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Discrete Mathematics Midterm 2 Q&A

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20 views3 pages

Discrete Mathematics Midterm 2 Q&A

hi

Uploaded by

ahmadjoba2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Answers:

Question No. 1 [5 Marks]


1. Determine whether ¬𝒑 ∨ 𝒑 is a tautology or not. (1 Mark)

𝒑 ¬𝒑 ¬𝒑 ∨ 𝒑
T F T
F T T
is a tautology

2. Determine whether ¬(𝒑 ∨ 𝒒) ↔ 𝒓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒒 ∧ (𝒑 → 𝒓) are logically equivalent or not. (2 Marks)

𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ¬(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ¬(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ↔ 𝑟 (𝑝 → 𝑟) 𝑞 ∧ (𝑝 → 𝑟)
T T T T F F T T
T T F T F T F F
T F T T F F T F
T F F T F T F F
F T T T F F T T
F T F T F T T T
F F T F T T T F
F F F F T F T F
Not Logically Equivalent

3. State True or False with reasons. (2 Marks)

A. (01111 ∧ 10101) ∨ 01000 is 01101 ( T )

(01111 ∧ 10101) = 00101


00101 ∨ 01000 = 01101

B. If 2𝑆 = {∅}, then 𝑆 = {{∅}} ( F )

𝑆 = ∅, or 2𝑆 = {∅, {{∅}}}

Discrete Mathematics Page 1 of 3


Question No. 2 [5 Marks]
1. Express the statement “Every student in BFCAI has an email” in logical expression.
Where 𝑃 (𝑥 ) is “𝑥 in BFCAI”, 𝐹(𝑥) is “𝑥 has an email”. (2 Marks)
The domain of 𝑥 is the set of all students in Benha.

2. Use set builder notation and logical equivalences to prove the second distributive law,
(2 Marks)
which states that 𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) ∪ (𝑨 ∩ 𝑪) for all sets 𝑨, 𝑩, and 𝑪.
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𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = {𝒙| 𝒙 ∈ 𝑨 ∧ 𝒙 ∈ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪)}

𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = {𝒙| 𝒙 ∈ 𝑨 ∧ (𝒙 ∈ 𝑩 ∨ 𝒙 ∈ 𝑪)}

𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = {𝒙| (𝒙 ∈ 𝑨 ∧ 𝒙 ∈ 𝑩) ∨ (𝒙 ∈ 𝑨 ∧ 𝒙 ∈ 𝑪)}

𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = {𝒙| (𝒙 ∈ (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)) ∨ (𝒙 ∈ (𝑨 ∩ 𝑪))}

𝑨 ∩ (𝑩 ∪ 𝑪) = {𝒙| 𝒙 ∈ ((𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) ∪ (𝑨 ∩ 𝑪))}

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3. State True or False with reason. (1 Mark)


The composition 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 cannot be defined unless the range of 𝒇 is a subset of the domain of 𝒈. ( F )

*The range of 𝒈 is a subset of the domain of 𝒇.

Discrete Mathematics Page 2 of 3


Question No. 3 [5 Marks]
1. Complete the following matrices multiplication (1 Mark)

1 2 2 1 2 9 2
[0 0 3 ] × [3 −1] = [ 3 1]
1 3 −1 1 1 9 −2

2. Is the following matrix 𝐀 symmetric or not? Why? (1 Mark)

1 0 2
𝐀 = [2 0 5]
2 5 −1

NO, because 𝐀 ≠ 𝐀𝑡

3. List all the steps used to search for 9 in the sequence 4, 3, 5, 9, 6, 11, 8, using a linear (3 Marks)
search algorithm. (Note: start from the left)
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1- Start from the left, and set the first location 𝑖 = 1.

2- Compare 9 with the value in the location 𝑖 = 1, because the numbers are not equal (9 ≠ 4), then

3- Increase the location by 1, then the new location will be 𝑖 = 2.

4- Compare 9 with the value in the location 𝑖 = 2, because the numbers are not equal (9 ≠ 3), then

5- Increase the location by 1, then the new location will be 𝑖 = 3.

6- Compare 9 with the value in the location 𝑖 = 3, because the numbers are not equal (9 ≠ 5), then

7- Increase the location by 1, then the new location will be 𝑖 = 4.

8- Compare 9 with the value in the location 𝑖 = 4, because the numbers are equal (9 = 9), then

9- Stop, we found the number in this location (i.e., 𝑖 = 4) and then return 4.

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GOOD LUCK,
Dr. Ahmed Hagag

Discrete Mathematics Page 3 of 3

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