Welcome

Md. Abu Safayet

Lecturer
Dept. of Building Engineering and Construction Management
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET)
Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
Email- [email protected]
  If the form of a system of equation are
 𝒂𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ + 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 = 𝒉

 This equation is called linear equation

 If h=0, the equation is homogeneous

 If h≠0, the equation is non-homogeneous

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Direct Method
 Gauss Elimination Method / Direct / Successive
Method
 Inverse Matrix Method

 Iterative Method
 Gauss – Seidel Iterative Method

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Solve the following set of equations using Gauss Elimination
method.
𝟖𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟗𝟓
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟗𝒛 = 𝟕𝟏

 Solution:
𝟖𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟗𝟓 ………………(i)
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 …………….(ii)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟗𝒛 = 𝟕𝟏 ………………...(iii)

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Equation (ii) x 83 − (i) x 7 , we get
𝟓𝟖𝟏𝒙 + 𝟒𝟑𝟏𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟗𝒛 = 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟐
𝟓𝟖𝟏𝒙 + 𝟕𝟕𝒚 − 𝟐𝟖𝒛 = 𝟔𝟔𝟓
− (−) + (−)
𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟗𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟕𝒛 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔𝟕 …………..(iv)

 Equation (iii) x 83 − (i) x 3 , we get

𝟐𝟒𝟗𝒙 + 𝟔𝟔𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟕𝒛 = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟑
𝟐𝟒𝟗𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝒛 = 𝟐𝟖𝟓
− (−) + (−)
𝟔𝟑𝟏𝒚 + 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟗𝒛 = 𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟖 …………..(v)
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Equation (v) x 4239 − (iv) x 631 , we get
𝟐𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟗𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟏𝒛 = 𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟗𝒚 − 𝟔𝟗𝟖𝟓𝟏𝟕𝒛 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟕
− + (−)
𝟗𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟒𝒛 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟓𝟏𝟑𝟓
∴ 𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟑
 Equation (iv) we get,
𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟓

 Equation (i) we get,

𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟐𝟔

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Solve the following set of equations using Gauss Elimination
method.
𝟖𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟗𝟓
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟗𝒛 = 𝟕𝟏

 Solution:
𝟏
𝒙= (𝟗𝟓 − 𝟏𝟏𝒚 + 𝟒𝒛) ………………(i)
𝟖𝟑
𝟏
𝒚= (𝟏𝟎𝟒 − 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟑𝒛) …………….(ii)
𝟓𝟐

𝟏
𝒛= (𝟕𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚) ………………...(iii)
𝟐𝟗

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
 Iteration Eqn. (i), (y,z) Eqn. (ii), (x,z) Eqn. (iii), (x,y)
No.(n) Output x Output y Output z

1 1.144578313 1.84592215 1.820651306

2 0.9876802599 1.411880215 1.956617845
3 1.051756494 1.369262934 1.96174576
4 1.057651696 1.36718737 1.961708481
5 1.057924974 1.367159902 1.961687788

So,
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟕𝟒
𝐲 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟐
𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟖𝟖
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Solve the following set of equations using Inverse matrix
method.
𝟖𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟗𝟓
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟗𝒛 = 𝟕𝟏

 Solution:
𝟖𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟗𝟓 ………………(i)
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 …………….(ii)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝟗𝒛 = 𝟕𝟏 ………………...(iii)

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  By Logic, [A] [X] = [C]

⇒[X] = [A]-1 x [C]

𝟖𝟑 𝟏𝟏 −𝟒
[A] = 𝟕 𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟖 𝟐𝟗

𝟗𝟓 𝑿
[C] = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 [X] = 𝒀
𝟕𝟏 𝒁

𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑨
A-1 =
𝑨
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
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Management,
KUET KUET
 𝑨 = 83*(52*29 - 8*13) – 11(7*29 – 3*13) – 4(7*8 – 3*52)

= 115128

83 7 3
AT = 11 52 8
−4 13 29
52 8
Co-factor of 83 = = 1404
13 29
Co-factor of 7= -351
Co-factor of 3 = 351
Co-factor of 11 = -164
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
 Co-factor of 52= -2419, Co-factor of 8 = -1107
Co-factor of -4 = -100, Co-factor of 13 = -631
Co-factor of 29 = 4239

1 1404 −351 351

A-1 = −164 2419 −1107
115128
−100 −631 4239

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
 Since, [X] = [A]-1 x [C]
𝟏
𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟒 −𝟑𝟓𝟏 𝟑𝟓𝟏 𝟗𝟓
= −𝟏𝟔𝟒 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟗 −𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟖
−𝟏𝟎𝟎 −𝟔𝟑𝟏 𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟗 𝟕𝟏

𝟏
𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟒 ∗ 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟑𝟓𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 + 𝟑𝟓𝟏 ∗ 𝟕𝟏
= −𝟏𝟔𝟒 ∗ 𝟗𝟓 + 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 − 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟕 ∗ 𝟕𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟖
−𝟏𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟔𝟑𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 + 𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟗 ∗ 𝟕𝟏
𝒙 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟗
𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟒𝟐
𝒛 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟑
(When the determinate is 0, then this method is not applicable)

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET