Chapter

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 Learning Objectives

1. Distinguish between primary and secondary storage.

2. Identify the important characteristics of secondary storage, including
media, capacity, storage devices, and access speed.
3. Describe hard-disk platters, tracks, sectors, cylinders, and head crashes.
4. Compare internal and external hard drives.
5. Compare performance enhancements including disk caching, RAID, file
compression, and
file decompression.
Computing Essentials 2017

6. Define optical storage including compact discs, digital versatile discs, and
Blu-ray discs.
7. Define solid-state storage, including solid-state drives, flash memory cards,
and USB drives.
8. Define cloud storage and cloud storage services.
9. Describe mass storage, mass storage devices, enterprise storage systems,
and storage area networks.

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Introduction

 Data storage has expanded from text

and numeric files to include digital
music files, photographic files, video
files, and much more.
 These new types of files require
secondary storage devices with much
Computing Essentials 2017

greater capacity.
 In this chapter, you learn about the
many types of secondary storage
devices including their capabilities and
limitations.

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Storage

 Primary storage is:

 Volatile storage
 Loses content when the computer loses power
 Temporary storage
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
Computing Essentials 2017

 Secondary storage is:

 Nonvolatile storage
 Stores programs and data regardless of power
 Permanent storage
 Permanently saves information for future use

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 Secondary Storage Characteristics

 Secondary storage characteristics

 Media
 Physical materials that holds data and programs
 Capacity
 How much the media can hold
 Storage devices
Computing Essentials 2017

 Hardware that reads data and programs

 Access speed
 Amount of time required to retrieve data from storage
 Writing is the process of saving information to storage
 Reading is the process of accessing information from storage

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Hard Disks

Save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk’s surface to

represent 1s and 0s
 Use rigid, metallic platters that are stacked one on top of one another
 Store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders
Computing Essentials 2017

How charges on a disk surface store the letter A Tracks and Sectors

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Head Crash

Occurs when read-write head

makes contact with the hard
disk’s surface or with particles
on its surface
 Disastrous
Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Types of Hard Disks

Internal
 Located inside the system unit
 Used to store programs and data files
 You should perform routine maintenance
and periodically backup all important
files
Computing Essentials 2017

External
 Removable
 Used to complement internal hard disk

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Performance Enhancements

There are 3 ways to enhance performance.

Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Solid-State Storage

Solid–state devices (SSDs) have no moving

parts

 Solid-state drives
 Faster and more durable than hard disks
 Access to slash memory or solid state storage

 Flash memory cards

Computing Essentials 2017

 Widely used in laptops, smartphones, GPS

navigation systems

 USB Drives (or Flash Drives)

 Connect to USB port
 Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB
 Portable

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Optical Discs

 Hold over 128 gigabytes (GB) of

data
 Use reflected light to represent
data
 Lands represent 1s and 0s on the disc
Computing Essentials 2017

 Pits are bumpy areas on the disc that,

when light is reflected, determine the
1s and 0s
 Use tracks and sectors to organize and
store files but only use a single track
unlike the hard drive

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Optical Disc Types
Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Optical Disc Formats

Type Access Description

CD-ROM Compact disc – read only mode Cannot be written to or erased
CD-R Compact disc – recordable Can be written to
CD-RW Compact disc – rewritable Can be written to and erasable
Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Cloud Storage

The Internet acts as a “cloud”

of servers
 Applications provided as a
service rather than a product
 Supplied by servers that
provide cloud storage or online
Computing Essentials 2017

storage

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Cloud Storage Services

Benefits / Advantages Disadvantages

• Maintenance • Access speed
• Hardware upgrades • File Security
• File sharing and collaboration
Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Cloud Storage Service Companies
Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Making IT Work for You ~ Cloud
Storage

Using a cloud storage service makes it easy to upload and

share files with anyone.

Starting Dropbox Dropbox Sharing Dropbox

Step 1 Step 2
Computing Essentials 2017

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Mass Storage Devices

To meet the needs of

organizations requiring large
amounts of secondary storage
requirements
 Enterprise storage system
 Safe use of data across an
Computing Essentials 2017

organizational network
 Devices include:
 File servers
 Networked attached storage (NAS)
 RAID systems
 Organizational cloud storage

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Storage Area Network (SAN)

 Architecture to link remote computer storage

devices
 Enterprise storage systems can be connected to
 Computers to provide local system access
 User’s computer provides file system, but SAN
Computing Essentials 2017

provides disk space

 House data in remote locations and still allow
efficient and secure access

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Careers In IT

 Disaster recovery specialists are responsible for

recovering systems and data after a disaster
strokes
 General employer requirements
 Bachelors or associates degree in
computer science or information systems
Computing Essentials 2017

 Experience in the field and skills in networking,

security and DBA
 Communication and skills and be able to handle high-
sress situations
 Annual salary of $70 K to $88 K

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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 A Look to the Future ~ Next Generation
Storage

 At some point, hard

drives will no longer be
able to keep up
 Looking at ways of
increasing capacity
without increasing size
Computing Essentials 2017

 Currently hard drive

maxes out at 128 GB per
square inch.
 New technologies may
advance this to 6.25 TG
(6,250 GB) per square
inch.
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2)

1. Compare primary storage and secondary storage, and discuss

the most important characteristics of secondary storage.

2. Discuss hard disks including density, platters, tracks, sectors,

cylinders, head crashes, internal, external, and performance
enhancements.
Computing Essentials 2017

3. Discuss solid-state storage including solid-state drives, flash

memory, and USB drives.

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
 Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2)

4. Discuss optical disks including pits, lands, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray,

and hi def.

5. Discuss cloud computing and cloud storage.

Computing Essentials 2017

6. Describe mass storage devices including enterprise storage

systems, file servers, network attached storage, RAID
systems, organizational cloud storage, and storage area
network systems.

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.