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Group Theory

Show that any group of order 4 or less is abelian. Show that a subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic. Prove the fundamental Theorem of finite abelian group.

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Peter Hu
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218 views3 pages

Group Theory

Show that any group of order 4 or less is abelian. Show that a subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic. Prove the fundamental Theorem of finite abelian group.

Uploaded by

Peter Hu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Honer Algebra (I):Homework Remedy(I) Part(I) 1. State and prove the Lagrange's Theorem. 2.

. State and prove the Cayley's Theorem. 3. State and prove the Fist Isomorphism Theorem. 4. State and prove the Second Isomorphism Theorem. 5. State and prove the Third Isomorphism Theorem(or correspondence Theorem). 6. State and prove the Cauchy's Theorem. 7. State and prove the First Sylow Theorem. 8. State and prove the Second Sylow Theorem. 9. State and prove the Third Sylow Theorem. 10. State and prove the Fundamental Theorem of Finite Abelian Group. 11. Classify groups of order 6. 12. Classify groups of order 8. 13. Classify groups of order 10. 14. Classify groups of order 12. 15. Classify groups of order 15. 16. Classify groups of order 30. Part(II) 1. If G is a group in which a2 = a for all a G, show that G is abelian. 2. Let G be a group (not necessary finite) and a, b G. Show that ab and ba have the same order. 3. Let G be a finite group,and let S and T nonempty subsets. Prove that either G = S T or |G| = |S| + |T|. 4. Show that any group of order 4 or less is abelian. 5. Let G be a group in which (ab)3 = a3 b3 and (ab)5 = a5 b5 for all a,b G. Show that G is abelian. 6. Show that a subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic. 7. Deduce that any nontrivial subgroup of (Z, +, 0) has the form nZ where n N. 8. Show that a group G is abelian if and only if G/Z(G) is cyclic. 1

9. Show that Z(Sn ) = {e} if n 3. 10. Let G be a finitely generated abelian group which is periodic(i.e. ord(g) is finite for all g G). Show that G is finite. 11. Show that any finitely generated subgroup of (Q, +, 0) is cyclic. 12. Show that if is any permutation then (i1 i2 ...ir )1 = ((i1 )(i2 )...(ir )). 13. Show that if n 3, then An is generated by 3-cycles (a b c). 14. Let a,b G with G being abelian and gcd(ord(a), ord(b)) = 1,then < a > < b >= 1 and < a, b >=< ab >. 15. Show that if ord(a) = n = rs with gcd(r, s) = 1, then < a > < b > < c > where ord(b) = r and ord(c) = s. 16. Show that a a1 is an automorphism of a group if and only if G is abelian, and G is abelian implies that a ak is an endomorphism for every k Z 17. Show that any subgroup of index 2 is normal. 18. Let G1 ,G2 be simple groups. Determine the normal subgroups of G1 G2 . 19. Let = (1 2... n) in Sn . Show that the conjugacy class of in Sn has cardinality (n 1)!. Show that the centralizer CG () = < >. 20. If |G| = pn, where p is a prime and p > n, and H is a subgroup of order p, then show that H is normal in G. 21. Let f : G H be a group homomorphism with H abelian. Show that if N is a subgroup of G containing ker(f), then N is normal in G. 22. Show that NG (H) = CG (H) is isomorphic to a subgroup of Aut(H). 23. Show that if |G| = 380 then G is not simple. 24. Let G be a group and N G. Then G/N is abelian if ,and only if [G, G] Part(III)(Bonus) 1. If G and G is transitive on S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (i.e. i, j S G such that (i) = j ) and contains a 3-cycles, then G = A5 . 2. (a) Let (G, +, 0) and (H, +, 0) be abelian groups, Define the set Hom(G, H) = {f | f : G H a group homorphism} . Please find a group structure on Hom(G, H).Is Hom(G, H) an abelian group? (b) Let (G, +, 0) and (H, +, 0) are an abelian groups and f : G H is a group homorphism, consider K is another abelian group. Please find a group homomorphism from Hom(K, G) to Hom(K, H). (c) Also, find a group homomorphism from Hom(H, K) to Hom(G, K). N.

(d) Consider (G, +, 0), (H, +, 0) and (K, +, 0) are abelian groups. Assume further that f Hom(G, H),g Hom(H, K) such that im(f) = ker(g). By preceding argument, Let f : Hom(L, G) Hom(L, H) and g : Hom(L, H) Hom(L, K) be homomorphisms as you defined. Prove im(f) = ker(g). (e) Last, do the same thing and find similar conclusion.(Attention your sign!) 3. Definition : Let G be a abelian group, and X a non-empty subset of G we say that X is linearly independent if for distinct x1 , x2 , ..., xk X and n1 , n2 , ..., nk Z such that n1 x1 + n2 x2 + ... + nk xk = 0, implies ni = 0 for every i. And we say that X is a basis of G if X is linearly independent and every element in G has the form k ni xi i=1 where k is some arbitrary positive integer. (Just like the case in linear algebra). Definition : We say an non-trivial abelian group G is free if G contains a basis X. Show that the following statements are equivalent: (a) G is free. (b) G is isomorphic to a direct sum of copies of Z. (c) There exists a non-empty set X and a function : X G with the following property: given any abelian group A and a function f : X A, there exists a unique homomorphism f : G A such that f = f. 4. Show that any abelian group is a homomorphic image of a free abelian group.

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