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Lesson 1 Part 1

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8 views28 pages

Lesson 1 Part 1

Djsjjwiwiidikie

Uploaded by

Cris Elcarte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1:

Mathematical
Functions
Subtitle here
Objective
• State the definition of function
• Identify the domain and range of the given
function
• Illustrate the function using graph
• Identify an odd and even functions
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
FUNCTIONS
• A function F from a set A to a set B is a relation with
domain A and co-domain B that satisfies the following
two properties:
1. For every element 𝒙 in A, there is an element 𝑦 in B such
that 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐅.
2. For all elements 𝑥 in 𝐴 and 𝑦 and 𝑧 in B,
if (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝐹 and 𝑥, 𝑧 ∈ 𝐹, then 𝑦 = 𝑧
• À= {1, 3, 5}
• B = {2, 4, 6}
• F = {(1,2), (3,4),(5,6)}
• F = 1,2 3, 2 , 5, 6
• F= { 1,2 , 1,4 , (3,2), (5,6)}
FUNCTIONS
• NOTATION
If A and B are sets and 𝐹 is a function from A to B,
then given any element 𝑥 by 𝐹 is denoted 𝐹 𝑥 , which is
read "𝑭 𝒐𝒇 𝒙” or "𝑓 at 𝑥”, or the image of 𝑥 under 𝑓.
Domain and Range
❑ Domain
The set A is the domain of the function.
❑ Range

The range of f is the set of all possible values of


𝑓(𝑥) as 𝑥 varies throughout the domain.
Analyzing a Function

• Example 1
A function 𝑓 is defined by the formula
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 4
(1) Express in words how 𝑓 acts on the input 𝑥 to produce
the output 𝑓(𝑥).
(2) Evaluate 𝑓 3 , 𝑓 −2 , and 𝑓 5 .
(3) Find the domain and range of 𝑓.
(4) Draw a machine diagram for 𝑓.
Evaluating a Function

In the definition of a function the independent variable 𝑥


plays the role of a placeholder. For example, the function
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 5 can be thought of as
𝑓 =3∎ 2+ −5

To evaluate 𝑓 at a number, we substitute for the


placeholder.
Evaluating a Function

Example 2. Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 5. Evaluate each


function value.
(a) 𝑓 −2

(b) 𝑓 0

(c) 𝑓 4

1 1 2 1
(d) 𝑓 =3 + −5
2 2 2
3 1 3+2 5 5−20 15
(e) = + −5= −5= −5= = −
4 2 4 4 4 4
Try this!
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
Find
1. 𝑓 1
2. 𝑓 −2
1
3. 𝑓
2
4. 𝑓 𝑎
5. 𝑓(−𝑎)
6. 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏)
A Piecewise Defined Function

Example 3. A cell phone plan costs $39 a month. The


plan includes 400 free minutes and charges 20ȼ for each
additional minute of usage. The monthly charges are a
function of the number of minutes, given by

39 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 400
𝐶 𝑥 =ቊ
39 + 0.20 𝑥 − 400 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 400
Find 𝐶(100), 𝐶 400 , and 𝐶 480 .
Try this!

Evaluate the piecewise defined function at the indicated


values.
𝑓 −2 , 𝑓 −1 , 𝑓 0 , 𝑓 1 , 𝑓(2)

𝑥2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
ቊ
𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
Evaluating a Function

Example 4. If 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1, evaluate the


following.

(a) 𝑓 𝑎
(b) 𝑓 −𝑎
(c) 𝑓 𝑎+ℎ
𝑓 𝑎+ℎ −𝑓(𝑎)
(d) ,ℎ ≠0
ℎ
The Weight of an Astronaut

If an astronaut weighs 130 pounds on the surface of the


earth, then her weight when she is ℎ miles above the earth is
3960 2
given by the function 𝑤 ℎ = 130
3960+ℎ

(a) What is her weight when she is 100 mi above the earth?
(b) Construct a table of values for the function 𝑤 that gives
her weight at heights from 0 𝑡𝑜 500 𝑚𝑖. What do you
conclude from the table?
The Weight of an Astronaut

(a)We want the value of the function 𝑤 when ℎ = 100;


that is, we must calculate 𝑤 100 .
2
3960
𝑤 100 = 130 ≈ 123.67
3960 + 100
(b) The table below gives the astronaut’s weight, rounded
to the nearest pound, at 100-mile increments. Observe
the values in the table
The Weight of an Astronaut

(b) The table below gives the astronaut’s weight, rounded


to the nearest pound, at 100-mile increments. Observe
the values in the table
𝒉 𝒘(𝒉)
𝟎 130
𝟏𝟎𝟎 124
200 118
300 112
400 107
500 102
Domain of a Function

❑ Domain is the set of all inputs for the functions.


❑ The domain of the function is the domain of the
algebraic expression – that is, the set of all real
numbers for which the expression is defined as
a real number.
Finding the Domain of a Function as a
Set of Ordered Pairs

Find the domain of the following function


{(2,10), (3,10), (4,20), (5,30), (6,40)}
Domain : 2, 3,4,5,6
How To: Given a function written in
equation form, find the domain
.
❑ Identify the input values.
❑ Identify any restrictions on the input
and exclude those values from the domain.
❑ Write the domain in interval form, if possible.
How To: Given a function
written in an equation form that includes
a fraction, find the domain

. ❑ Identify the input values.


❑ Identify any restrictions on the input. If there is a
denominator in the function’s formula, set the
denominator equal to zero and solve for 𝑥 . If
the function’s formula contains an even root, set the
radicand greater than or equal to 0, and then solve.
❑ Write the domain in interval form, making sure to
exclude any restricted values from the domain.
Domain of a Function

Consider these equations

1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥−4

The function 𝑓 has a domain of {𝑥|𝑥 ≠ 4} .


The function 𝑔 has a domain of {𝑥|𝑥 ≥ 0}
Finding the Domain of
Functions
Find the domain of each function.
1
a. 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥 2 −𝑥
b. 𝑔 𝑥 = 9 − 𝑥2
𝑡
c. ℎ 𝑡 =
𝑡+1
Let’s try this !

• Find the domain of the function


1
a. 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−3
b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥−5
1
c. 𝑓 𝑥 =
3𝑥−6
𝑥4
d. 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
Four Ways to Represent a
Function
• verbally (by a description in words)
• algebraically (by an explicit formula)
• visually (by a graph)
• Numerically (by table of values)
Four Ways to Represent a
Function
Example 7. Representing a
Function Verbally, Algebraically,
Numerically, and Graphically
Let 𝐹 𝐶 be the Fahrenheit temperature corresponding to
the Celsius temperature 𝐶. Find ways to represent this
function.
a. Algebraically (using a formula)
b. Numerically (using a table of values)
c. Visually (using a graph)

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