JPPIPA 9(Special Issue) (2023)

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA

Journal of Research in Science Education

http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/index

GPT Chat Integration in Project Based Learning in Learning: A

Systematic Literature Review
Iwan Purnama1, Firman Edi2, Syahrul3, Risnawati Agustin4, Nuridin Widya Pranoto5*

1 Information Technology Study Program, Universitas Labuhanbatu, Rantau Prapat, Indonesia

2 Engineering Management Study Program, Institut Teknologi Batam, Indonesia
3 Politeknik Pariwisata, Medan, Indonesia

4 Radinka Jaya Utama Institute, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

5 Sports Science Study Program, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia

Received: October 17, 2023 Abstract: The evolution of technology in education has opened new doors for
Revised: November 24, 2023 innovative teaching methods. One such breakthrough tool is ChatGPT, a learning
Accepted: December 25, 2023 model developed by Open AI. Open AI has huge potential, not only to increase
Published: December 31, 2023 efficiency but also to improve pedagogy for more engaging learning experiences.
The purpose of this research is to test the integration of GPT Chat in Project Based-
Corresponding Author: Learning in Learning. This research uses a systematic literature review method
Nuridin Widya Pranoto using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The results of
[email protected] this research explain that in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0, educational
institutions must prepare new literacy and orientation in the field of education,
DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6712 the new literacy itself is in the form of data, technology, and human resource
literacy. Project-based learning is a learning model that emphasizes student
© 2023 The Authors. This open access activity in solving various problems through a series of activities starting with
article is distributed under a (CC-BY gathering information, planning a project, and producing a particular product
License) packaged in the form of project work. The stages of project-based learning are
Determining basic questions, developing a project plan, Developing a schedule,
Monitoring, Test results, and Evaluation of experience. ChatGPT is a research tool
or “thought partner”, and is said to be useful for a variety of teaching purposes.
The application of the PjBL model has the potential to improve student learning
outcomes and motivation in Indonesia. Therefore, the integration of GPT chat
with Project Based-learning in learning needs to receive further attention so that
it can make a more significant contribution to improving the quality of learning
and student motivation in Indonesia.

Keywords: Education 4; GPT Chat; PjBL

Introduction Recent technical advances and discoveries have had a

significant impact on the global industrial environment
New opportunities for the collection, (Niresh et al., 2021; Harahap & Rafika, 2020; Tatipala et
dissemination, and use of information may emerge as a al., 2021; Laskurain-Iturbe et al., 2021). This is related to
result of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The term globalization and advances in information technology,
"Industry 4.0" has become increasingly widespread and which have substantially increased the capacity of
increasingly well known recently. The first mention of knowledge to move faster and further, creating more
this concept was made in a German government report opportunities for its emergence (Rodriguez, 2020). The
included in the high-tech 2020 strategic plan and function of highly qualified and competent teachers is
published in November 2011. Recent years have seen an the key to the higher education system. Apart from the
increase in the importance of the phrase "Industry 4.0". influence of globalization and technological advances on
___________
How to Cite:
Purnama, I., Edi, F., Syahrul, Agustin, R., & Pranoto, N. W. (2023). GPT Chat Integration in Project Based Learning in Learning: A Systematic
Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(SpecialIssue), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6712
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Desember 2023, Volume 9 (Special Issue), 150-158

learning. Therefore, in this industry 4.0 era of the 21st must be presented as problems in everyday life, so that
century, an education department that trains its students students are interested in knowing the solutions.
to be able to teach effectively and educate future Integrating GPT Chat as a learning assistant in the
generations in borderless information technology not classroom carries significant transformational potential.
only meets the needs of the industry but also ensures the From providing personal assistance to students to
best possible student experience (Lestariningsih, 2020; increasing engagement and interaction between
Nababan et al., 2020). students and teachers, utilizing. GPT Chat can enrich the
Learning is the process of student interaction with learning experience. However, it is important to
educators and learning resources in a learning remember that the teacher's role remains important in
environment. Learning is assistance provided by the learning process. GPT Chat is just a tool that can help
educators so that the process of acquiring knowledge improve the efficiency and quality of learning. Thus,
and knowledge, mastering skills and habits, as well as classroom transformation through the integration of
forming attitudes and beliefs in students can occur Chat GPT as a learning assistant can be a step towards
(Chan et al., 2019). In other words, learning is a process more adaptive and innovative learning.
to help students learn well. Learning is a core activity in Previous research by Syahlan et al. (2023),
the educational process because, through this learning explained that project-based learning (PjBL) is a learning
activity, it is hoped that educational goals can be strategy that can develop students' scientific skills in 21st
achieved in the form of changes in behavior in students, century-based learning, a learning method that can be
and it is also the hope of all parties that each student applied at all levels of education, in this learning method
achieves learning outcomes that are as good as possible the educator acts as a facilitator. Project-based learning
by the learning objectives. aims to find solutions to problems, apart from that,
The learning process is a manifestation of the students also learn the concept of how to solve problems
interaction of subjects (students) with objects consisting and develop critical thinking skills. Based on previous
of objects and events, processes, and products (Code, research by (Susanti et al., 2022) Increasing Student
2020). Students learning difficulties with the material, Learning Motivation through the Use of Interactive
lack of focus and concentration of students, and several Digital Books Based on Project Based Learning (PjBL),
disorders can cause students not to concentrate on and Research (Barlian et al., 2022), Boosting Student
learning, including students not having self-motivation, Learning Motivation Through Project-Based Learning
a learning environment that is not conducive, students' with Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction
health conditions that are not supportive, and students Motivational Design Process. There appears to be no
feeling bored, mismatch in students' understanding of research on GPT Chat Integration in Project-Based
concepts. Comprehension is a person's ability to Learning in Learning: A Systematic Literature Review.
understand and be able to explain an object that is The purpose of this research is to review several
understood. Each student's conceptual understanding of published studies that examine the Integration of GPT
the material is not always the same, this is influenced by Chat in Project-Based Learning in Learning: A
habits and experiences that develop before and while Systematic Literature Review.
students study at school. As an educator, this is a
challenge that must be answered. Teachers must be able Method
to attract interest, arouse curiosity, and enable students
to receive knowledge. We conducted this study as a systematic review
Teachers must be able to understand participants. following PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021). The
Of course, this can be done by presenting interesting, PRISMA guidelines provide several things to consider in
fun, and challenging learning. What is meant here is preparing a systematic review. In this study, we will
challenging students to solve problems. In this digital mainly focus on several main items: Learning in the era
era, technology plays an increasingly important role in of education 4.0, project-based learning in the 21st
the world of education. One promising innovation is the century, ChatGPT in Learning, and Integration of Chat
use of Chat GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) GPT with project-based learning in learning. This helps
as a learning assistant in the classroom and using the form the basis of our assessment. Initially, we collected
problem-based learning model, the problem-based the latest studies on the role of GPT Chat in writing
learning (PjBL) model is suitable for application in scientific articles, based on some selected keywords.
learning. Then, we apply eligibility criteria to the collection. We
PjBL is a problem-solving learning model where selected only literature published in 2017 or later to
students are required to be able to solve problems provide an overview of current trends. Apart from that,
cooperatively (Syahlan et al., 2023). Of course, problems

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we limited the type of literature to only literature in the and follow to encourage students' readiness to face the
form of journals and proceedings. Industry 4.0 era.

Result and Discussion

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews

(PRISMA) was the reporting technique used in this
study. The research was conducted methodically during
the required research phases. The information provided
is comprehensive and unbiased and aims to combine
relevant research results. The steps of a systematic
literature review include developing research questions,
literature searches, screening and selecting relevant
articles, screening and selecting the best research results,
analysis, synthesis of qualitative results, and
preparation of research reports. Writing the background
and objectives of the research, collecting research
questions, searching the literature, selecting articles,
extracting articles, assessing the quality of basic studies,
and summarizing the material are steps in the systematic
literature review research process.
The complete article was published in an
international journal in 2017-2023, indexed in a database,
and has the theme GPT Chat Integration in Project-Based
Learning in Learning: A Systematic Literature Review.
In this era of education 4.0, all campuses and high
schools in Indonesia must be able to support and Figure 1. Flow of the literature search process based on
prepare students who are ready to work. The following PRISMA guidelines
are several trends in education 4.0 that you need to know

Table 1. Learning in the education 4.0 ora

Source Learning in the education 4.0 era
(Coman et al., 2020); (Muktiarni et al., 2019); (Narh-Kert et Various times and places
al., 2022)
(Walkington & Bernacki, 2020); (Çetin & Karsantık, 2022); Personalized learning
(Radjuni, 2022)
(Singh et al., 2021); (Gudyanga, 2023); (Bonfield et al., 2020); Freedom of choice
(Vilalta-Perdomo et al., 2022); (Goh & Abdul-Wahab, 2020);
(Ngereja et al., 2020)

There are several trends in education 4.0 that you achieve more equitable learning outcomes. Students
need to know about and follow developments to who experience these difficulties will get additional
encourage students' readiness to face learning with study time by maximizing LMS and e-learning.
trends in the Industry 4.0 era. namely: Various times and This is to strengthen and increase opportunities for
places, namely students do not always have to study in students to have the same learning abilities; Freedom of
class and sit for lessons from morning to evening. They choice is carried out in each subject taught to all subjects
can study in different places by utilizing e-Learning. with the same goal, and the path taken by each student
Learning systems such as the Learning Management will be different. This is why personalization of learning
System (LMS) will encourage all students to take lessons needs to be done to ensure that all students are free to
more easily from anywhere armed with gadgets and choose their way of learning. For example, students can
laptops; Personalized learning means students can choose device A for studying outside the home and
adapt and learn using an LMS which also needs to be device B when at home. All of this is the freedom to
personalized based on student abilities. This indicates choose learning methods that can be adjusted to your
that all students have the same opportunity to work on wishes; Project-based learning This is very important for
tasks that are considered difficult independently to
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educational institutions to encourage students' rapid technological developments to keep pace with the
readiness to follow industry 4.0 trends. Industrial Revolution 4.0 that the world has undertaken.
Institutions need to have more contacts to deploy While the education system in Indonesia must be
students to projects that students can participate in ready for children to master technology, it is not yet
directly. Different from internships, this educational evenly prepared. Teachers and students have to adapt to
method focuses more on direct practice in the field with learning methods that are carried out remotely and
partners so that every material provided on campus is online in almost all schools and universities. Teachers
put into practice on the project and the student's level of are encouraged to be more creative and innovative in
success in receiving each material is assessed. Education developing learning methods. The problem is, that this
4.0 or Education 4.0 is a general term for educational freedom is sometimes a burden for those who are not
theorists to describe various ways to integrate cyber familiar with high technology. Therefore, all parties
technology into learning. These social changes in the must embrace the era of Education 4.0.
education sector follow the direction of increasingly

Table 2. Project Based-learning di abad 21

Source Project Based-learning in the 21st Century (Stages in project-
based learning in the 21st Century)
(Dwivedi et al., 2023) Determination of fundamental questions
(Aldridge & Bianchet, 2022); (Göloğlu Demir, 2020); Develop project planning
(Almazroui, 2023)
(Yuliansyah & Ayu, 2021) Arrange a schedule
(Fajarika Nuninsari et al., 2020); (Markula & Aksela, 2022) Monitoring
(Hopster-den Otter et al., 2017); (Waluyo & Nuraini, 2021); Test result
(Yulkifli et al., 2022)
(Novitasari & Mediatati, 2021); (Karyawati & Ashadi, 2018); Experience Evaluation
(Safaruddin et al., 2020); (Kusumawati, 2021)

Project-based learning is a strategy to change

traditional classes that focus on contextual learning
through complex activities. The Buck Institute for
Education states that project-based learning is a
systematic teaching method that involves students in
learning knowledge and skills through a structured
process, and real and thorough experiences designed to
produce products. Project-based learning is a learning
model that actively involves students in designing
learning objectives to produce real products or projects.
Student-created projects encourage a variety of abilities,
not only technical knowledge and problems, but also
practical skills such as dealing with incomplete or
inaccurate information, setting one's own goals, and
group collaboration. Figure 2. Stages in project-based learning
Project-based learning also emphasizes complex
tasks based on challenging questions or problems, Determination of fundamental questions
involves students in design activities, solving problems, The first stage begins with essential questions,
making decisions, or carrying out investigations namely questions that can arouse students' interest in
provides opportunities for students to work the topic being studied and in turn influence the project
independently for long periods, and culminates in in assignments that must be completed. To help students
producing a product. Project learning is also authentic think critically, this question will approach real-world
learning because it involves real projects and provides a problems with existing realities. Teachers try to make
productive learning experience. There are several stages the subjects discussed relevant to students.
in project-based learning which will be explained
through the mapping figure 2. The explanation of the Develop project planning
steps is as follows: The second step involves planning, which is done
jointly by the teacher and students. As a result, students
will feel proud of the assignments they will complete.
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Plan components include selecting activities, game rules, important activities. In other words, the teacher
and items that can help answer important problems by functions as a monitor of student activities.
combining various topics that have been discussed, as
well as selecting tools and resources that can be used in Test result
the process of completing the project. Teachers complete an evaluation process to
determine how much learning has been achieved,
Arrange a schedule whether learning activities were successful or not, and
Making a schedule carried out jointly by teachers provide feedback on the level of understanding to
and students is the third stage. The teacher and students develop future learning strategies.
create a timeline for completing the project as one of the
activities in this step: The project completion date is set Experience Evaluation
by the teacher and students; The teacher instructs the Event assessment is the final step of the activity.
class to develop a new strategy; Instructors often lead Reflecting on the ultimate learning process are teachers
classes; The teacher asks that students justify their and students. Project activities and outcomes are the
decisions. subject of this reflection. Students will be invited to
discuss and share their feelings and experiences during
Monitoring this reflection process, which can be done individually
Teachers should monitor the progress of students' or in groups. The instructor and students will discuss
project work. The teacher carries out this monitoring by ways to improve performance so that the project-based
helping and directing students through each step of learning process ends with fresh information that
doing the assignment. To simplify the monitoring resolves the issues raised in the first stage.
process, a Rubik was developed which can record all

Table 3. ChatGPT in Learning

Source ChatGPT in Learning (ChatGPT Strategy in Learning)
(Meron & Tekmen Araci, 2023) Treat ChatGPT as a learning partner
(Van Wyk et al., 2023) Use ChatGPT to increase confidence
(Oktaria et al., 2023); (Iswahyudi et al., 2023); (Halaweh, Request ChatGPT to provide supportive feedback
2023)

We believe that teachers can use ChatGPT to students and breaking down complex problems into
increase their students' learning motivation and truly smaller challenges or tasks. For example, suppose
prevent cheating. Here are three strategies for doing so: students are asked to try to design a hypothetical vehicle
that can use gasoline more efficiently than traditional
Treat ChatGPT as a learning partner cars.
Treating ChatGPT as a learning partner can help Students who are struggling with the project - and
teachers shift the focus among their students from may be prone to cheating - can use ChatGPT to break
competition and assessment to collaboration and down larger problems into smaller tasks. ChatGPT can
mastery. For example, a science teacher might assign advise them to first develop an overall concept for the
students to work with ChatGPT to design a hydroponic vehicle before determining the size and weight of the
vegetable garden. In this scenario, students can engage vehicle and deciding what type of fuel to use. Teachers
with ChatGPT to discuss vegetable growing can also ask students to compare the steps suggested by
requirements, brainstorm design ideas for a hydroponic ChatGPT with the steps recommended by other sources.
system, and analyze the pros and cons of the design.
These activities are designed to encourage content Request ChatGPT to provide supportive feedback
mastery because they focus on the learning process, not ChatGPT can be directed to provide feedback using
just the final grade. positive, empathetic, and encouraging language. For
example, if a student solves a math problem incorrectly,
Use ChatGPT to increase confidence instead of simply telling the student “You are wrong and
When students feel confident that they can the correct answer is…”, ChatGPT can start a
successfully do the assignments given to them, they are conversation with the student. Here is a real response
less likely to cheat. An important way to increase generated by ChatGPT: “Your answer is not correct, but
students' self-confidence is to give them opportunities to it is very normal to encounter the occasional error or
experience success. ChatGPT can facilitate that misconception along the way. Don't be discouraged by
experience by offering individualized support to
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Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Desember 2023, Volume 9 (Special Issue), 150-158

these minor setbacks; you are on the right track! I'm here ChatGPT will continue to develop and its
to support you and answer any questions you may have. weaknesses will continue to be refined. For example,
This will help students feel supported and understood, currently, ChatGPT is not yet capable of in-text
as well as receive feedback for improvement. Teachers referencing, however, OpenAI has designed a WebGPT
can easily show students how to direct ChatGPT to prototype, and other experiments have also been carried
provide that feedback. We believe that when teachers out to link chatbots to reference citation tools. Tools like
use ChatGPT and other AI chatbots wisely - and also ChatGPT will soon become a natural part of the writing
encourage students to use these tools responsibly in process, just as calculators and computers have become
their schoolwork - students have an incentive to learn part of mathematics and science, statistical and
more and cheat less. Apart from that, apart from the econometric software in data processing and testing, or
problem of plagiarism which is the biggest issue in using AI like Grammarly in improving writing spelling and
ChatGPT currently, ChatGPT can help a lot with grammar.
research activities in the future.

Table 4. Integration of GPT Chat with Project Based-learning in learning

Source Integration of GPT Chat with Project Based-learning in
learning (GPT Chat with Project Based-learning in learning)
(Widarbowo et al., 2023) Helping Students with Personalized Learning
(Cotton et al., 2023) Answering Student Questions Instantly
(Abbas et al., 2022) Increasing Student Engagement
(Baskara, 2023) Supporting Teachers in Managing Classes
(Tlili et al., 2023) More Interactive Learning

The evolution of technology in education has Increasing Student Engagement

opened new doors for innovative teaching methods. With GPT Chat as a learning assistant, student
One such breakthrough tool is ChatGPT, a large involvement in the learning process can increase.
language model developed by OpenAI. This has great Students can interact with GPT Chat through questions,
potential not only to improve efficiency but also to discussions, or even learning games. This will provide a
improve pedagogy for a more engaging learning more interactive and fun experience for students, so they
experience. Explore how ChatGPT can empower are more motivated to learn.
teachers to foster creativity, critical thinking, student-
centered learning, and project-based learning (PBL) Supporting Teachers in Managing Classes
activities. Also consider the ethical use of ChatGPT, Utilizing GPT Chat as a learning assistant can also
emphasizing its role in facilitating deeper learning help teachers manage the class more effectively. GPT
rather than replacing critical thinking or simply Chat can help answer student questions, provide
increasing efficiency. By integrating Chat GPT with additional reading material, or provide advice regarding
Project Learning in Biology learning, you can: assignments. With this learning assistant, teachers can
focus on accompanying and guiding students
Helping Students with Personalized Learning individually, thereby improving the quality of teacher-
So that each student will receive personal support student interactions.
in the learning process. Students can ask questions to
GPT Chat, which will provide relevant responses and More Interactive Learning
help students understand the course material better. In classrooms that integrate Chat GPT as a learning
This will allow for a more adaptive and individualized assistant, learning will become more interactive.
learning experience. Students can participate in conversations with GPT
Chat, solve problems together, and collaborate on group
Answering Student Questions Instantly assignments. This will help develop students'
One of the main benefits of using GPT Chat as a communication and collaboration skills, as well as create
learning assistant is its ability to answer student an inclusive learning environment. Teachers' teaching
questions instantly. Students don't have to wait their methods in teaching biology that are not good will affect
turn to get answers from the teacher, instead, they can student learning. For example, teachers teach only using
quickly ask for help from GPT Chat to clarify difficult the lecture method, which causes students to get bored,
concepts or get additional explanations. This will help sleepy, and passive and only take notes on the material
improve learning efficiency in the classroom. explained by the teacher. Processive teachers dare to try
new methods, which can help improve teaching and
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Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Desember 2023, Volume 9 (Special Issue), 150-158

learning activities and increase students' motivation to Barlian, Y. A., Nurbani, S., & Wijayanto, P. W. (2022).
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Author Contribution
H., Wong, S. L., Yu, F.-Y., Mason, J., Liu, C.-C., Shih,
Conceptualization, I. P., R. A., S., E. M., N. W. P.; methodology,
I.P; validation, R. A. and. S; formal analysis, E. M.;
J.-L., Wu, Y.-T., Kong, S.-C., Wu, L., Chien, T.-C.,
investigation, N. W. P., and I. P.; resources, R. A. and S; data Liao, C. C. Y., Cheng, H., Chen, Z.-H., & Chou, C.-
curation, E. M.: writing—original draft preparation., N. W. P.; Y. (2019). IDC theory: Creation and the creation
I. P. and R. A.; writing—review and editing, S..: visualization, loop. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced
E. M and N. W. P. All authors have read and approved the Learning, 14(1), 26.
published version of the manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0120-5
Code, J. (2020). Agency for Learning: Intention,
Funding
Motivation, Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation.
This research was independently funded by researchers.
Frontiers in Education, 5, 19.
Conflicts of Interest https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00019
The authors declare no conflict of interest. Coman, C., Țîru, L. G., Meseșan-Schmitz, L., Stanciu, C.,
& Bularca, M. C. (2020). Online Teaching and
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