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Computer Network

Computer_Network_Section_3_Part_1_cf62ccf6d9557728405aa3324f6e34b0

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9 views

Computer Network

Computer_Network_Section_3_Part_1_cf62ccf6d9557728405aa3324f6e34b0

Uploaded by

lovawi2264
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAP Multiple Access Protocols layer (chapter 3)

• ALOHA
• Pure ALOHA
• Each station sends frame whenever it has to send & wait ACK.
• Fixed frame size S3

• Throughput of Aloha max. by having uniform frame size S2

• When collision occurs, frames resend S1

• No Carrie sense (collision)


• Efficiency is 18 %
• Channel load = S = Ge-2G
• Slotted Aloha
• Divided time into discrete intervals
S3
• Each interval corresponding to 1 frame
S2
• Efficiency is 37 % S1
• Channel load = S = Ge-G
Slot1 Slot2
11 11
Problem 1:
Group of N stations, share a 56 Kbps pure Aloha channel. Each stations outputs 1000 bit
frame on average of once every 100 sec. Even if the previous has not yet ben sent. In pure
aloha 18% only of channel resource can be utilized. What is max. value of N?
Given data
• Capacity of bandwidth = 56 kbps
• Frame size of ach station = 1000 bit
• Average of one = 100 sec
Solution:
• The usable bandwidth= efficiency pure aloha x capacity of bandwidth = 0.184 x 56 x 103 = 10.3
Kbps
• Each station capacity = frame size / average of once = 1000/100 bps.
• No. of stations = bandwidth of used /capacity of each station = (10.3 x 1000) / 10 = 1030 stations

Problem2:
10,000 airline reservations are competing for the use of single slotted Aloha channel. The
average station makes 18 req/hour & slot is 125 Msec. what ‘s the ap. Total channel load?
Given Data:
• N-station = 10,000 stations
• No. of request = 18 req/hour
• Time of slot = 125 msec
Solution:
18
• Average of request for all stations = no. of request of one station * no. stations = 60𝑥60 𝑥 104 =
𝑟𝑒𝑞
50 𝑠𝑒𝑐
1 1
• Average slot number(per sec) = = = 8000 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 125 𝑥 10−6
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡 50
• Total channel load = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜. 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡
= 8000 = 0.0625
• Or Total channel load = no. of requests * time of 1 slot
= 50 * 125*10-6 = 6.25 * 10-3 = 0.0625
Problem 3,:
Measurements of a slotted ALOHA channel with an infinite number of users show that 10
percent of the slots are idle.
a. What is the channel load, G?
b. What is the throughput?
c. Is the channel underloaded or overloaded?
Given data:
Idle slot = 10% =0.1
Solution:
a. Channel load (G):
G= -lnP0
Where P0 = poison low = P0= e-G
G= -ln(0.1) =2.3
b. Throughput:
S= Ge-G
G= 2.3
e-G = P0 = 0.1
S= 2.3 * 0.1 = 0.23
c. Whenever G > 1, he channel is overloaded

Problem 4:
Frames arrive randomly at a 100-Mbps channel for transmission. If the channel is busy
when a frame arrives, it waits its turn in a queue. Frame length is exponentially distributed
with a mean of 10,000 bits/frame. Frame arrival rates of 90 frames/sec. Calculate time.
Given Data:
C= 100 Mbps
1/𝜇 = 104 bit/ frame
𝛌 = 90 frames/sec
T= ???
Solution:
1 1
𝑇= = = 0.1 𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜇𝐶 − λ 10 ∗ 100 ∗ 106 − 90
4

Problem of chapter 1
Given the following packet

a. Sketch the layered protocol model that applies to this packet. Label each layer with its
appropriate name.
User data field Layer
Z header Layer
Y Header Layer
X Header Layer
b. If the maximum length for the user data field is 150 bytes, what is the overhead (as a
percentage) to send a 1600 byte user message?
Given:
User data field for one packet = 150 bytes
Total data size (message size) = 1600 bytes
Solution:
Total data size (message size) 1600
No. of packet = User data field for one packet = 150 = 11 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠.
Overhead size for one packet = x header +y header+ z header +x trailer
= 5 + 10 + 20 +4 = 39 bytes.
Total header for all packet = no. of packets * Overhead size for one packet
= 11 * 39 = 390
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 390
Overhead (as percentage) = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒+𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 = 390+1600 = 19.6 %

c. What is the likely function of the X layer trailer field?


The X trailer is likely an error detection.

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