5.1 SQUARE OF A NUMBER When a number is multiplied by itself, the product is called the square of that number When a number is raised to the power 2, the number is squared. In general, if x is any number, then xx x =x. Here, x’ represents the square of x, For example : Square of 5 is, (5)? = 5 x 5 = 5.2 PERFECT SQUARE Annatural number is called a perfect square or a square umber, ifit is a square of a natural number. ie, if n? = m, where n and m are natural numbers, then m is a perfect square. TTo check whether a number is a perfect square or not follow the following steps Step 1: Find the prime factors of the given number Step 2 : Group the factors into pairs of like factors. Step 3: Ifall the factors can be paired, then the given iilimber is a perfect square, otherwise it is not Properties of a Perfect Square Number () A number that ends in 2, 3, 7 or 8 is never a Perfect square, For example : 237 is not a perfect square (i) The number of zeroes atthe end ofa perfect square is always even, example 10000 is a perfect square, A-number ending in an odd number of zeroes is er a perfect square. mple : 1000 is not a perfect square. “ores digit in the square of a number can be by squaring the ones digit of the number. ‘f square of 64 is 6 (i.e. 4° = 16). 5.2 Perfect Square 5.4 Methods of Finding Square Roots (¥). ‘The square of an even number is always even and square of an odd number is always odd. For example : 4? = 16 (even number) and 3° = 9 (odd number) (vi) If n is a perfect square, then 2n can never be a perfect square. For example : 100 is a perfect square but 200 is not a perfect square (vii) The square of a number either positive or negative is always positive (4) = C4) x C4) = 16 The difference between the squares of the two consecutive numbers is equal to their sum or twice For example the smaller number plus one, Let the two consecutive numbers be n and n+ 1. + 1 =n (v+ I) tm=2n41 (ix) There are 2n non-perfect square numbers between the squares of two consecutive natural numbers n and (a+. Between 5* and 6°, there ai squa 2 x 5 = 10 non-perfect numbers, (0) The number of dij in a square number of a number with n digits is either 2n or 2n = 1 (xi) The square of an odd natural number n, can be expressed as the sum of two consecutive natural need, numbers, “ For example : 9° 40 +41 = 81 (xii) A triplet of three natural numbers, a, b and ¢ forms a Pythagorean triplets, if a? + b? = 2 For example : (5, 12, 13) is a Pythagorean triplet, Class-8 | Mathematics (5%)d to Square Number: triangular patter tr ‘The addition of odd numbers exhibits the ives 1. Which ofthe (a) 121 (B) 169 2 multiplied to make ta perfect square 2 Bs 5.3 SQUARE ROOTS The square soot whet product. The square the symbol Ix!» then we ea For example: Square root of 36 is V6 =VOx6 =6 Properties of Square Roots Ga number ens nan odd maer of ze then it does not have a square root. : 9 Masgine nimi fares then has vhare oe ase a umber of zeae inthe umber A ) The square oo a an even number even whe ure ot oa ll amber Tin? = 124021 and Square flare sumbers (67)? = (90 + 79° or (100 - 3) = (90 + 7) (90 + 7) oF (100 ~ 3) = 9090 +7) + 799 +7) 100(100 ~ 3) - 3(100 - 3) = (90) + 90747" 9047 (100)? - 100 x 3 - 3 x 100 + GY tito» 630 + 60 + 49 500 300 300+ 9 = 9409 or Ata owmpiaa Bite We can express any odd number as the sum of 1692 +The ference of squares of two consecutive umber is the sum ofthe two numbers perfect square numbers are there 1 shows Pythagorean triple? @) 15,16) ‘Through Repeated Subtraction rom the number n, the odd numbers starting from te 3, ty 2et0. The number of times the subtract done to arrive at 2er0 is the 54 umber n. Ifthe successive subtr not a perfect squat Tor example: Find the square root of 25,“Thegreatest4-dgitnumber which isa perfect square ‘Olympiad PREP-GUIDE5 and square root of least number that should be added to 9756 iva perfect square. 8) 64 (D) 46 Chass-8)“46. Read the statements carefully and select the correct option. ‘Statement-1 : 1024 is the least 4-digit number which is a perfect square. Statement-2: Iftheareaofasquareplotis 255 m’, then the length of each side of the plot is 1.6 m. (A) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true. (B) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are false. (©) Statement-1 is true but Statement-2 is false. (D) Statement: is false but Statement-2 is true. 47. Read the statements carefully and state T for true and F for false. (i) A number ending in an odd number of zeroes is never a perfect square (Gi) ‘The square of a number either positive or negative is always positive. (iii) The square root of 1764 is 44 (iv) There are 25 natural numbers lie between 1 13 @® @ Gi) Gv) ye om OF OF ie 6 6T FF ag (Omen TT ieee TT 48, Fill in the blanks and select the correct option. @ is the smallest number by which 180 should be multiplied to make it a perfect square. (ii) ‘The square of an odd number is always an number. (iif) The smallest square number which is divisible by each of the numbers 6,9 and 15 is {iv) The number of digits in the square root of 216225 ? and (0) 045 a 50. Match the following and select the c Column-I Wi, 7 Nia pee wy “Ts Jo 15 151 fier Oe a7 eS jor (iii) pea R15 (ii) iv) Res) PAR RS s R 1. A number is multiplied by a times of itself and then 61 is subtracted from the product obtained, If th final result is 9200, then the number is (A) 36 (B) 63 © 6 (D) 37 (Level 2, The smallest number with which 120 should b multiplied, so that the product becomes a perfect sat (A) 60 © 45 (B) 30 (D) 50 3. APT. teacher wants to arrange maximum poss number of 6000 students in a field such that the number number of rows, if 71 students were left out after arrangement. is . 3 ts (A) 77 (B) 87 0 @ Gi) Ww ao ©” ao nn (B) 5 odd 4500 3 4. If V1369 + 0.06154 x =37.25, then xis equal (C)5 odd 9003 (A) 107 (B) 107 (D) 4 even 500 4 (©) 10° (D) 10 « 49. Solve the questions : hearer = a (i) Subtract the square root of 0.2916 from the sum of | 5. ‘The value ot) O08) 02 Oe "Square root of 0.2025 and square root of 0.0225. (0.003)* + (0.021)? + (0.0069) ) tf x= Jai J21+ J19—V9, then find 2x. a (ay (© 107 (D) 10° rpiad PREP-GUIDERenee IINTS & EXPLANAT} | 2 ho 43, other numbers are paired. _3| 507, 028 must be multiplied by 3 to 13 | 169 13 Ones digit of square of 289 = 1 4. (A): Number of non perfect square numbers lie between 27° and 28° = 5. (D):(8, 15, 17) is a Pythagorean triplet Since, 8+ 15° = 64 + 225 17 1 B): Square root of 18.49 = VIEa9 = 4.3 210 3. (B):__| 0231 ~2[0.053361 - 43) 133 129 461 461 461 0 Thus, (0.053361 = 0.231 4 (a) * (©): Prime factorisation of 6084=2x2x3x3x 13x13 W608 =2<313 5007 49. 144] 707 [+576 131 Least number that should be subtracted from 5607 to make it a perfect square is 131. 2, (A): 17640 is not a perfect square. 3. © = 233-5113 = 233-64 4. (D) =2x2%2x2x2x2x2x2x2 The prime factorisation of 512 All the prime factors can be paired except one 2, To make 512 a perfect square, multiply it by 2. () 6. (©): The prime factorisation of 12600 = 2x2 x2x3x3 x 5X5 x7 All the prime factors can be paired except 2 and 7. The smallest number by which 12600 must be divided .o make it a perfect square is 2 x 7 = 14. foovmaeel 7. (C): Wehave, fi4 => Squaring both sides, we get y _169 14d 144 y 169, _ 169-144 444d y 144 144 vy (B) : (A) Unit digit of 125 (B) Unit digit of 1897 = 1 (©) Unit digit of 1 (D) Unit digit of 153°=9 9. (B): Let xbe the number of soldiers in each row. To form a square, number of soldiers in each row must be equal to the number of rows. According to question, Number of soldiers who form square = 8160 ~ 60 = 8100. xx x= 8100 lass-8 | Mathematicsi421 =2 «3x35 2238x547=6 and y+2=6 4 8| Mathematics om‘Area ofeach square section 9288 SSeS = 2=27576 = x= TB 5. Given,