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Lecture 3 - Introduction To Computer Data Processing Using Python

Introduction to data processing

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25 views

Lecture 3 - Introduction To Computer Data Processing Using Python

Introduction to data processing

Uploaded by

alfonsogatorno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CS4051 FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

Topic 3: Introduction to Computer Data


Processing using Python
LECTURE OUTLINE
1 Programming Languages
2 Data Processing in Python
2.1 Variables declaration
2.3 Input/output statements
2.2 Expressions and operators
2.4 Data types
3 Python Functions
– Functions and libraries
4 Errors in Python Programs
5 An Python Example
PROGRAMING LANGUAGES
• Low level languages: Assembly languages or
assemblers are computer languages specific to the computer
architecture which replaces the binary machine instructions with
shorter, more convenient expressions
– Instructions: LOAD, STORE, COPY and MOVE
– The assembler programs are machine dependent
• Higher level programming
languages are created to
allow humans to describe
precisely algorithms
using a higher level of
abstraction than
Assembler codes
– Example: Java, C, C++,
Python, R
PROGRAMMING DATA PROCESSSING
• High level programing languages shield users from
details of the machine and makes their work more
efficient
+ More productive: a single programming language
statement usually represents more than one machine
instructions.
+ Conceal the hardware detail: programmers need not
know the details of the hardware.

– However, the high level program needs to be translated


into machine language before execution.
GETTING STARTED WITH PYTHON
• Python is a popular programming language for
computation, data analysis and text processing
– We will use Python version 3 to write Python scripts
– We are not going to use the full features of Python, leaving
out the object-oriented features
• Python can be used to develop, test and execute Python
scripts in two modes
– Interactive mode: using command shell
– Scripting mode: using file editor to write the script, and a
Python interpreter to execute the script
PYTHON IN INTERACTIVE MODE
PYTHON IN SCRIPTING MODE
DATA PROCESSING IN PYTHON
• The data has type
• Simple (primitive) data types
– Binary, hexadecimal, decimal integers
– Floating point decimal numbers
– Boolean values (True, False)
– Characters
• Complex (structured) data types
– Character strings
– Lists, Vectors, Tables, Dictionaries, etc.
VARIABLES AND DECLARATION
• Variables: store data
>>> my_greetings = 'Hello!'
>>> my_greetings
'Hello!'

• The variables have different types (implicitly


defined)
>>> my_integer = 5
>>> my_floating_point = 26.2
>>> my_Boolean = True
>>> my_hexadecimal = 0xFF
INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
• Python data processing is organised in a workflow
– Input data
– Process data to produce results
– Output results

>>> greet=input('Enter greetings


here:') Enter greetings here: Hello,
Python!
>>> greet
'Hello, Python!'
>>> print(greet)
Hello, Python!
PYTHON - BASIC OPERATORS
Operators Meaning and examples
+, -, *, /
** Exponent 10**2 ➔10 to the power of 2
% Modulus 10%3 ➔ remainder 1

>, <, >=, <=


// Floor Division 10/3 ➔ 3
== logical equality If the two values are equal
!=, <> If the two values are not equal

& Binary AND a&b


| Binary OR a|b
^ Binary XOR a^b
~ Binary NOT ~a
<<, >> Binary left or right shift a << 2 0 -11
EXPRESSIONS AND OPERATIONS
• Python interpreter computes expressions:

─ Arithmetic expressions
>>> print(3 + 4) # Prints 7
>>> print(7 * 8) # Prints 56
>>> print(45 / 4) # Prints 11.25
>>> print(2 ** 10) # Prints 1024
─ Logical expressions
>>> print(1==2) # Prints False
>>> print(5>3 and '5'>'3’) # Prints True
─ String expressions
>>> r = 'Hello'
>>> print(r + 'World’) # Prints HelloWorld
>>> print(r * 3) # Prints HelloHelloHello
TYPES AND TYPE CONVERSION
• The operations in Python must match the type of
data in order to make sense
• Sometimes Python automatically converts types
>>> x=0b100 # x is binary data
>>> print(x==4) # Prints True
• We can also convert data from one type to another
using suitable type conversion operations
>>> x='127'
>>> y=127
>>> print(x+x)
127127
>>> print(y+y)
254
>>> print(str(y)+x) # 127127
EXAMPLE: BITWISE OPERATIONS

• The bin() function returns the binary as a string

>>> print(bin(0b10011010 & 0b11001001)) #


AND 0b10001000
>>> print(bin(0b10011010 | 0b11001001)) #
OR 0b11011011
>>> print(bin(0b10011010 ^ 0b11001001)) # XOR
0b1010011
PYTHON FUNCTIONS
• Programming using Python has three
prerequisites: data, algorithms, and program
interpreter
– The data can be prepared in data files, entered using
input operations during the execution.
– The algorithms are coded using Python
– The program interpreter needs to be installed
• Installed python
– A so-called integrated development environment (IDE)
– An editor
– Interpreter
FUNCTIONS
• Function: A name with a series of operations
performed on the given parameter(s)
• Function call: Appearance of a function in a Python
expression or statement

Example: Finding the largest number


>>> x = 1034
>>> y = 1056
>>> z = 2078
>>> w = max(x, y, z) # Finds the biggest
>>> print(w)
2078
FUNCTION PARAMETERS

• A fruitful function: return a value


• A void function or procedure: does not return a
value
Example: Calculating the hypotenuse of a triangle
# Entering the sides of a right triangle
>>> sideA = 3.0
>>> sideB = 4.0
# Calculate third side
>>> hypotenuse = math.sqrt(sideA**2 + sideB**2)
# Output the result
>>> print(hypotenuse) method of a library
5.0
USING LIBRARIES OF PREDEFINED FUNCTIONS

• The function definitions can be grouped into


libraries
– Python has set of libraries for use
– You may develop your own libraries
– Before use, the libraries need to be loaded, e.g.,

import math
# Inputting the side lengths, first try
sideA = int(input('Length of side A? '))
sideB = int(input('Length of side B? '))
# Calculate third side via Pythagorean
Theorem hypotenuse = math.sqrt(sideA**2 +
sideB**2) print(hypotenuse)
0-18
ERRORS IN PYTHON PROGRAMS
• Syntax errors
- Omissions
>>> print(5 +)
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
- Typing errors (typos)
>>> pront(5)
NameError: name 'pront' is not defined
• Semantic errors
– Incorrect expressions or wrong types like
>>> total_pay = 'Jun Li' + extra_hours * rate
• Runtime errors
- Unintentional divide by zero
EXAMPLE: MARATHON TRAINING ASSISTANT
PROGRAM
# Marathon training assistant.
import math
# This function converts a number of minutes
and # seconds into just seconds.
def total_seconds(min, sec):
return min * 60 + sec
# This function calculates a speed in miles per
# hour given a time (in seconds) to run a
single # mile.
def speed(time):
return 3600 / time
MARATHON TRAINING ASSISTANT
# Prompt user for pace and mileage.
pace_minutes = int(input('Minutes per mile? '))
pace_seconds = int(input('Seconds per mile? '))
miles = int(input('Total miles? '))
# Calculate and print speed.
mph = speed(total_seconds(pace_minutes,pace_seconds))
print('Your speed is ' + str(mph) + ' mph')
# Calculate elapsed time for planned workout.
total = miles *
total_seconds(pace_minutes,pace_seconds)
elapsed_minutes = total // 60
elapsed_seconds = total % 60
print('Your elapsed time is ' + str(elapsed_minutes) +
' mins ' + str(elapsed_seconds) + ' secs')
EXAMPLE MARATHON TRAINING DATA

Time Per Mile Total Elapsed Time

Minutes Seconds Miles Speed (mph) Minutes Seconds

9 14 5 6.49819494584 46 10

8 0 3 7.5 24 0
7 45 6 7.74193548387 46 30

7 25 1 8.08988764044 7 25

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