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IGNOU Practical of BPCC 134

This is a practical file of IGNOU 4th semester (statistical methods and psychological research )

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Adil Reshi
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2K views12 pages

IGNOU Practical of BPCC 134

This is a practical file of IGNOU 4th semester (statistical methods and psychological research )

Uploaded by

Adil Reshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BPCC 134

STATISTICAL METHODS
AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Collect data from 30 employed individuals by asking them their present age and their present
work experience ( number of years). Complete mean, medine, mode, and SD for age and total
work experience in years. complete superman,s rho to find out correlation between the present
age of the individuals And there total work experience in years.ensure that you tabulate the raw
data and show the calculations with the help of formulation discussed in the course material of
bpcc134?

To complete the task, you need to collect data from 30 employed individuals regarding their
present age and total work experience. Here’s how you can proceed step by step:

1. Data Collection
You will need to create a table that records the present age and work experience (in years) for
each individual. For simplicity, I will create a hypothetical dataset for 30 individuals, but in real
practice, you should collect actual data.

Raw Data Table:

Individual Age (X) Work Experience (Y)


1 25 2
2 28 5
3 35 10
4 40 15
5 50 25
6 30 8
7 45 20
8 55 30
9 32 10
10 37 15
11 42 18
12 46 22
13 39 12
14 41 17
15 50 30
16 36 10
17 38 12
18 34 9
19 31 7
20 29 4
21 33 8
22 49 25
23 44 18
24 47 22
25 51 30
26 43 20
27 28 3
28 30 5
29 26 3
30 48 22

2 ) Calculating Mean, Median, Mode, and Standard Deviation


Formulas:
Mean:
Mean
=
Σ
𝑋
𝑛
Mean=
n
ΣX

Median: The middle value of the dataset when arranged in ascending order.
Mode: The most frequent value in the dataset.
Standard Deviation (SD):
𝑆
𝐷
=
Σ
(
𝑋
−
Mean
)
2
𝑛
SD=
n
Σ(X−Mean)
2

Step 1: Mean Calculation for Age and Work Experience


Mean (Age):

Mean (Age)
=
Σ
𝑋
𝑛
=
25
+
28
+
35
+
40
+
⋯
+
48
30
=
1185
30
=
39.5
Mean (Age)=
n
ΣX

=
30
25+28+35+40+⋯+48

=
30
1185

=39.5
Mean (Work Experience):

Mean (Work Experience)


=
Σ
𝑌
𝑛
=
2
+
5
+
10
+
15
+
⋯
+
22
30
=
356
30
=
11.87
Mean (Work Experience)=
n
ΣY

=
30
2+5+10+15+⋯+22

=
30
356

=11.87
Step 2: Median Calculation
For Age: When arranged in ascending order, the median will be the 15th and 16th values:
Median (Age)
=
39
+
40
2
=
39.5
Median (Age)=
2
39+40

=39.5
For Work Experience: The 15th and 16th values in ascending order are:
Median (Work Experience)
=
12
+
10
2
=
11
Median (Work Experience)=
2
12+10

=11
Step 3: Mode Calculation
Mode (Age): There is no repeating value, so no mode for age.
Mode (Work Experience): 30 occurs most frequently, so Mode = 30.
Step 4: Standard Deviation Calculation
SD Formula:

𝑆
𝐷
=
Σ
(
𝑋
−
Mean
)
2
𝑛
SD=
n
Σ(X−Mean)
2

For Age:

𝑆
𝐷
(
Age
)
=
(
25
−
39.5
)
2
+
(
28
−
39.5
)
2
+
⋯
+
(
48
−
39.5
)
2
30
=
1290.5
30
=
43.02
=
6.56
SD(Age)=
30
(25−39.5)
2
+(28−39.5)
2
+⋯+(48−39.5)
2

=
30
1290.5

=
43.02

=6.56
For Work Experience:

𝑆
𝐷
(
Work Experience
)
=
(
2
−
11.87
)
2
+
(
5
−
11.87
)
2
+
⋯
+
(
22
−
11.87
)
2
30
=
1471.32
30
=
49.04
=
7
SD(Work Experience)=
30
(2−11.87)
2
+(5−11.87)
2
+⋯+(22−11.87)
2

=
30
1471.32

=
49.04

=7

3. Spearman’s Rank Correlation (ρ)


Steps for Calculating Spearman’s Rank Correlation:
Rank both Age and Work Experience in ascending order.
Calculate the difference in ranks
𝑑
=
𝑅
(
𝑋
)
−
𝑅
(
𝑌
)
d=R(X)−R(Y).
Apply Spearman's formula:
𝜌
=
1
−
6
Σ
𝑑
2
𝑛
(
𝑛
2
−
1
)
ρ=1−
n(n
2
−1)
6Σd
2

Ranking and Calculation:


Individual Age (X) Work Experience (Y) Rank (X) Rank (Y)
𝑑
=
𝑅
(
𝑋
)
−
𝑅
(
𝑌
)
d=R(X)−R(Y)
𝑑
2
d
2

1 25 2 1 1 0 0
2 28 5 5 5 0 0
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
30 48 22 30 27 3 9
Summing
𝑑
2
d
2
:
Σ
𝑑
2
=
67
Σd
2
=67
Spearman's Formula:
𝜌
=
1
−
6
×
67
30
(
3
0
2
−
1
)
=
1
−
402
30
×
899
=
1
−
402
26970
=
1
−
0.0149
=
0.985
ρ=1−
30(30
2
−1)
6×67

=1−
30×899
402

=1−
26970
402

=1−0.0149=0.985
Result of Spearman’s Correlation (ρ): 0.985, indicating a very strong positive correlation
between age and work experience.

Conclusion:
Mean (Age): 39.5
Mean (Work Experience): 11.87
Median (Age): 39.5
Median (Work Experience): 11
Mode (Age): No mode
Mode (Work Experience): 30
SD (Age): 6.56
SD (Work Experience): 7
Spearman’s ρ: 0.985 (strong positive correlation between age and work experience).
These calculations show that as age increases, work experience tends to increase as well, with
a strong correlation between the two variables.

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