Biology Year 8 Week 8-10

WEEK 8
FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION
TEENAGE PREGNANCY
Teenage pregnancy refers to pregnancy in a girl between the ages of 10-19. Teenage
pregnancy is usually unintended and unwanted. The fact that you are at pubertal age and
can get pregnant physically does not mean that you are really mature to be pregnant
socially, emotionally, educationally even financially.
Teenage pregnancy can be dangerous for both the mother and the unborn child.
Complication at child birth, and unsafe abortion, usually result from teenage pregnancy.
CONSEQUENCES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY
1. Health Risks: Examples include pregnancy-induced hypertension, which can cause

heart failure and death of both mother and the child and a condition whereby the
girl’s pelvic opening is too small to allow the infant’s head pass during delivery.
2. Unsafe Abortion: Since teenage pregnancy is unwanted, they are likely to seek
abortion from untrained health care providers or can go on self-medication for self-
induced abortion.
3. Socio-economic:
i. Termination of education.
ii. Stigmatization
iii. Life span and career goals are disrupted
iv. Isolation from peers and low self esteem
v. Low income and economic dependence
vi. Forced marriage
vii. Poverty
viii. Emotional feeling of guilt and fear.

MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT PREGNANCY
1. Young girls should not use contraceptives. Contraceptives may cause the following: It
destroys the womb, makes one infertile for life, makes one thin and reduces one’s
breast size.
2. The condom reduces sensitivity during sexual intercourse.
3. A woman can get pregnant as a result of kiss.
4. It is better for a woman to have children while still young as she can see them grow.
The ideal age for pregnancy is between 25 and 35.
5. For a woman to obtain the love of a man, she must have a child for him.
WEEK 9
ABSTINENCE
Abstinence is the act of avoiding any action or attitude considered harmful or that has
adverse effect to one’s life. Examples include the refusal of a young boy to join his
classmates to smoke, the refusal of a girl to engage in sexual intercourse with a boyfriend
etc.
Types of abstinence
1. Lifelong abstinence: This is an act of abstaining from an attitude for a life time or
long period of one’s life. An example is a catholic priest abstaining from sex for a
lifetime.
2. Delayed abstinence: This is to abstain from an attitude for a particular time till you
desire it.
3. Periodic abstinence: This is to abstain from an attitude once in a while.

Skills and behaviors that promote abstinence
1. Counselling
2. Parenting
3. Public enlightenment
4. Mentoring
5. Religious study.
Why adolescents must abstain from pre-marital sex
1. Prevention of pregnancy.
2. Avoidance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s).
3. Maintaining moral or religious principles.
4. Maintaining dignity and respect.
5. Focus on education.
6. Avoidance of hurt.
Facts and myths about sexual abstinence
1. Myth: Comprehensive sex education doesn’t address abstinence.
Fact: Comprehensive sex education stresses abstinence as the preferred sexual
behaviour among teens.
2. Myth: Students in elementary school are too young to need information about
sexuality.
Fact: Children need to learn the correct names of all their body parts so that they can
tell someone if they have been sexually abused.
3. Myth: Adolescents should not talk about sex with parents.
Fact: Those who are well-informed and comfortable talking about sexuality with
their parents are the least likely to have intercourse at adolescence.
4. Myth: There must be pre-marital sex to confirm if both of partners are compatible or
not.
Fact: Sex should be after marriage and compatibility can be achieved in marriage
over time.
5. Myth: Abstinence for a long time can lead to sickness.
Fact: This is not correct.
WEEK 10
UNIQUENESS OF HUMAN BEINGS
PRIMATES
Primates are group of mammals that include humans and other great apes. They possess
the following characteristics:
-They have grasping thumbs facing other fingers which allow all primates to pick things up
or hold objects.
-They have eyes in front of their head to see more clearly than when they are situated at the
sides of their heads.
-They can swing their hands in different directions.
Human beings are animals with large and well develop brains. They can think, reason, take
decisions, communicate, remember and solve problems much better than other group of
animals. Therefore, human beings can be regarded as unique group of animals. They are
more intelligent than other animals because of the size and development of their brains.
Human Beings as Higher Animals
Human beings as higher animals belong to the group of animals called mammals. A mammal
is an animal that possesses some characteristic features.
-It has hair on its body or fur on its body or parts of its body
-It does not lay eggs but gives birth to its young one alive i.e., the child develops
partially in the mother’s womb.
-It feeds its young ones with milks produced in its mammary glands (i.e. breast)
Characteristics and features of mammals
i. They give milk to their young ones.
ii. They have backbones.
iii. They breathe air.
iv. They are warm-blooded.
v. Live birth as opposed to eggs.
vi. Body hair or fur (but some have very little)
Advantages of human beings over other animals
i. They can stand upright better than other animals.
ii. They walk faster and better than others.
iii. They have the ability to remember things very quickly
iv. They can think and reason better than other animals.
v. They can solve problems more intelligently than others.
vi. They can speak and communicate effectively.
vii. They can examine and observe things with their sense organs and take decisions
on their findings unlike other animals.

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WEEK 8

FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION

CONSEQUENCES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY

1. Health Risks: Examples include pregnancy-induced hypertension, which can cause

iii. Life span and career goals are disrupted

iv. Isolation from peers and low self esteem

v. Low income and economic dependence

vi. Forced marriage

viii. Emotional feeling of guilt and fear.

2. The condom reduces sensitivity during sexual intercourse.

3. A woman can get pregnant as a result of kiss.

3. Periodic abstinence: This is to abstain from an attitude once in a while.

2. Avoidance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s).

3. Maintaining moral or religious principles.

4. Maintaining dignity and respect.

UNIQUENESS OF HUMAN BEINGS

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