Roll no.

46 Course: FYCS Semester:

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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System
PRACTICAL 7

Title: Study of Various Devices.

Input Devices

1.Keyboard

A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person to enter letters, numbers, and
other symbols (together, called characters) into a computer. It is one of the most used input
devices for computers. Using a keyboard is often called typing. A keyboard contains
many mechanical switches or push-buttons called "keys". When one of these is pushed,
an electrical circuit is closed, and the keyboard sends a signal to the computer that tells it
what letter, number, or symbol it would like to be shown on the screen.

 Types of Keyboard
a).QWERTY Keyboard
The QWERTY (pronounced KWEHR-tee) keyboard is the standard typewriter and
computer keyboard in countries that use a Latin-based alphabet. QWERTY refers to
the first six letters on the upper row of the keyboard.

b).Wired Keyboards.
A wired keyboard means there is a wire connecting your keyboard to your computer.
At the end of the wire is a USB plug that goes into a USB port on your computer.
Wired keyboards are extremely reliable—there is little that could go wrong with this
direct connection.

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Roll no. 46 Course: FYCS Semester:
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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System
c). Ergonomic Keyboards.
An ergonomic keyboard is a keyboard that is designed to fit you (the user), rather than you
majority of body types, rather than a static piece of equipment that only fits a small
percentage of body types.

d.) Wireless Keyboard

A wireless keyboard is a computer keyboard that allows the user to communicate with
computers, tablets, or laptops with the help of radio frequency (RF), such
as WiFi and Bluetooth or with infrared (IR) technology. Wireless keyboards in the current
market are commonly accompanied by a wireless mouse

2. Printer

A printer is a hardware output device that is used to generate hard copy and print any
document. A document can be of any type such as a text file, image, or the combination of
both. It accepts input command by users on a computer or on other devices to print the
documents. For example, if you have to submit a project report at your college, you need to
create a soft copy of your report and print it with the help of the printer. Printers are one of
the common computer peripheral devices that can be classified into two categories that are
2D and 3D Printers . The 2D printers are used to print text and graphics on a paper, and 3D
printers are used to create three dimensional physical objects. The first patented printing
mechanism for applying a marking medium to a recording medium or more particularly an
electrostatic inking apparatus and a method for electrostatically depositing ink on controlled
areas of a receiving medium, was in 1962 by C. R. Winston, Teletype Corporation, using
continuous inkjet printing

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Roll no. 46 Course: FYCS Semester:
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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System

3. Scanner.

A Scanner is an electronic device that is used to read and convert documents such as
photographs, magazines, posters, and images into digital copies for display, editing, and
archiving. The digital copies can be further modified by using different software tools.
Most scanners are connected to computers using cords that plug into a port that is readily
accessible. Some modern scanners also come equipped with Bluetooth and wireless
features which offer greater accessibility and flexibility. Scanners work in conjunction with
software applications. By installing scanning plug-ins, the images can be directly imported
into the software applications. For example, by installing a plug-in for Adobe
Photoshop the users can create new images directly from the linked scanner.

4. Mouse

A mouse is a small hardware input device used by hand. It controls the movement of the
cursor on the computer screen and allows users to move and select folders, text, files, and
icons on a computer. It is an object, which needs to put on a hard-flat surface to use. When
the users move the mouse, the cursor moves in the same direction on the display screen. The
name mouse is derived from its size as it is a small, corded, and elliptical shape device that
looks a bit like a mouse. A connecting wire of a mouse is imaginable to be the mouse's tail.
Additionally, some of the mice have combined features like extra buttons, which may be

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Roll no. 46 Course: FYCS Semester:
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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System
assigned and programmed with many commands. The mouse invention is considered as one
of the most important breakthroughs in the computer field as it helps to reduce the use of
a keyboard.

Output Devices.

1.Monitor

A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual

form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power
supply, housing, electrical connectors, and external user controls. The display in modern
monitors is typically an LCD with LED backlight, having by
the 2010s replaced CCFL backlit LCDs. Before the mid-2000s, most monitors used
a cathode-ray tube (CRT) as the image output technology. A monitor is typically connected
to its host computer via DisplayPort, HDMI, USB-C, DVI, or VGA. Monitors sometimes use
other proprietary connectors and signals to connect to a computer, which is less common.

2. Speakers

A Speaker is the user who is giving vocal commands to a program using voice
recognition. A computer speaker is an output hardware device that connects to a
computer to generate sound. The signal used to produce the sound that comes from a

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 Roll no. 46 Course: FYCS Semester:
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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System
computer speaker is created by the computer's sound card. The picture shows
the Harman Kardon Soundsticks III 2.1 Channel Multimedia Speaker System.

3. Projector

A projector is an output device that takes images generated by a computer or Blu-ray

player and reproduces them on a screen, wall, or another similar surface. For example, you
could use a projector to display a presentation in a board room so that a large audience can
view it. In most cases, the projection medium is large, flat, lightly colored, and not reflective.
Projectors can produce either still (slides) or moving images (videos). A projector is often
about the size of a toaster and weighs only a few pounds. The most common type of projector
used today is called a video projector. Video projectors are digital replacements for earlier
types of projectors such as slide projectors and overhead projectors.

4. Cameras

A camera is an instrument used to capture and store images and videos, either digitally via
an electronic image sensor, or chemically via a light-sensitive material such as photographic
film. As a pivotal technology in the fields of photography and videography, cameras have
played a significant role in the progression of visual arts, media, entertainment, surveillance,

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Roll no. 46 Course: FYCS Semester:
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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System
and scientific research. The invention of the camera dates back to the 19th century and has
since evolved with advancements in technology, leading to a vast array of types and models
in the 21st century. Cameras function through a combination of multiple mechanical
components and principles.

Network Devices.

1.Modem

A modem is a hardware which connects to a computer, broadband network or wireless router.

Modem converts information between analogue and digital formats in real time making
seamless two-way network communication. The full form of Modem or modem stands for
modulator–demodulator. The word “modem” is a portmanteau of “modulator-
demodulator.” It's called a modulator-demodulator because it modulates digital signals to
analog signals and demodulates analog signals back to digital signals.

2. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for transmitting fixed and mobile
electronic device data over short distances. Bluetooth was introduced in 1994 as a wireless
substitute for RS-232 cables. Bluetooth communicates with a variety of electronic devices
and creates personal networks operating within the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. Operating
range is based on device class. A variety of digital devices use Bluetooth, including MP3
players, mobile and peripheral devices and personal computers. Bluetooth is managed by

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Roll no. 46 Course: FYCS Semester:
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Name: Shreya Naduvinkeri Subject: Operating System
the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has more than 35,000 member companies
in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.