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Chapter 12 I The Straight Line ENHANCE

This document provides information about the straight line gradient formula and how to calculate the gradient, y-intercept, and x-intercept of a straight line. It gives the formulas for finding the gradient (m), y-intercept, and x-intercept. There are examples of using the formulas to find the gradient, y-intercept, and x-intercept given points on a line or its equation. The document also provides practice exercises with answers for calculating these values. Past SPM (Malaysian public exam) questions related to finding characteristics of straight lines are presented at the end.

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juriah binti ibrahim
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170 views9 pages

Chapter 12 I The Straight Line ENHANCE

This document provides information about the straight line gradient formula and how to calculate the gradient, y-intercept, and x-intercept of a straight line. It gives the formulas for finding the gradient (m), y-intercept, and x-intercept. There are examples of using the formulas to find the gradient, y-intercept, and x-intercept given points on a line or its equation. The document also provides practice exercises with answers for calculating these values. Past SPM (Malaysian public exam) questions related to finding characteristics of straight lines are presented at the end.

Uploaded by

juriah binti ibrahim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 12: THE STRAIGHT LINE

GRADIENT

m=

y2 y1
x2 x1

Example

Exercises

1) (1,2) and (3,4)


4 2
2
m=
=
=1
3 1
2

1.) ( 2,1) and (4,3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) (-1,2) and (3,4)


2.) (- 2,1) and (4,3)
4 2
2
1
m=
=
=
3 ( 1)
4
2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3) (1,-2) and (3,4)

4.) (2,-1) and (4,3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) (-1,-2) and (3,4)

6.) (-2,-1) and (4,3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7) (-1,-2) and (-3,-4)

8.) (-2,-1) and (-4,-3)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
3
1 3
1 1
9) (0, ) and ( ,0 )
10) (- , ) and ( ,- )
2
2
2 2
2 2

INTERCEPT

The Straight Line

y-intercept (x = 0)

X-intercept (y = 0)
X-intercept

y=0

Example

Exercise

1) y = 2 x + 4

1) y = 3 x + 6

y = 0 0 = 2x + 4
4 = 2x

2 x = 4
4
x=
= 2
2

x- intercept = -2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) y = 5 x 2
2) y = 2 x + 5
y = 0 0 = 5x 2
2 = 5x
5x = 2
2
x=
5

5
2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3) y = 4 x + 5
4.) y = 3 x +1
x-intercept =

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) 2 y = 3 x 6
6) 2 y = 2 x + 5

7) y =

2
x +6
3

The Straight Line

8) y =

2
x 4
5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1
9) 2 y = x + 12
10) 3 y = x 3
5
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11) 2 y = x +12
12) 3 y = 3 x 2

y intercept

x=0

Example

Exersice

1) y = 2 x + 6
x = 0 , y = 2(0) + 6
y=6
y- intercept = 6

1) y = 3 x + 8

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) y = 2 x 7
3) y = 3 x 9

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1
4) y = x + 6
5) y = x 6
3
2

The Straight Line

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2
6) y = x + 7
7) y = x 10
3
5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Example
3
1
8) 2 y = x + 12
9) 3 y = x 21
5
9
3
X = 0, 2y = (0) + 12
5
2y = 12
y=6
y intercept = 6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10) 2 y = x +12
11) 3 y = 3 x 2

..

PAST YEARS SPM QUESTIONS


1

SPM 2003
The gradient of the straight line
2x-7y =14 is

The Straight Line

B 6

2
7

C
D

-2
7

3
2

3
2

SPM 2004
y

Q
R(1,8)

0
x
P
The gradient of QR is -4 and the distance of
PQ is 15 units,
Find the x-intercept of PQ
A
-9
B
-12
C
9

2004J
Diagram below shows a straight line
MN on a Cartesian plane.
y

N(0,4)

M(-2, -1)
The gradient of MN is
A
5
B
C
D
3

SPM 2004
Diagram below shows a straight line LM on
a Cartesian plane.

12
6
11
2
9
3
8

2004 J
The graph in the diagram below shows
1
a straight line JK with gradient 2
y
J(0,3)

The gradient of LM
A
-1
B
1
-

x
K
Calculate the x-intercept of JK

The Straight Line

4
15

2
1
2

The gradient of the straight line

SPM 2005
In the diagram below, PQ is a straight line.

2
4 y x = 8 is
3
A 1
6
B 8
3

C
D

2
6

Diagram below shows a straight line

What is the gradient of PQ?


A
-2
B
1

4
RS which has gradient
3

R(-12,0) 0

10

1
2

SPM 2006 J
State the y-intercept of the straight line 3y2x-11=0
A
11

The y-intercept of RS is

B
C
D

9
12
16

11

SPM 2005
Find the y-intercept of the straight line
3x-4y=24
A
B
C
D

4
3

-6
8

The Straight Line

The straight line PQ has gradient of 2. The


coordinates of P are (0,6).
The x-intercept of PQ is
A
-3
B

3
4

3
11
3
11

2
11
2

1
3

1
3

12. SPM 2006 (N)


The coordinates of point P(-1,1) and the
gradient of the straight line PQ is 2.
The coordinates of point Q could be
A
(3,3)
B
(3,9)
C
(3,-1)
D
(3, -7)

5
3
3
B.
5
3
C.
5
5
D.
3
A.

3
and
7
passes through the point (0,6). The
x- intercept of the straight line is

13. SPM 2006(N)


In Diagram below, EF is a straight line with
gradient

1
4

15. A straight line has a gradient

A.
B.
C.
D.

E
x

-14
-6
6
14

16. SPM 2008(J)


Diagram 15 shows a straight line KL,
on a Cartesian plane

-3
F
Find the x-intercept of the straight line EF.
A
B
C
D

1
12
3

L(6,h)

-3
-12

O
K(-2,-1)

x
Diagram 15

SPM 2007(J)
14. In Diagram 16, PQR is a straight line
and O is the origin.

K(-2,-1)
The gradient of KL is

3
. Find the
2

Value of h
11
A.
3

x
R(3,-5)
Diagram 16

B.

13
3

C.

D.

11

17. Find the y-intercept of the straight line

The Straight Line

5y = 3x 6
A.

-6
6
B.
5
3
C.
5
D.
3
SPM 2008(N)
18.Diagram 16 shows a straight line PQ on
a Cartesian plane.

y
Q(5,4)

P(-1,2)
O

x
Diagram 16

Find the gradient of PQ.

A.

B.

C.
D.

1
2
1
3

19. State the x-intercept of the straight line


3x 4y + 24 = 0
A.

-8

B.

-6

C.

D.

The Straight Line

ANSWERS
Chapter 12 I The Straight Line
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. B
13.
D
14.
D
15.
D
16.
D
17.
B
18.
D
19.
A

The Straight Line

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