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Practical Assignment #1 - Engineering Science

Engineering science

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Joy Roy
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14 views

Practical Assignment #1 - Engineering Science

Engineering science

Uploaded by

Joy Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADC (Foundry and Forge Technology) Engineering Science

Experiment #1
Aim: To study the Miller Indices in Bravice Lattices
Theory:
Miller indices are used to specify directions and planes. These directions and planes could be
in lattices or in crystals. The number of indices will match with the dimension of the lattice or
the crystal.
 (h, k, l) represent a point – note the exclusive use of commas
 Negative numbers/directions are denoted with a bar on top of the number
 [hkl] represents a direction
 <hkl> represents a family of directions
 (hkl) represents a plane
 {hkl}represents a family of planes

These directions and planes could be in lattice or in crystals. It is also known as


crystallographic planes and directions.

Importance of Miller Indices


In Materials Science it is important to have a notation system for atomic planes since these
planes influences
 Dislocation motion/deformation
 Surface tension
 Reactivity
 Optical Properties

Crystallographic directions [1]:

A crystallographic direction is defined as a line between two points, or a vector. The


following steps are used to determine the three directional indices
1. A vector of convenient length is poisoned such that it passes through the origin of the
coordinate system. Any vector may be translated throughout the crystal lattice without
alteration, if parallelism is maintained.
2. The length of the vector projection on each of the three axes is determined; these are
measured in terms of the unit cell dimensions a, b, and c.
3. These three numbers are multiplied or divided by a common factor to reduce them to
the smallest integer values.
4. The three indices, not separated by commas, are enclosed in square brackets, thus:
[uvw]. The u, v, and w integers correspond to the reduced projections along the x, y,
and z axes, respectively.

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ADC (Foundry and Forge Technology) Engineering Science

Crystallographic planes:

Miller Indices for Planes:


Procedure:
1. Identify the plane intercepts on the x, y, and z-axes.
2. Specify intercepts in fractional coordinates.
3. Take the reciprocal of the fractional intercepts.

Miller Indices for Planes: Illustration


 Consider the plane in pink, which is one of an infinite number of parallel planes each
a consistent distance (“a”) away from the origin (purple planes).

 The plane intersects the x-axis at point a. It runs parallel along y and z axes.
 Thus, this plane can be designated as (1, ∞, ∞)

 Likewise, the yellow plane can be designated as (∞, 1, ∞)


 And the green plane can be written as (∞, ∞, 1)

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ADC (Foundry and Forge Technology) Engineering Science

Draw and show the following in a unit cell

i) (321) ii) [111] iii) (110) iv) (110) v) [111] vi) (222) vii) (111) viii) [100]
ix) [110] x) [110]

Conclusions:

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ADC (Foundry and Forge Technology) Engineering Science

References:
1. William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwisch, “Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction”, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

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