Name ____________________________________________ Section ____________ Date __________
School ____________________________________________ District ____________________________
A. Readings/Discussions
Select components to be measured
Central processing unit
The processor is the driver of the computer. Processors are usually differentiated by speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz). The higher the GHz, the faster the computer will run. You should buy the fastest processor you can afford, but dual or quad-core processors running at speeds of 2 GHz or above will normally be enough for most business functions, e.g. word processing, spreadsheets and some multimedia.
Video Card Alternatively known as a display adapter, graphics card, video adapter, video board, or video controller, a video card is an expansion card that connects to a computer motherboard. It is used to create a picture on a display; without a video card, you would not be able to see this page. More plainly, it's a piece of hardware inside your computer that processes images and video, some of the tasks normally handled by the CPU. Video cards are used by gamers in place of integrated graphics due to their extra processing power and video ram.
MEMORY Although memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your computer's CPU had to constantly access the hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs, it would operate very slowly. When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data temporarily. The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data goes in random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the register.
Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
1 Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, was difficult to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory module.
Here are some types of memory modules:
Dual Inline Package (DIP) Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
2 The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase. For example, single-channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64 bits. Dual-channel memory increases speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data transfer rate of 128 bits.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. DDR2 offers faster performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these DDR technologies are backward- or forward-compatible.
Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from the memory card to the CPU than it takes for the CPU to actually process the data. Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often by the CPU instantly available. Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.
STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media. The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers. Here are some common types of storage drives: Floppy drive, Hard drive, Optical drive and Flash drive. Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses
removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer, the floppy drive is usually configured as the A: drive. The floppy drive can be used to boot the computer if it contains a bootable floppy disk. A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.
Hard Drive A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications. The hard drive is often configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase storage capacity.
Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin magnetic platters and the drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no drive motors and moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash memory chips manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.
3 Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or rewritable (read and write multiple times).
External Flash Drive
An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port. An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile memory chips as solid state drives and does not require power to maintain the data. These drives can be accessed by the operating system in the same way that other types of drives are accessed.
Types of Drive Interfaces
Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:
• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector. • SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A SATA interface uses a 7- pin data connector. • SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
B. Exercises
Exercise 1
A. Direction: Identify what type of memory module is presented.
1. 3.
4 2. 4.
5.
B. Sentence completion the statement below:
A RAM is a volatile memory_________________________________________________________________________
I. List down all the components to be measured and explain each function.
II. Why do they call measuring components?
C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)
Direction. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a separate _____1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. A. Registers _____2. Early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard B. Flash drive or disk drives which an interface that uses a 40pin connector. Thumb drive _____3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed C. Read-only by the CPU. memory _____4. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. D. IDE _____5. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch disks. E. Floppy drive 5 _____6. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board. F. Random access memory _____7. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port. G. Optical drive
_____8. Chips that are located on the motherboard. H. DDR
_____9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data I. Hard drive needed particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit. J. Memory module _____10. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. D. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies
1. Make a scrapbook for each measurable component discussed and give each function. Be creative.
Rubric for scoring:
Category Score of 5 Score of 4 Score of 3 Score of 2
Neatness and Exceptionally Attractive and neat Acceptably attractive Distractingly messy attractiveness attractive and in design and layout but may be messy at or very poorly particularly neat in times and/or show designed. Does not design and layout lack of organization show pride in work.
Understanding of Shows a Shows an Displays a somewhat Does not show an
Content sophisticated understanding of the limited understanding of the understanding of the major themes of the understanding of the text. Misses plot themes in the work boo book. May have a points and has quite few a few misinterpretations. misinterpretations. Overall Effectiveness Project is engagingly Project is engagingly Project is Project is incomplete and Completion organized and organized and disorganized and and not easy to presents material presents material incomplete at times follow that is captivating that is captivating and is somewhat for the viewer. for the viewer. able to hold the attention of the viewer Reference/s: k_to_12_pc_hardware_servicing_learning_module https://www.westmarkschool.org/uploaded/photos/1617/Summer_Reading/Creative_Project_Assessment_Rubric.pdf https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/computer-hardware-components-and-specifications https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/v/video-card.htm
