats persons as
mere sexual objects for pleasure. Some people on the other hand, view pornography as a
personal way of displaying ones freedom of expression which must be respected by everyone.
What is your view on this?
Perhaps, virtue ethics as a framework for moral valuation, can be utilized in assessing ones
sexual behavior specifically with regard to the person fondness for pornography. If virtue ethics
aims for the development of the persons good character, does watching pornographic materials
reflective of such a character? Is there a virtue that is produced by the behavior of patronizing
pornography? What do you think will happen with regard to the character of a person if one
habituates the act of watching pornography? Virtue ethics challenges the person to look at ones
habits concerning sexual behavior. What would possibly be affected by such behavior is the
person’s appreciation and valuation of human relationship.
1. Go online and list down various source that can help you understand the different issues
on pornography. Identified the topics being discussed by these sources.
2. Discuss the possible implication (positive or negative) of patronizing of pornography to
the development of one’s character.
3. Discuss a different topic within the scope of sexual ethics and explain how this might
affect the development of one’s virtuous character.
CHAPTER 5

Activity Sheet
Activity 5
NAME: _________________________________ DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Direction: Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your
claims/reasons for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
1. How can you be a genuine Filipino if you do not follow Filipino customs?
2. What is the distinction between a religious notion of sin and the
philosophical understanding of immoral or unethical acts?
3. How realistic Kohlberg ideal of higher stage of post conventional morality
that of universal ethical principles, given that feelings and emotions are
inseparable from human choice.
4. Given that the human condition is one of finitude, how will you know that
you are sufficiently informed when you finally make your moral judgement
5. If a global ethic is current emerging does this mean that the true meaning or
morality changes over time please explain your answer.
6. Is there a difference between ones ethical responsibility toward fellow
humans and toward nonhuman nature? Please explain your answer?

Assessment Sheet
Assessment 5
NAME:
_________________________________
DATE:
________________
COURSE YEAR SEC: ____________________ SCORE: ______________
Direction: Put the case for or against your view or idea by giving evidence for your
claims/reasons for or against; attempt to influence the reader to accept your view
ORGAN TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN NEEDS
The many developments in the past few decades in both the life sciences and in
biotechnology have given rise to the recognition of a host of ethical issues that are
concerned with the physical survival and welfare of living creatures including of
course human beings. These ethical discussions have been gathered under the name of
bioethics, a rapidly emerging field of applied ethics. Both medical ethics and animal
ethics can actually be classified as subfields within the larger sphere of bioethics,
while environmental ethics can have a lot of concerns that are tied up with bioethics
given that animal ethics, in the form of the topic of animal rights, has already been
covered in Chapter II and environmental ethics treated earlier in this chapter, let us
now concentrate on medical ethics. This field focuses on moral issues in medical
practice and research. One such issue that has given rise to much debate is the
phenomenon of organ trafficiking which is defined as the trade in human organs
(whether from living or nonliving people) for the purpose of transplantation. The
trade can happen through the sale of organs or through any other means including
coercive force.
In 2009, the Philippine government halted a planned kidney transplant from a Filipina
wife to her Saudi Arabian husband. It was discovered that the couple had only been
married for a short time and that the man did not know how to speak in English or
Filipino while the wife could not speak Arabic- a situation that raised a lot of
suspicion on the part of the authorities. The government allegation was the planned
transplant was not really an organ donation, which Philippine law allows, but was , in
actuality, a case of an organ sale, which tantamount to organ trafficking prohibited by
law. One possible reason for the woman consent to this alleged deal is the widespread
poverty among Filipinos. Although organ trafficking is patently illegal in the
Philippines and in many other nations, it continues to be a tempting possibility,
especially for impoverished individuals, to earn some much needed cash. Most people
are born with two kidneys and an individual can live on a single kidney. Supposing
that the transplant will be done under strict medical supervision that there is shortage
or available kidney donors and setting aside the clear illegal status of organ
trafficking, is it really wrong for a person in great financial need to sell one of her
kidneys to someone who requires a transplant to survive and who is willing and able
to offer a generous amount of cash.

I. This chapter identified and explained the steps in making informed decisions when
confronted with moral problems. The steps can be summarized as follows:1. Determine your involvement in the moral situation
2. Gather all the necessary facts
3. Identify the stakeholders
4. Name all the alternative choices possible and their potential effects on all
stakeholders.
5. Identify the type of ethical issue at hand
6. Make your ethical conclusion or decision

Apply now all six steps to the questions, “Is selling one of my kidneys to a paying
customer morally defensible? Write down your application below:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:

II. Examine your feelings or emotions regarding the issue of organ trafficking.
Did you feel sympathetic to the woman who was about to sell her kidney to her Saudi
Arabian husband? Or were you morally repulse by what she was planning to do?
Apply Ramon C. Reyes’s idea of the five cross-points the contribute to the formation
of who you are in order to understand your feelings about this particular moral issue.
List below the elements that make up each of your cross points.
1. Physical Cross Points
2. Interpersonal Cross-Points
3. Social Cross Point
4. Historical Cross-Point
5. Existential Cross Point

Given the five cross points that make up who you are, can you provide an explanation
below why you feel the way that you do toward the woman who was about to sell her
kidney? How can you make sure that your feelings about the matter are not trapped in
Kohlbergs pre-conventional stage?

1. How did I feel the woman who was about to sell her kidney and why:
2. How do I make sure my feelings are morally mature and not trapped in the
preconvention stage
III. Search your library resources as well as online sources to come up five other
ethical issues that can be categorized under medical ethics. List the issues down , cite
your sources and provide a short explanation of each issue as well as one main
argument for and one main argument against a particular stand on the issue. Pay the
particular attention to topics that are relevant to the contemporary Philippine context.
Make sure your sources are trustworthy and that you get all the necessary facts
straight (including the possible scientific explanations).
Medical Ethics Issue A:
1. Ethical Issue:
2. Sources:
3. Explanation
4. Position/Stand on the Issue
5. Argument for the Position
6. Argument against the Position
Medical Ethics Issue B.
1. Ethical Issue:
2. Sources
3. Explanation
4. Position/Stand on the Issue
5. Argument for the Position
6. Argument Against the Position

Medical Ethics Issue C.1. Ethical Issue:

2. Sources
3. Explanation
4. Position/Stand on the Issue
5. Argument for the Position
6. Argument Against the Position

Part II. Write you answers on the provided space.

1. Man and Historical Action explained the “who he is” is a cross point. By this
he means that one’s identity, who one is or who I am, is product of many
forces and events that has earned outside of one choosing. Who Is That Author
___________________________
2. ______________________ the idea that a person beliefs, values and practices
should be understood based on that persons own culture rather than be judged
against the criteria of another.
3.
_________________ __theorized the moral development happens in six stages
which he divided into three levels.
4. What stage and level that if an action is good they can avoid punishment ; if its
bad it lead to punishment ________________________
5. In this age in which older children, adolescent and young adults learn to
conform to the expectation of the society. ____________________________
6. The individual at this stage values most the laws, rules, and regulation of her
society and thus her moral reasoning is shaped by dutifulness to the external
standards set by society. _____________________
7. This notion of common good is conventional in the sense that the moral agent
binds herself to what this theoretical community of rational agents has
identified as morally desirable , whether the agent herself will benefit from
doing so or not. ____________________8.
____________________ Namely agreement that rational agents have arrived
at whether explicitly or implicitly in order to serve what can be considered the
common good are what one ought to honor and follow.
9.
______________________puts more emphasis on the supposed objective,
universal nature of what is to be considered morally good, basing its reasoning
on the theorized existence of a “human nature”.
10.
____________________Puts every single stakeholders at par with everyone
else, with no one being worth more than any other. Rich or poor, man or
woman, young or old everyone has a much worth as anyone else, values the
“common good” compare to any other ethical frameworks we have covered.