Logarithm rules - log(x) rules http://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/logarithm/Logarithm_Rules.

htm

Logarithm Rules and Properties

Logarithm rules and properties:

Rule name Rule

Logarithm logb(x · y) = logb(x) +

product
rule logb(y)
Logarithm logb(x / y) = logb(x) -
quotient
rule logb(y)
Logarithm
power logb(x y) = y · logb(x)
rule

Logarithm
base
switch
logb(c) = 1 / logc(b)
rule

Logarithm
base
change
logb(x) = logc(x) / logc(b)
rule

Derivative f (x) = logb(x) ⇒ f ' (x) =

of
logarithm 1 / ( x ln(b) )
Integral of ∫ logb(x) dx = x · ( logb(x)
logarithm
- 1 / ln(b) ) + C
Logarithm
logb(0) is undefined
of 0

Logarithm
of 1
logb(1) = 0
Logarithm
of the logb(b) = 1
base

Logarithm lim logb(∞) = ∞, when

of infinity
x→∞

Logarithm product rule

The logarithm of a multiplication of x and y is the sum of logarithm of x and

logarithm of y.

logb(x · y) = logb(x) + logb(y)

For example:

logb(3 · 7) = logb(3) + logb(7)

The product rule can be used for fast multiplication calculation using

1 of 3 10/30/2011 8:35 PM
Logarithm rules - log(x) rules http://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/logarithm/Logarithm_Rules.htm

The product rule can be used for fast multiplication calculation using
addition operation.
The product of x multiplied by y is the inverse logarithm of the sum of
logb(x) and logb(y):

x · y = log-1(logb(x) + logb(y))
Logarithm quotient rule

The logarithm of a division of x and y is the difference of logarithm of x and

logarithm of y.

logb(x / y) = logb(x) - logb(y)

For example:

logb(3 / 7) = logb(3) - logb(7)

The quotient rule can be used for fast division calculation using subtraction
operation.
The quotient of x divided by y is the inverse logarithm of the subtraction of
logb(x) and logb(y):

x / y = log-1(logb(x) - logb(y))
Logarithm power rule

The logarithm of the exponent of x raised to the power of y, is y times the

logarithm of x.

logb(x y) = y · logb(x)
For example:

logb(28) = 8 · logb(2)
The power rule can be used for fast exponent calculation using
multiplication operation.
The exponent of x raised to the power of y is equal to the inverse
logarithm of the multiplication of y and logb(x):

x y = log-1(y · logb(x))
Logarithm base switch

The base b logarithm of c is 1 divided by the base c logarithm of b.

logb(c) = 1 / logc(b)
For example:
log2(8) = 1 / log8(2)
Logarithm base change

The base b logarithm of x is base c logarithm of x divided by the base c

logarithm of b.

logb(x) = logc(x) / logc(b)

Logarithm of 0

2 of 3 10/30/2011 8:35 PM
Logarithm rules - log(x) rules http://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/logarithm/Logarithm_Rules.htm

The base b logarithm of zero is undefined:

logb(0) is undefined
The limit near 0 is minus infinity:

Logarithm of 1

The base b logarithm of one is zero:

logb(1) = 0
For example:
log2(1) = 0
Logarithm of the base

The base b logarithm of b is one:

logb(b) = 1
For example:
log2(2) = 1
Logarithm derivative

When

f (x) = logb(x)
Then the derivative of f(x):

f ' (x) = 1 / ( x ln(b) )

For example:
When

f (x) = log2(x)
Then the derivative of f(x):

f ' (x) = 1 / ( x ln(2) )

Logarithm integral

The integral of logarithm of x:

∫ logb(x) dx = x · ( logb(x) - 1 / ln(b) ) + C

For example:

∫ log2(x) dx = x · ( log2(x) - 1 / ln(2) ) + C

Logarithm approximation

log2(x) ≈ n + (x/2n - 1) ,
Logarithm of zero ►

3 of 3 10/30/2011 8:35 PM