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Probability Problem Sheet

probability

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37 views

Probability Problem Sheet

probability

Uploaded by

seemanth83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Probability Problem Sheet 1. LetX be a discrete random variable with the following PMF: 1 whenX = 02 0.2 whenX =04 0.2 whenX =05 0.3 whenX =08 0.2 whenX =1 0 otherwise POX) = a. Find the range of the random variable X b. Find P(X < 0.5) c. Find P(0.25 < X < 0.75) 4, Find POX = 0.21% < 0.6) 2. roll two dice and observe two numbers X and. ‘a, Find range and PMFs of X and Y b. Find P(X = 2,Y = 6) Find POX > 81¥ = 2) 4, LetZ=X-+Y. Find the range and PMF of 2 fe. Find PX = 412 = 8) 3. roll fair die repeatedly until a number larger than 4 is observed. If Nis the total number of times that | roll the die, find P(N = k), for k= 1,2,3,, 4. Youtake an exam that contains 20 multiple choice questions, Each question has 4 possible options You know the answer to 10 questions, but you have no dea about the other 10 questions, so you choose answers randomly. Your score X on the exam isthe total number of correct answers. Find the PME of X. What is P(X > 15)? tne number ot customers arriving ata grocery store 1s a Poisson random vanable, Un average 10 customers arrive per hour. Let X be the number of customers arriving from 10 am to 11:30 am. What is P(10 < X < 15)? 6. LetX be a discrete random variable with the fellowing PMF: 0.25 whenX 0.125 whenX =—1 p(x) = 10425 when xX =0 0.25 whenX 0.25 whenX 0 otherwise | define a new random variable Yas ¥ = (X +1)? ‘a. Find the range of the random variable Y b. Find the PMF of ¥. 10. u, Let X be the number of the cars being repaired ata repair shop. We have the following information: ‘a, At any time, there are at most 3 cars being repaired. The probability of having 2 cars at the shop is the same as the probability of having one car, The probability of having no car at the shop is the same as the probability of having 3 cars. ‘The probability of having 1 or 2 cars is half of the probability of having 0 or 3 cars. 50 students live in a dormitory. The parking lot has the capacity for 30 cars. If each student has @ car with probability 0.5 (independent from other students), what is the probability that there won't be enough parking spaces forall the cars? Suppose you take a pass-fal test repeatedly. Let 5; be the event that you are successful in your 1" try, and Fi, be the event that you fail the test in your k" try. On your first try, you have @ 50% chance of passing the test. Py) = 1 PER) =4 Assume that you tak the test more often, your chance of fling the test goes down. In particular, PU) = 5 PUFg-for k= 234, However, the result diferent exams are independent. Suppose you take the test repeatedly unt vou pass the test forthe frst time. Let X be the total number of tess you take, so possible values OFX ar6 1,234 a. Find POX = 1), P(X = 2),P(X = 3) b. Find a general formula for P(X = k) for k = 1,2.3, Find the probability that you take the test more than 2 times 4. Given that you take the test more than once find the probability that you take the test exactly twice. ‘An urn consists of 20 red balls and 30 green balls. We choose 10 balls at random from the urn. The ‘sampling is done without replacement (repetition not allowed) ‘a, Whats the probability that there will be exactly 4 red balls among the chosen balls? b. Given that there are at least 3 red balls among the chosen balls, what is the probability that there are exactly 4 red balls? The number of emails that | get in a weekday (Monday through Friday) can be modelled by 2 Poisson distribution with an average of fernails per minule. The number of ernails that [receive on weekends (Saturday and Sunday) can be modelled by a Poisson distribution with an average of 2 emais per minute ‘What is the probability that | get no eras in an interval of length 4 hours on a Sunday? ‘A random day is chosen (all days of the week are equally likely to be selected), and a random interval of length one hour is elected on the chosen day It is observed that | did net receive any emails in that Interval. What is the probability that the chosen day is a weekday? 12, There are 1000 households in a town. Specifically, there are 100 households with one member, 200 households with 2 members, 300 households with 3 members, 200 households with 4 ‘members, 100 households with 5 members, and 100 households with 6 members. Thus, the total ‘number of people living in the town is: N = 100. (1) + 200.(2) + 300. (3) + 200. (4) + 100.(5) + 100. (6) = 3300 18. We pick @ household at random, anc define the random variable X as the number of people in the chosen household. Find the PMF and the expected value of X. b. We picka person in the town at random, and define the random variable Y as the number, the PMF and the expected of people in the household where the chosen person lives. value of Y. 13. You are offered to play the following game. You roll fair die once and observe the result which is. shown by the random variable X. At this point, you can stop the game and win X dollars. You can also choose to roll the die for the second time to observe the value ¥, In this case, you will win ¥ dollars. Let W be the value that you win in this game. What strategy do you use to maximize E(W)? What is the maximum E(W) you can achieve using your strategy? 14, Let x be a random variable with PDF given by ae? fixi2) 415, Let X be a random variable with PDF given by 2 2 (2x43) FG) k (2x +3) ifO 21Y <1) 3-2 17, Dogberry's alarm clock is battery operated. The battery could fail with equal probability at any time of the day or night. Every day Dogberry sets his alarm for 6:30 a.m. and goes to bed at 10:00 p.m. Find the probability that when the clock battery finally dies, it will do so at the most inconvenient time, between 10:00 p.m. and 6:30 a.m. 18, Buses running a bus line near Desdemona’s house run every 15 minutes. Without paying attention to the schedule, she walks to the nearest stop to take the bus to town. Find the probability that she waits more than 10 minutes. 19, The amount X of beverage in a can labelled 12 ounces is normally distributed with mean 12.1 ounces and standard deviation 0.05 ounce. A can is selected at random. ‘a. Find the probability that the can contains at least 12 ounces. b. Find the probability that the can contains between 11.9 and 12.1 ounces. 20. The systolic blood pressure X of adults in a region is normally distributed with mean 112 mm Hg and standard deviation 15 mm Hg. A person is considered “prehypertensive” if his systolic blood pressure is between 120 and 130 mm Hg. Find the probability that the blood pressure of @ randomly selected person is prehypertensive. 21. The useful life of @ particular make and type of automotive tire is normally distributed with mean 57,500 miles and standard deviation 950 miles. a. Find the probability that such a tire will have a useful life of between 57,000 and 58,000 miles. b. Hamlet buys four such tires. Assuming that their lifetimes are independent, find the probability that all four will last between 57,000 and 58,000 miles. (Ifso, the best tire will have no more than 1,000 miles left onit when the first tire fails.) Hint: There is a binomial random variable here, whose value of p comes from part (a).. 22, Amachine produces large fasteners whose length must be within 0.5 inch of 22 inches. The lengths are normally distributed with mean 22.0 inches and standard deviation 0.17 inch. a, Find the probability that a randomly selected fastener produced by the machine will have an acceptable length. b. The machine produces 20 fasteners per hour. The length of each one is inspected, ‘Assuming lengths of fasteners are independent, find the probability that all 20 will have acceptable length. Hint: There isa binomial random variable here, whose value of p comes from part (a) 23, The lengths of time taken by students on an algebra proficiency exam (if not forced to stop before completing it) are normally distributed with mean 28 minutes and standard deviation 1.5 minutes. 1a. Find the proportion of students who will finish the exam if a 30-minute time limit is set bh. Six-students are taking the exam today Find the prnhability that all

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