0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views11 pages

MOS-Mod7-1 IPC

Modern operating system

Uploaded by

Akif Rosli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views11 pages

MOS-Mod7-1 IPC

Modern operating system

Uploaded by

Akif Rosli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

IPC (Interprocess

communication)
Inter-process Communication
• Processes within a system may be independent or cooperating
• Cooperating process can affect or be affected by other processes,
including sharing data
• Reasons for cooperating processes:
• Information sharing
• Computation speedup
• Modularity
• Convenience
• Two models of IPC (1) Shared memory (2) Message passing
Communications Model
• Message Passing • Shared Memory
IPC – MESSAGE PASSING
• Mechanism for processes to communicate and to synchronize their actions

• Message system – processes communicate with each other without


resorting to shared variables

• IPC facility provides two operations:


• send(message) – message size fixed or variable
• receive(message)

• If P and Q wish to communicate, they need to:


• establish a communication link between them
• exchange messages via send/receive

• Implementation of communication link


• physical (e.g., shared memory, hardware bus)
• logical (e.g., direct or indirect, synchronous or asynchronous)
IPC – MESSAGE PASSING
• Implementation Questions

• How are links established?

• Can a link be associated with more than two processes?

• How many links can there be between every pair of communicating processes?

• What is the capacity of a link?

• Is the size of a message that the link can accommodate fixed or variable?

• Is a link unidirectional or bi-directional?


DIRECT COMMUNICATION
• Processes must name each other explicitly:

• send (P, message) – send a message to process P


• receive(Q, message) – receive a message from process Q

• Properties of direct communication link

• A link is associated with exactly one pair of communicating processes


• Between each pair there exists exactly one link
• The link may be unidirectional, but is usually bidirectional
INDIRECT COMMUNICATION
• Messages are directed and received from mailboxes (also referred to
as ports)
• Each mailbox has a unique id
• Processes can communicate only if they share a mailbox
• Properties of communication link
• Link established only if processes share a common mailbox
• A link may be associated with many processes
• Each pair of processes may share several communication links
• Link may be unidirectional or bi-directional
Message Synchronization
• Message passing may be either blocking or nonblocking

• Blocking is considered synchronous


• Blocking send has the sender block until the message is received
• Blocking receive has the receiver block until a message is available

• Non-blocking is considered asynchronous


• Non-blocking send has the sender send the message and continue
• Non-blocking receive has the receiver receive a valid message or null
Message Synchronization
• Message passing may be either blocking or nonblocking

• Blocking is considered synchronous


• Blocking send has the sender block until the message is received
• Blocking receive has the receiver block until a message is available

• Non-blocking is considered asynchronous


• Non-blocking send has the sender send the message and continue
• Non-blocking receive has the receiver receive a valid message or null
PRODUCER-CONSUMER PROBLEM
• Paradigm for cooperating processes,
• producer process produces information that is consumed by a
consumer process
• unbounded-buffer places no practical limit on the size of the buffer
• bounded-buffer assumes that there is a fixed buffer size
Buffering
• Queue of messages attached to the link;
implemented in one of three ways

1. Zero capacity – 0 messages Sender must wait for receiver (rendezvous)

2. Bounded capacity – finite length of n messages Sender must wait if link full

3. Unbounded capacity – infinite length Sender never waits

You might also like