(For Internal Circulation and reference only)

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi-590 018

************************************************

Fourth Semester B.E.

[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

“Database Management System Laboratory

(BCS403)” Manual

Name

USN

Section

Lab Batch

Day / Time

************************************************

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE- 560 083

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
(AI&ML) AY: 2023-2024
 SYLLABUS FOR EVEN SEMESTER AY: 2023-2024
SEMESTER: 4TH SECTION: A&B BATCH: 2022
COURSE: DATABASE MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE IPCC BCS403
SYSTEMS
CIE 50 SEE Marks: 50 Exam Hours 03
Number of Contact 3:0:2:0 Total Number 50 CREDITS 3
Hours/Week (L:T:P:S) of Contact
Hours
FACULTY NAME: Dr.K.VIJAYAKUMAR

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC (May cover all / major modules)

Sl.NO Experiments
1 Create a table called Employee & execute the following.
Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)
Create a user and grant all permissions to the user.
Insert the any three records in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO,
ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback. Check the result.
Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the employee table.
Insert null values to the employee table and verify the result.
2 Create a table called Employee that contain attributes EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR,
SAL &execute the following.
Add a column commission with domain to the Employee table.
Insert any five records into the table.
Update the column details of job
Rename the column of Employ table using alter command.
Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.
3 Queries using aggregate functions (COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX, SUM), Group by, Order
by.
Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
Create Employee table containing all Records E_id, E_name, Age, Salary.
Count number of employee names from employee table
Find the Maximum age from employee table.

Find the Minimum age from employee table.

Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.
Find grouped salaries of employees.
4 Create a row level trigger for the customers table that would fire for INSERT or
UPDATE orDELETE operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger
will display the salary difference between the old & new Salary.
CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
5 Create cursor for Employee table & extract the values from the table. Declare the
variables, Open the cursor & extract the values from the cursor. Close the cursor.
Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
6 Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data
availablein the newly created table N_RollCall with the data available in the table
O_RollCall. If the data in the first table already exist in the second table then that
data should be skipped.
7 Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB & perform basic CRUD (Create,
Read, Update & Delete) operations. Execute MangoDB basic Queries using CRUD
operations.
 LAB COMPLETION DETAILS FOR EVEN SEMESTER AY: 2023-2024

Sl.NO Experiments DATE AND SIGNATURE

TIME
1 Create a table called Employee & execute the
following.
Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)
Create a user and grant all permissions to the user.
Insert the any three records in the employee table
contains attributes EMPNO, ENAME JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use
rollback. Check the result.
Add primary key constraint and not null
constraint to the employee table.
Insert null values to the employee table and verify
the result.
2 Create a table called Employee that contain
attributes EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL &
execute the following.
Add a column commission with domain to the
Employee table.
Insert any five records into the table.
Update the column details of job
Rename the column of Employ table using alter
command.
Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.
3 Queries using aggregate functions (COUNT, AVG,
MIN, MAX, SUM), Group by, Order by.
 Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
Create Employee table containing all Records
E_id, E_name, Age, Salary.
Count number of employee names from employee
table
Find the Maximum age from employee table.
Find the Minimum age from employee table.
Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.
Find grouped salaries of employees.
4 Create a row level trigger for the customers table
that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE orDELETE
operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table.
This trigger will display the salary difference
between the old & new Salary.
CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
5 Create cursor for Employee table & extract the
values from the table. Declare the variables, Open
the cursor & extract the values from the cursor.
Close the cursor.
Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
6 Write a PL/SQL block of code using
parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data
available in the newly created table N_RollCall
with the data available in the table O_RollCall. If
the data in the first table already exist in the
second table then that data should be skipped.
7 Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB &
perform basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update &
Delete) operations. Execute MangoDB basic
Queries using CRUD operations.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BCS403

Pre Commands for setup Oracle database

1. Create a user command
Syntax: create user username identified by password;
Example: create user example identified by example;
2. Grant connect to user
Syntax: grant connect to userName identified by password;
Example: grant connect to example identified by example;

3. Grant all privileges to user

Syntax: grant all privileges to userName identified by password;
Example: grant all privileges to example identified by example;

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EXPERIMENT 1:
AIM:
Create a table called Employee & execute the following.
Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)
1. Create a user and grant all permissions to the user.
2. Insert the any three records in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO, ENAME JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback. Check the result.
3. Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the employee table.
4. Insert null values to the employee table and verify the result.
DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: employee
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
EMPNO Number (number) 32-bit integer empno number(10)
ENAME Character (VARCHAR2) 10 Characters ename varchar2(10)
JOB Character (VARCHAR2) 10 Characters job varchar2(10)
MANAGER_NO Number (number) 32-bit integer manager_no number(10)
SAL Number (number) 32-bit integer sal number(10)
COMMISSION Number (number) 32-bit integer commission number(10)

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PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION:

P1. Create a table called Employee & execute the following.
Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table employee (empno number(10), ename varchar2(10), job varchar2(10), manager_no
number(10), sal number(10), commission number(10));

SQL> desc employee;

Practice Query:
Drop the table created
SQL> DROP TABLE employee;

P2. Insert the any three records in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO, ENAME JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback. Check the result.
SOLUTION:
SYNTAX:
INSERT INTO table (column1, column2, ... column_n ) VALUES (expression1, expression2, ...
expression_n );

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SQL>
1. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission)
values(1,'Abhi','Manager',1,20000,1000);

2. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission)

values(2,'Rohan','Analyst',1,10000,100);
3. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission)
values(3,'David','Clerk',1,9000,50);
Insert command with rollback option
BEGIN
insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission)
values(4,'Karan','Manager',1,20000,1000);
ROLLBACK;
END;
Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows into the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

P3. Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the employee table.
SOLUTION:
To add NOT NULL constraint to existing column to the employee table.
SYNTAX: ALTER TABLE tablename MODIFY columnname NOT NULL NOVALIDATE;
SQL>

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ALTER TABLE employee MODIFY empno NOT NULL NOVALIDATE;

To add Primary key to the employee table.

SYNTAX:
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD CONSTRAINT constraintname PRIMARY KEY (column1,
column2…columnn);
SQL>
ALTER TABLE employee ADD CONSTRAINT pk_emp PRIMARY KEY (empno);

P4: Insert null values to the employee table and verify the result.
To Insert null values, use the insert command and pass the column value as null. Only NULLABLE
columns accept the null values.

SQL>
1. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission)
values(5,'Kumar','Admin',NULL,NULL,NULL);
2. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission) values (6,'Suhan’, NULL,
NULL, NULL, NULL);
3. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, manager_no, sal, commission) values (7, NULL, NULL,
NULL, NULL, NULL);
Verify the Result
SQL> select * from employee;

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Conclusion:
All the queries as described in the experiment 1 is executed on the oracle 10g DBMS system. The results
are recorded and verified. The modification for the queries is also executed to understand the complete
importance of the CREATE, INSERT and SELECT SQL queries.

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EXPERIMENT 2:
AIM:
Create a table called Employee that contain attributes EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL &execute
the following.
1. Add a column commission with domain to the Employee table.
2. Insert any five records into the table.
3. Update the column details of job
4. Rename the column of Employ table using alter command.
5. Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.

DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: employee
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
EMPNO Number (number) 32-bit integer empno number(10)
ENAME Character (VARCHAR2) 10 Characters ename varchar2(10)
JOB Character (VARCHAR2) 10 Characters job varchar2(10)
MGR Number (number) 32-bit integer mgr number(10)
SAL Number (number) 32-bit integer sal number(10)

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION:

Pre Query:
Create a table called Employee & execute the following.
Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table employee (empno number(10), ename varchar2(10), job varchar2(10), mgr
number(10), sal number(10));

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SQL> desc employee;

P1. Add a column commission with domain to the Employee table.

SOLUTION:
SQL> alter table employee add(commission number(10));

SQL> desc employee;

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P2. Insert any five records into the table.

SOLUTION:
SQL>
1. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, mgr, sal, commission)
values(101,'Kumar','Manager',100,20000,100);

2. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, mgr, sal, commission)

values(102,'Rohan','Analyst',101,10000,100);
3. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, mgr, sal, commission)
values(103,'Kumar','Clerk',101,9000,50);
4. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, mgr, sal, commission)
values(104,'Chandu','Admin',101,9000,50);
5. insert into employee (empno, ename, job, mgr, sal, commission)
values(105,'Keerthi','Designer',101,9000,50);

Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows into the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

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P3. Update the column details of job.

SOLUTION:
Syntax: UPDATE table SET column1 = expression1, column2 = expression2,
... column_n = expression_n WHERE conditions;
SQL> update employee set job='trainee' where empno=103;

Practice Query:
Check the result of updated rows in the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

P4. Rename the column of Employ table using alter command.

SOLUTION:
Syntax: ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY (column_1 column_type, column_2 column_type,
... column_n column_type);

SQL> alter table employee rename column mgr to manager_no;

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Practice Query:
Check the result of altered column in the employee table.
SQL> desc employee;

P5. Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.

SOLUTION:
Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE conditions;

SQL> delete employee where empno=105;

Practice Query:
Check the result of deleted row in the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

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EXPERIMENT 3:
AIM:
Queries using aggregate functions (COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX, SUM), Group by, Order by.
Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
1. Create Employee table containing all Records E_id, E_name, Age, Salary.
2. Count number of employee names from employee table
3. Find the Maximum age from employee table.
4. Find the Minimum age from employee table.
5. Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.
6. Find grouped salaries of employees.

DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: employee
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
EMPNO Number (number) 32-bit integer empno number(10)
ENAME Character (VARCHAR2) 10 Characters ename varchar2(10)
age Number (number) 32-bit integer age number(10)
SAL Number (number) 32-bit integer sal number(10)

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION:

P1:
Create a table called Employee & execute the following.
Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, AGE, SAL)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table employee (empno number(10), ename varchar2(10), age number(10), sal
number(10));

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Practice Query:
Check the result of the employee table.
SQL> desc employee;

Insert atleast five rows into the employee table.

1. insert into employee (empno, ename, age, sal) values(101,'Kumar',45,20000);

2. insert into employee (empno, ename, age, sal) values(102,'Rohan',42,10000);

3. insert into employee (empno, ename, age, sal) values(103,'Kumar',38,9000);
4. insert into employee (empno, ename, age, sal) values(104,'Chandu',35,9000);
5. insert into employee (empno, ename, age, sal) values(105,'Keerthi',36,9000);

Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows in the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

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P2: Count number of employee names from employee table.

SOLUTION:
SQL> select count(ename) from employee;

P3: Find the Maximum age from employee table.

SOLUTION:
SQL> select max(age) from employee;

P4: Find the Minimum age from employee table.

SOLUTION:
SQL> select min(age) from employee;

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Practice Query:
SQL> select avg(age) from employee;

P5: Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.

SOLUTION:
SQL> select ename, sal from employee order by sal;

Practice Query:
Find salaries of employee in DescendingOrder.
SQL> select ename,sal from employee order by sal desc;

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P6: Find grouped salaries of employees.

SOLUTION:
SQL> select sal from employee group by sal;

Practice Query:
Find employee name and salaries of employee whose age is below 40 and salary is above 5000.
SQL> select ename, sal from employee where age<40 group by ename, sal having sal>5000;

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EXPERIMENT 4:
AIM:
Create a row level trigger for the customers table that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE or
DELETE operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the salary
difference between the old & new Salary.
CUSTOMERS (ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, SALARY)
DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: customers
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
ID Number (number) 32-bit integer id number(10)
NAME Character (VARCHAR2) 30 Characters name varchar2(30)
AGE Number (number) 32-bit integer age number(10)
ADDRESS Number (number) 32-bit integer address varchar2(50)
SALARY Number (number) 32-bit integer salary number(10)

PRE QUERIES:
Create a table called customers & execute the following.
customers (ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, SALARY)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table customers (id number(10), name varchar2(30), age number(10), address varchar2(50),
salary number(10));

Insert atleast five rows into the employee table.

1. insert into customers (id, name, age, address, salary) values(101,'Kumar',45, 'Bengalure',20000);

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2. insert into customers (id, name, age, address, salary) values(102,'Rohan',42, 'Tumkuru', 10000);
3. insert into customers (id, name, age, address, salary) values(103,'Kumar',38, 'Belagavi', 9000);
4. insert into customers (id, name, age, address, salary) values(104,'Chandu',35, 'Tiptur ', 9000);
5. insert into customers (id, name, age, address, salary) values(105,'Keerthi',36, 'Mangaluru',9000);
Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows in the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION:

P1: Create a row level trigger for the customers table that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE or
DELETE operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the salary
difference between the old & new Salary.
SOLUTION:
SQL>
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER display_salary_changes
BEFORE DELETE OR INSERT OR UPDATE
ON customers FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.ID > 0)
DECLARE sal_diff number;
BEGIN
sal_diff := :NEW.salary - :OLD.salary;
dbms_output.put_line('Old salary: ' || :OLD.salary);
dbms_output.put_line('New salary: ' || :NEW.salary);
dbms_output.put_line('Salary difference: ' || sal_diff);
END;

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To check whether trigger works during INSERT statement.

SQL>
insert into customers (id, name, age, address, salary) values (105,'Keerthi',36, 'Mangaluru',9000);

To check whether trigger works during UPDATE statement.

SQL>
update customers SET salary=10000 where id=105;

To check whether trigger works during DELETE statement.

SQL>
delete from customers where id=105;

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EXPERIMENT 5:
AIM:
Create cursor for Employee table & extract the values from the table. Declare the variables, Open
the cursor & extract the values from the cursor. Close the cursor.
Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: employee
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
E_ID Number (number) 32-bit integer e_id number(10)
E_NAME Character (VARCHAR2) 30 Characters e_name varchar2(30)
AGE Number (number) 32-bit integer age number(10)
SALARY Number (number) 32-bit integer salary number(10)

PRE QUERIES:
Create a table called customers & execute the following.
employee (E_ID,E_NAME, AGE, SALARY)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table employee (e_id number(10), e_name varchar2(30), age number(10), salary
number(10));

SQL> desc employee;

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Insert atleast five rows into the employee table.

1. insert into employee (e_id, e_name, age, salary) values(101,'Kumar',45,20000);

2. insert into employee (e_id, e_name, age, salary) values(102,'Rohan',42, 10000);

3. insert into employee (e_id, e_name, age, salary) values(103,'Kumar',38, 9000);
4. insert into employee (e_id, e_name, age, salary) values(104,'Chandu',35, 9000);
5. insert into employee (e_id, e_name, age, salary) values(105,'Keerthi',36, 9000);
Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows in the employee table.
SQL> select * from employee;

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION:

P1: Create cursor for Employee table & extract the values from the table. Declare the variables,
Open the cursor & extract the values from the cursor. Close the cursor.
Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
SOLUTION:
SQL>
DECLARE CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT E_id, E_name, Age, Salary FROM Employee;
v_e_id NUMBER;
v_e_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_age NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;

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BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor;
LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_e_id, v_e_name, v_age, v_salary;
EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_e_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_e_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Age: ' || v_age);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || v_salary);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;

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EXPERIMENT 6:
AIM:
Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data availablein the
newly created table N_RollCall with the data available in the table O_RollCall. If the data in the first
table already exist in the second table, then that data should be skipped.
DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: N_RollCall
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
ROLL Number (number) 32-bit integer roll number(10)
NAME Character (VARCHAR2) 30 Characters name varchar2(30)

TABLE NAME: O_RollCall

Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
ROLL Number (number) 32-bit integer roll number(10)
NAME Character (VARCHAR2) 30 Characters name varchar2(30)

PRE QUERIES:
Create a table called N_RollCall & execute the following.
N_RollCall (ROLL,NAME)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table N_RollCall (roll number(10), name varchar2(30));

SQL> desc N_RollCall;

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Insert atleast five rows into the N_RollCall table.

1. insert into N_RollCall (roll,name) values(101,'Kumar');

2. insert into N_RollCall (roll,name)values(102,'Rohan');

3. insert into N_RollCall (roll,name) values(103,'Kumar');
4. insert into N_RollCall (roll,name) values(104,'Chandu');
5. insert into N_RollCall (roll,name) values(105,'Keerthi');
Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows in the N_RollCall table.
SQL> select * from N_RollCall;

Create a table called O_RollCall & execute the following.

O_RollCall (ROLL,NAME)
SOLUTION:
SQL> create table O_RollCall (roll number(10), name varchar2(30));

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SQL> desc O_RollCall;

Insert atleast five rows into the O_RollCall table.

1. insert into O_RollCall (roll,name) values(201,'Abhi');

2. insert into O_RollCall (roll,name)values(202,'Rohit');

3. insert into O_RollCall (roll,name) values(203,'Kumar');
4. insert into O_RollCall (roll,name) values(204,'Chandu');
5. insert into O_RollCall (roll,name) values(505,'Keerthi');
Practice Query:
Check the result of insertion of rows in the O_RollCall table.
SQL> select * from O_RollCall;

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PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION:

P1: Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data availablein
the newly created table N_RollCall with the data available in the table O_RollCall. If the data in the
first table already exist in the second table, then that data should be skipped.
SOLUTION:
SQL>
DECLARE
CURSOR c1 IS SELECT * FROM O_RollCall;
roll_no number;
counter number(10);
BEGIN
counter:=0;
FOR c1_rec IN c1 LOOP
select count(*) into roll_no from N_RollCall where roll=c1_rec.roll;
if roll_no=0 then
INSERT INTO N_RollCall VALUES (c1_rec.roll, c1_rec.name);
counter:=counter+1;
end if;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Number of Rows Inserted:'||counter);
END;

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EXPERIMENT 7:
AIM:
Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB & perform basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update &
Delete) operations. Execute MangoDB basic Queries using CRUD operations.
DESIGN:
TABLE NAME: N_RollCall
Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
ROLL Number (number) 32-bit integer roll number(10)
NAME Character (VARCHAR2) 30 Characters name varchar2(30)

TABLE NAME: O_RollCall

Fields/Column Domain/Data Format (SQL Size Syntax
name keyword)
ROLL Number (number) 32-bit integer roll number(10)
NAME Character (VARCHAR2) 30 Characters name varchar2(30)

PROBLEM 1:
Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB.
SOLUTION:
MongoDB is an open-source document-oriented database. It is categorized under the NoSQL(Not only
SQL) database because the storage and retrieval of data in MongoDB are not in the form of tables.
Requirements to Install MongoDB on Windows
MongoDB 4.4 and later only support 64-bit versions of Windows.
MongoDB 7.0 Community Edition supports the following 64-bit versions of Windows on x86_64
architecture:
Windows Server 2022
Windows Server 2019
Windows 11
Ensure that the user is running mongod and mongos has the necessary permissions from the following
groups:
Performance Monitor Users

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Performance Log Users

Install MangoDB:
Step1: To install MongoDB on windows, first, download the MongoDB server and then install the
MongoDB shell.
Step 2: When the download is complete open the msi file and click the next button in the startup screen:

Step 3: Now accept the End-User License Agreement and click the next button:

Step 4: Now select the complete option to install all the program features.

Step 5: Select “Run service as Network Service user” and copy the path of the data directory. Click
Next:

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Step 6: Click the Install button to start the MongoDB installation process:

Step 7: After clicking on the install button installation of MongoDB begins:

Step 8: Now click the Finish button to complete the MongoDB installation process:

Step 9: Now we go to the location where MongoDB installed in step 5 in your system and copy the bin
path:

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Step 10: Now, to create an environment variable open system properties << Environment Variable <<
System variable << path << Edit Environment variable and paste the copied link to your environment
system and click Ok:

Step 11: After setting the environment variable, we will run the MongoDB server, i.e. mongod. So,
open the command prompt and run the following command:
mongod
When you run this command you will get an error i.e. C:/data/db/ not found.

Step 12: Now, Open C drive and create a folder named “data” inside this folder create another folder
named “db”. After creating these folders. Again open the command prompt and run the following
command:
mongod
Now, this time the MongoDB server(i.e., mongod) will run successfully.

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Run mongo Shell

Step 13: Now we are going to connect our server (mongod) with the mongo shell. So, keep that mongod
window and open a new command prompt window and write mongo. Now, our mongo shell will
successfully connect to the mongod.

PROBLEM 1:
Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB.
SOLUTION:
SQL>
perform basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update & Delete) operations. Execute MangoDB basic Queries
using CRUD operations.
P1: CREATE OPERATION
SOLUTION:
Create a New Database Using Mongo Shell
use college
Show List of Databases
show dbs
Check Current Database
db

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Create Operations
Method Description
db.collection.insertOne() It is used to insert a single document in the collection.
db.collection.insertMany() It is used to insert multiple documents in the collection.
db.createCollection() It is used to create an empty collection.

Exercise1:
Insert Single Document
db.student.insert({Name: "Akshay", Marks: 500})
db.student.find().pretty()
db.student.insertOne({Name: "Akshay", Marks: 500})
db.student.insertOne({_id: "Stu102", Name: "Vishal", Marks: 230})
db.student.insertMany([{name:"Ajay",age:20},
{name:"Bina",age:24},
{name:"Ram",age:23}])
db.student.insertMany([{_id:"stu200", name:"Ammu", age:18},
{_id:"stu201", name:"Priya", age:29}])

In MongoDB, the Bulk.insert() method is used to perform insert operations in bulk.

var bulk = db.students.initializeUnorderedBulkOp();
bulk.insert( { first_name: "Sachin", last_name: "Tendulkar" } );
bulk.insert( { first_name: "Virender", last_name: "Sehwag" } );
bulk.insert( { first_name: "Shikhar", last_name: "Dhawan" } );
bulk.insert( { first_name: "Mohammed", last_name: "Shami" } );
bulk.insert( { first_name: "Shreyas", last_name: "Iyer" } );
bulk.execute();

P2: READ OPERATION

SOLUTION:
db.student.find({age:18})
db.student.find()
db.student.find({score:{math: 230, science: 234}})

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db.student.findOne({language:"c++"})
db.student.findOne({name: "Avinash"}, {_id: 0, language:1})

P3: UPDATE OPERATION

SOLUTION:
db.student.update({name:"avi"},{$set:{name:"helloword"}})
db.student.update({name:"prachi"},{$set:{age:20}}
db.student.updateOne({name: "Annu"}, {$set:{age:25}})
db.student.updateOne({name:"Bhannu"},{$set:{name:"Babita"}})

P4: DELETE OPERATION

SOLUTION:
db.student.remove({name: "Akshay"})
db.student.remove({})
db.student.remove({age:{$eq:18}}, true)
db.student.deleteOne({age:17})
db.student.deleteOne({age:{$lt:18}})

BASIC OPERATION1:
SOLUTION:
We will drop the student collection in the gfg database. It drops the student collection and all the indexes
associated with the collection:
db.student.drop()

BASIC OPERATION2:
SOLUTION:
MongoDB distinct() method finds the distinct values for a given field across a single collection and returns
the results in an array. It takes three parameters, first one is the field for which to return distinct values
and the others are optional.

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db.student.distinct("name")
db.student.distinct("detail.age")
db.student.distinct("marks")

BASIC OPERATION3:
SOLUTION:
In MongoDB, the limit() method limits the number of records or documents that you want. It basically
defines the max limit of records/documents that you want. Or in other words, this method uses on cursor
to specify the maximum number of documents/ records the cursor will return.
db.gfg.find().limit(2)
db.gfg.find({"content":/c/i}).limit(2)
Here, content is key were we will check whether it contains ‘c’ character in the string or not. /c/ denotes
that we are looking for strings that contain this ‘c’ character and in the end of /c/i, i denotes that it is case-
insensitive.
db.gfg.find({"content":/c/i}).limit(3)

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BASIC OPERATION4:
SOLUTION:
MongoDB provides a createIndex() method to create one or more indexes on collections. Using this
method we can create different types of indexes like text index, 2dsphere index, 2d index, etc.
db.student.createIndex({name:1})
db.student.createIndex({language:-1})
db.student.createIndex({name:1,language:-1})
db.student.createIndex({name:1},{unique:true})
db.student.createIndex({"branch.$**":1})

BASIC OPERATION5:
SOLUTION:
MongoDB – Comparison Query Operators
Operators Description
$eq Matches the values of the fields that are equal to a specified value.
$ne Matches all values of the field that are not equal to a specified value.
$gt Matches values of the fields that are greater than a specified value.
$gte Matches values of the fields that are greater than equal to the specified value.
$lt Matches values of the fields that are less than a specified value
$lte Matches values of the fields that are less than equal to the specified value
$in Matches any of the values specified in an array.
$nin Matches none of the values specified in an array.

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db.contributor.find({name: {$nin: [&quot;Amit&quot;, &quot;Suman&quot;]}}).pretty()

db.contributor.find({name: {$in: [&quot;Amit&quot;, &quot;Suman&quot;]}}).pretty()
db.contributor.find({salary: {$lt: 2000}}).pretty()
db.contributor.find({branch: {$eq: &quot;CSE&quot;}}).pretty()
db.contributor.find({branch: {$ne: &quot;CSE&quot;}}).pretty()
db.contributor.find({salary: {$gt: 1000}}).pretty()
db.contributor.find({joiningYear: {$gte: 2017}})
db.contributor.find({salary: {$lte: 1000}}).pretty()

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VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is database?
A database is a collection of information that is organized. So that it can easily be accessed,
managed, and updated.
2. What is DBMS?
DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a collection of programs that enables
user to create and maintain a database.
3. What is a Database system?
The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system.
4. What are the advantages of DBMS?
I. Redundancy is controlled.
II. Providing multiple user interfaces.
III. Providing backup and recovery
IV. Unauthorized access is restricted.
V. Enforcing integrity constraints.
5. What is normalization?
It is a process of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional
Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the properties
(1).Minimizing redundancy, (2). Minimizing insertion, deletion and update anomalies.
6. What is Data Model?
A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships data semantics and
constraints.
7. What is E-R model?
This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects called entities and of
relationship among these objects. Entities are described in a database by a set of
attributes.
8. What is Object Oriented model?
This model is based on collection of objects. An object contains values stored in instance
variables with in the object. An object also contains bodies of code that operate on the
object. These bodies of code are called methods. Objects that contain same types of values
and the same methods are grouped together into classes.
9. What is an Entity?
An entity is a thing or object of importance about which data must be captured.
10. What is DDL (Data Definition Language)?
A data base schema is specifies by a set of definitions expressed by a special language
called DDL.
11. What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)?
This language that enable user to access or manipulate data as organized by appropriate
data model. Procedural DML or Low level: DML requires a user to specify what data are
needed and how to get those data. Non-Procedural DML or High level: DML requires a
user to specify what data are needed without specifying how to get those data
12. What is DML Compiler?
It translates DML statements in a query language into low-level instruction that the query
evaluation engine can understand.
13. What is Query evaluation engine?
It executes low-level instruction generated by compiler.
14. Under what conditions should indexes be used?
Indexes can be created to enforce uniqueness, to facilitate sorting, and to enable fast
retrieval by column values. A good candidate for an index is a column that is frequently
used with equal conditions in WHERE clauses.
15. What is difference between SQL and SQL SERVER?
SQL is a language that provides an interface to RDBMS, developed by IBM. SQL SERVER is
a RDBMS just like Oracle, DB2.