Scribd
Upload
469 views7 pages

Histogram Assignment

This document discusses histogram equalization of images. It defines a histogram as a graph showing the number of pixels in each intensity value in an image. Histogram equalization transforms an image's histogram for contrast enhancement. It maps intensity values to spread out the histogram and increase contrast. The document provides Matlab code to perform histogram equalization on a sample image and calculates the mean squared error and peak signal to noise ratio of the equalized image.

Uploaded by

Avinash Gaikwad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
469 views7 pages

Histogram Assignment

This document discusses histogram equalization of images. It defines a histogram as a graph showing the number of pixels in each intensity value in an image. Histogram equalization transforms an image's histogram for contrast enhancement. It maps intensity values to spread out the histogram and increase contrast. The document provides Matlab code to perform histogram equalization on a sample image and calculates the mean squared error and peak signal to noise ratio of the equalized image.

Uploaded by

Avinash Gaikwad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Assignment NoTitle- Histogram of Image & Histogram Equalization Submitted By- Mr. Gaikwad A. S.

Class- ME First Year (Signal Processing) ___________________________________________________________________________

Histogram
This histogram is a graph showing the number of pixels in an image at each different intensity value found in that image. For an 8-bit grayscale image there are 256 different possible intensities, and so the histogram will graphically display 256 numbers showing the distribution of pixels amongst those grayscale values. Mathematical Expression for Histogram is
PXi=Px=i=nin , 0iL

L being the total number of gray levels in the image, n being the total number of pixels in the image, and PXi being in fact the image's histogram for pixel value i, normalized to [0,1]. Example: Consider 1D Data X(n)=[1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1] Then Histogram of above 1D Data is Data 1 2 3 4 5 The above histogram can be plotted using Graph Histogram Count 4 3 5 2 1

Histogram Equalization

Let us also define the cumulative distribution function corresponding to Pxas

, which is also the image's accumulated normalized histogram. We would like to create a transformation of the form y = T(x) to produce a new image {y}, such that its CDF will be linearized across the value range, i.e.

For some constant K. The properties of the CDF allow us to perform such a transform. It is defined as

Notice that the T maps the levels into the range [0, 1]. In order to map the values back into their original range, the following simple transformation needs to be applied on the result:

Matlab Code for Histogram Equalization

Software Requirement- Matlab 7.9 Main Code%% Clear all work space & close all window close all; clc; clear all; %% Read image in imgorig variable imgorig=imread('cameraman.tif'); figure,imshow(uint8(imgorig)); title('Original Image'); [m,n]=size(imgorig); histt(1,1:256)=0; %% histogram calculation in histt for i=1:m for j=1:n index=imgorig(i,j); histt(1,index+1)=histt(1,index+1)+1; end end %% show the histogram of image figure,bar(0:255,histt,0.001); title('Histrogram of Original Image'); xlabel('Gray Level L'); ylabel('Histogram Count n'); %% commulative Distributation function CDF for i=0:255 sum1=0; for j=0:i sum1=sum1+histt(1,j+1); end cdfx(1,i+1)=sum1; end %% show CDF figure,bar(0:255,cdfx,0.001); title('CDF'); %% Histogram Equalization z=sort(cdfx); count=1; while(z(1,count)==0) count=count+1; end temp=z(1,count);

cdfmin=temp; for i=1:m for j=1:n v=imgorig(i,j); c=cdfx(1,v+1); if(c~=0) calcul=((cdfx(1,v+1)-cdfmin)/((m*n)-cdfmin))*255; imgnew(i,j)=round(calcul); end end end imgnew1=uint8(imgnew); %% show Histogram Equalized Image figure,imshow(uint8(imgnew)); title('Equalized Image'); %% Histogram of Equalized Image [m,n]=size(imgnew1); histt(1,1:256)=0; for i=1:m for j=1:n index=imgnew1(i,j); histt(1,index+1)=histt(1,index+1)+1; end end figure,bar(0:255,histt,0.001); title('Histrogram of Equalized Image'); xlabel('Gray Level L'); ylabel('Histogram Count n'); %% MSE & PSNR Calculation msee=0; [m,n]=size(imgnew1); cc=double((double(imgorig)-double(imgnew1)).^2); for i=1:m for j=1:n msee=msee+cc(i,j); end end msee=msee/(m*n) maxx=double(max(max(imgorig))) psnrr=10*log10((maxx.^2/msee))

Result of Histogram Equalization

Fig. 1 Original Image Named as Cameraman.tif

Fig. 2 Histogram of Original Image

Fig. 3 Cumulative Distribution Function

Fig. 4 Histogram Equalized Image

Fig. 4 Histogram of Equalized Image MSE- Mean Square Error


MSE=i=1mj=1n[xi,j-x ' (i,j)]2m*n

Where x = Original Image


x'= New Output image

Ideally MSE value should be Zero & Practically as small as Possible. Resultant MSE value for Equalized Image is MSE = 804.9859

PSNR- Peak Signal to Noise Ratio


PSNR=10*log10MAXi2MSE

OR
PSNR=10*log10MAXiMSE

Where MAXi=Maximum possible pixel Value MSE= Mean Square Error Resultant MSE value for Equalized Image is PSNR= 19.0045

You might also like