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Normalization

sql

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DHURANDHAR BASESHANKAR
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22 views3 pages

Normalization

sql

Uploaded by

DHURANDHAR BASESHANKAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMALIZATION :

Thursday, April 23, 2020 10:40 AM

What is Normalization ?

" It is the process of reducing a large table into smaller tables in order to remove
redundancies and anomalies by identifying their functional dependencies is
known as Normalization . "

Or

"The process of decomposing a large table into smaller table is known as


Normalization ."

Or

"Reducing a table to its Normal Form is known as Normalization . "

T1 T2 T3

What is Normal Form ?

A table without redundancies and anomalies are said to be in Normal Form .

Types of Normal From .


1. First Normal Form ( 1NF )
2. Second Normal Form ( 2NF )
3. Third Normal Form ( 3NF )
4. Boyce - Codd Normal Form ( BCNF )

Note : If any Table / entity is reduced to 3NF , then the table is said to be normalized.

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1. First Normal Form ( 1NF ) :
- No duplicates records .
- Multivalued data should not be present .

QSPIDERS
QID NAME COURSE
QID NAME C1 C2 C3
1 A JAVA
1 A JAVA MT
2 B JAVA , SQL
2 B JAVA SQL
3 C MT , SQL
3 C SQL MT
1 A MT

2. Second Normal Form ( 2NF )


- Table should be in 1NF
- Table should not have Partial Functional Dependency .

EMPLOYEE - ( EID , ENAME , SAL , DEPTNO , DNAME , LOC )

EID ENAME SAL DEPTNO DNAME LOC


1 A 100 10 D1 L1
2 B 120 20 D2 L2
3 C 320 10 D1 L1
4 D 251 10 D1 L1

Eid - ename ,sal


Deptno - dname , loc

:- ( Eid , deptno ) -> ( Ename , Sal , Dname , Loc )


composite key attribute results in PFD

R1 - ( EID , ENAME , SAL )


R2 - ( DEPTNO , DNAME , LOC )

R1
Eid Ename Sal R2
1 A 100 Deptno dname Loc
2 B 120 10 D1 L1
3 C 320 20 D2 L2
4 D 251
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4 D 251

3. Third Normal Form ( 3NF )


- Table should be in 2NF .
- Table should not have Transitive Functional Dependency .

Employee - ( EID , Ename , Sal , comm , Pincode , state , country )

EID -> ENAME


SAL
COMM
PINCODE -> STATE
COUNTRY

:- Transitive Functional Dep

R1- ( EID , ename , comm )


R2- ( PINCODE , state , country )

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Facebook : Rohan Singh Ro
Mail id : [email protected]

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