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atomic structure notes

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18 views5 pages

Document 1

atomic structure notes

Uploaded by

dishitachaudhary34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Atomic structure

Atomic structure
Uncertainty principle-:
Energy Levels: In bound quantum systems, such as electrons in an atom, the uncertainty
principle leads to quantized energy levels. It explains why electrons occupy discrete energy
levels rather than a continuous range.
PQN-:
Potential Energy: In an atom, the potential energy (U) of an electron is due to its electrostatic
interaction with the positively charged nucleus. This potential energy is given by:

Negative Potential Energys: The potential energy is negative because the


electrostatic force between the electron and nucleus is attractive. The more negative the
potential energy, the more tightly bound the electron is to the nucleus .

As n increases, the energy level of the electron also increases.


Azimuthal QN-:
The subsidiary quantum number specifies the shape of the orbital in which an electron is
found.

Magnetic QN-:
Atomic structure
Region where the probability is the maximum= orbital
Mqn gives the number of orbitals and their orientation, designated by m.

SPIN QN-: denotes the direction of spin of an e


Atomic structure

Electronic configuration of atomic orbitals-:


describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals.

The order of increasing energy of atomic orbitals is 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d,
4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p
Atomic structure

Energies of Orbitals: The energy of an orbital in an atom depends on two quantum numbers.

1. Quantum Number (n): Indicates the main energy level or shell.


2. Azimuthal Quantum Number (l): Indicates the shape of the orbital (s, p, d, f).
Atomic structure

3d Orbital:

 Principal Quantum Number (nnn): 3


 Azimuthal Quantum Number (lll): 2 (for d orbitals)
 n+ln + ln+l Value: 3+2=53 + 2 = 53+2=5

4p Orbital:

 Principal Quantum Number (nnn): 4


 Azimuthal Quantum Number (lll): 1 (for p orbitals)
 n+ln + ln+l Value: 4+1=54 + 1 = 54+1=5

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