Build your robot

INTRODUCTION
mBot2 is an entry-level robot based on STEAM. STEAM stands for Science,
Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics.
It has a microcontroller which is capable to store 8 programs on device.
The robot has two encoder motors to move robot in any direction. The robot is
capable to carry out operations like line follower, obstacle avoider, color
detection, light sensing and many more.

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CYBERPI DEVICE
Rich colour screen to display data, images and other information.

▶ Multiple built-in sensors give great capabilities to the microcontroller to

explore different topics.
▶ Integrated memory and Operating System allows to store and manage up to
8 programs in the controller.

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mBOT2 SHIELD
mBot2 Shield is equipped with a built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery that
can supply power for CyberPi. With the multi-function, servo, and motor ports, it
can drive motors, servos, and LED strips.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses sound waves with frequencies higher
than the human hearing range to detect objects and measure distances. It
consists of a transmitter and a receiver.
The transmitter emits high-frequency
sound waves, typically in the ultrasonic
range (above 20 kHz).
Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used
in applications such as distance
measurement, object detection, and
proximity sensing. They are employed in various fields, including robotics,
industrial automation, automotive, and security systems.

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An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses sound waves with frequencies higher
than the human hearing range to detect objects and measure distances. It
consists of a transmitter and a receiver.The transmitter emits high-frequency
sound waves, typically in the ultrasonic range (above 20 kHz). Ultrasonic sensors
are commonly used in applications such as distance measurement, object
detection, and proximity sensing. They are employed in various fields, including
robotics, industrial automation, automotive, and security systems.

ENCODER MOTOR
The photoelectric encoder motor 180 RPM is equipped with an optical encoder
that enables high-accuracy control. With two M4 threaded holes on each of the
three sides, it can be easily connected to Makeblock mechanical parts and thus
can be used flexibly in combination with various other parts.

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QUAD RGB SENSOR
Quad RGB Sensor uses visible light as fill lights, which significantly reduce the
interference of ambient light. In addition, it provides the function for
recognizing colors. The new ambient light calibration function also reduces the
interference of the ambient light in line following. With four light sensors, it can
support more programming scenarios.

PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
mBlock, the powerfull coding platform

▶ The coding platform for mBot2.

▶ Available for PC, Tablet and Browser.
▶ Compatible with Windows, MacOS, Linux, and
Chromebook*.
▶ Teachers can re,otely manage their activities in mBlock with Google
classroom
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×1

×2

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Place the mbot shield as shown below

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 Introduction to coding app

WHAT IS CODING
In simple terms, coding means to write
code or a set of instructions which guides
your computer or any electronic device to
perform a task. A coder is someone who
translates a human language into well-
defined and compilable texts.

INSTALLING MBLOCK APP

▶ Goto: https://www.mblock.cc/en/download/
▶ Click on Download for Windows if you have a windows laptop or if you have
a Mac click on download for mac.
▶ Install it to your computer

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SO LET’S START

Click the icon on the computer desktop to open the mBlock software.

When you open this software following window will open

This is your user interface window. Now this software is divided into many sub
areas. Let us see which are they.

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 Select language, open new file or save file, find example programs or help
documents, etc.

Menu bar

Stage Area
Script Area
Presenting area,select spritesand
backgrounds, as well as selecting Programming area. Structure blocks to make up
and connecting hardware. the program which controls the spritestage or
hardware. Select your programming language in
the top right.

Block Area
Providing blocks for programmingand the
detailed commands. Blocks are organizedby
classification and color.

STAGE AREA
▶ In Stage area you can see the output of your program
▶ Stage area is basically gives information about your
sprite.
▶ You can add multiple devices.
▶ If you want to Run or Stop your program you can use
Start and Stop button present in the Stage Area

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HOW TO ADD NEW DEVICE IN PROGRAM
Step 1 : Click on the “+” button present in the Stage Area.
Step 2 : Device will open, now you can select any Device out of them
Step 3 : Click on “OK”

BLOCK AREA
▶ In Block area you can see different block which can
be used to make program
▶ Each Block contains some commands using which
we can make a program
▶ We use script area to write a program with the help
of blocks
▶ To write a program just drag a command from
block area and drop it into script area.
▶ For that first we need to understand meaning of
each and every command present in the block
▶ So let’s start!

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EVENT BLOCK
▶ Events block have all the statements from where you can begin your
program
▶ In simple words to start the program Event id required
▶ For example, if this event happened then start running my program
▶ We have different Event commands present in Event block

Event Meaning
When green flag present in stage Area is clicked then start
executing my program

When “space” key from keyboard is pressed then start

Executing my program.(You can use any keyboard key to
start the program)

When the device starts

MOTION BLOCK
As name says to control the motion of the Sprite we can use commands
from this block

Command Meaning
Used to move sprite 10 steps in the direction sprite is facing.

Used to Rotate sprite 15 degrees in clockwise direction. You

can change the degrees by editing the number

Used to Rotate sprite 15 degrees in An�-clockwise

direc�on. You can change the degrees by edi�ng the
number

If you use this command Sprite will go to any random

position on the output window

To send sprite to specific x and y position

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ACTIVITY TIME
Explore all the blocks present in mBlock and try to Experiment each one of
them

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 Automatic Street light App

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ When CyberPi starts, the screen shows light intensity value based on
brightness level of surrounding.
▶ When the on board button A is pressed, the robot starts working as an
automatic street light.
▶ In an automatic street light, if the light intensity is low then the robot blinks
the LED light and if the light intensity is high then the LEDs are off.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software.

Go to Devices tab and click on the
add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now, let us write the program for automatic street light

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 My First App

Let’s begin with mBlock Programming

MBLOCK- SCRATCH BASED SOFTWARE

▶ Based on MIT’s scratch for STEAM education

▶ Drag and Drop type of coding makes programming as easy as building
blocks
▶ Different Blocks with different functions
▶ You can create stories, games, animations, shapes, control your robot ,etc

▶ Download link:
https: //mblock.makeblock.com/en-us/download/

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 Let us watch the video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ It’s a application where we can calculate the simple interest.
▶ There are buttons to enter the amount of principal, rate and time.
▶ As we put all the values, it gives us the amount of interest.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM IN MBLOCK

Step 1: Click on the sprite tab, click on add sprite, go to icons and select empty
button 14

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Step 2: Go to the costumes and edit “click here” text on button.

Step 3: Duplicate button sprite and change its color

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 Step 4: Add next button sprite edit “next” to “calculate”. Also Add progress
sprite.

Step 5: Select background tab and edit background as shown below.

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Step 6: Place all the sprites in a position shown below.

Step 7: Make the following variables

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 Step 8: Program for first button.

Step 9: Program for second button.

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Step 10: Program for third button.

Step 11: Program for progressing bar.

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 Bot Navigation

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ The robot is performing different actions on button pressed
▶ When button A is pressed, robot spins for 4 seconds
▶ When button B pressed, robot moves in a square path
▶ In this program mBot will move in different shapes like square, hexagon,
circle,etc

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software.

Go to Devices tab and click on the
add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now let's write the program for Bot Navigation

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 Introduction to Inspire Arena

INTRODUCTION
MakeX Inspire is a single-mission competition program for aged 6 to 12

Each Team shall complete one mission. The complete method is unlimited, and
teams can complete by using the automatic program or manually by using the
bluetooth controller.

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 PROP INTRODUCTION

Transport cube located in storage center, a square with 50mm sides, 5 in each
layer arranged in a “+”, for a total of 10 transport cubes in two layer

MISSION INTRODUCTION

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SIZE REQUIREMENTS

During the competition, the robot shall meet the following requirement:
Size: The maximum extension size of robot shall not exceed
250mm* 200mm* 200mm
Weight: No more than 2kg included battery
Maximum total amount of motor & servo motor : 5

PENALTY

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 Bot Navigation on Arena

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ When the robot is placed on the arena, it moves in a particular direction
▶ Robot picks up the transport cube from the start point and places it in the
destination point

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now let's write the program to move mBot on the arena

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 Obstacle avoider robot

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is able to detect the obstacle and then takes turn to
avoid it.
▶ Ultrasonic sensor is helping the robot to detect the object. Robot is changing
the direction to avoid the obstacle.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software.

Go to Devices tab and click on the
add button.

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 Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Program for mbot to detect an obstacle and respond with message on
LED and display color.

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QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used to measure:
A) Visible light intensity
B) Temperature
C) Distance
D) Radio frequency signals

Question 2:
How does an ultrasonic sensor determine the distance to an object?
A) By emitting and receiving sound waves
B) By emitting and receiving radio waves
C) By emitting and receiving visible light waves
D) By emitting and receiving magnetic waves

Question 3:
Which property of an object affects the accuracy of distance measurement
using ultrasonic sensors?
A) Color of the object
B) Transparency of the object
C) Material and surface finish of the object
D) Object's weight

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Question 4:
Ultrasonic sensors are commonly found in applications such as:
A) Cooking appliances
B) Entertainment systems
C) Automotive parking assistance
D) Hairdryers

Question 5:
What is the "echo time" in ultrasonic distance measurement?
A) The time taken for sound to travel from the sensor to the object
B) The time taken for light to travel from the sensor to the object
C) The time taken for radio waves to travel from the sensor to the object
D) The time taken for magnetic waves to travel from the sensor to the object

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 Line Follower Robot

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see mBot is able to follow black colour line.
▶ The robot is detecting black colour line printed on white paper and following
it.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now lets write the program to follow the black line.

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 Color detection - 1

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is able to detect different colours using colour
sensor.
▶ When mbot detects the color, it is displaying the color name on the screen
and on the LEDs.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software.

Go to Devices tab and click on the
add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now let's write the program for colour detection robot

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 Line Follower Robot with
obstacle avoidance
Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is following the black colour line and whenever
obstacle or object is detected, robot stops immediately.
▶ The robot has ultrasonic sensor attached, which helps the robot to detect
obstacle.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software.

Go to Devices tab and click on the
add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now lets write the program to follow the line and stop whenever an ob-
stacle is detected.

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Step 6: When mbot2 detects the object, it will stop moving.

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 Bot navigation with controller

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ In this program the robot will be controlled using Controller
▶ Students will program mBot2 and Bluetooth so that it could be controlled
wirelessly .

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now let’s write the program to control mBot2 with a controller.

You can either code it with the joys�ck or with

the bu�ons you can code it.

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 Surveying Robot

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ The robots observes the arena and transport cubes
▶ mBot2 uses light sensors to survey the area
▶ mBot tries to develop the logic for moving the transport cubes from the start
point to the warehouse area.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now let’s write the program for surveying robot

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 Robotic Arm

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is Able to Pick the objects using the arm.
▶ The robot has Servo motor which can be used with mechanical parts to carry
the object.
Note: Refer to the manual Given for the assembly

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now lets write the program for robotic arm.

Note:- Change the distance and servo angle according to the situation
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 Robotic carrier

Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ The robots works like a dump truck which can carry and drop objects.
▶ Also we can mbot is moving with the help of bluetooth controller joystick.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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 Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now let’s write the program for robotic carrier

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 Pick and Place robot using
object detection
Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is Able to Pick the objects using the arm and
detecting the object using ultrasonic sensor.
▶ The robot has Servo motor which can be used with mechanical parts to carry
the object.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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 Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now lets write the program for pick and place using object detection

Note:-

1. Change the distance and servo angle according to the object it has to hold otherwise it could damage the servo.

2. Ultrasonic sensor is able to detect the object then picks up the object

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 Pick and Place robot using
color detection
Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is able to detect the Color and then pick and place
the object .
▶ Quad RGB sensor is helping the robot to detect the object we use encoder
motor pick and place object

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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 Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Program for mbot to detect a color and respond with message on LED
and display color and then pick up the object.

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 Rules & guidelines

RULES EXPLANATION

In order to ensure fair competition and a high-quality competition experience,

MakeX Robotics Competition Committee has the right to update and
complement this Rules Guide regularly, and issue and implement the latest
version before the competiti. During the competition, all matters not stated in
the Rules Guide shall be decided by the referee team.This Rules Guide is the
basis for refereeing, and the referee team has the right to adjudicate during the
competition

MISSIONS INTRODUCTION AND SCORING STATE JUDGEMENT

In a single competition, each team shall completes one mission. The completed
method is unlimited, teams can complete by using the automatic program or
manually by using a Bluetooth controller. Mission background: As science and
technology are constantly changing our lives, a large amount of human labour
is being replaced by machines. The appropriate and efficient use of machines
can improve the efficiency of logistics and transportation.Robots need to take
out transport cubes from Storage Center and place them in any warehouse
area on the map. Mission target: Robot is required to move the yellow cubes to
the warehouse area. Starting Condition: 10 Transport cubes are located in the
storage center with 2 layers, each layer have 5 cubes, placing as a “cross”.

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Mission Score: Each successful removal of one yellow cube counts for 50
points.
Scoring Judging: During the scoring time after the competition
1. The yellow cube completely covers the warehouse area, has direct contact
with the arena and does not contact the robot directly.
2. The yellow cube only contacts the other yellow cube that completely covers
the warehouse area directly and does not contact the robot directly.
3. Each warehouse has a maximum of 2 valid cubes.
If above conditions are satisfied, the corresponding cube is valid.

SCORING EXPLANATION
After each match, the referee calculates the scoring according to the status of
props at the scoring time.
Maximum scores= 50*10=500

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 ROBOT MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
T01. Each team can use only one robot for inspection. After inspection, the team
can only use the inspected robot for the match. The team should not replace
the robot or use a robot which is not inspected. T02. During the single match,
the size of the robot should not exceed the size of: length of 250mm, width of
200mm, and height of 200mm. The diameter of the wheel (including the
rubber tires) should not exceed 70mm. A. Size of the robot is defined at the
maximum extension state. Robots should be inspected when all moveable
structures are in an extreme state. B. When robot is at extreme state, any
structure should not exceed the size of length 250mm, width 200mm, height
200mm

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T03. During the single match, robot weight should not exceed 2kg, including
weight of battery. T04. Teams can use self-made mechanical part, for example
parts that made by 3D printing or laser cutting. Teams must not use
commercial structures with mature design, including but not limit to multi-
DOP robotic arms or hands.

ROBOT ELECTRONIC REQUIREMENTS

T05. To ensure the fairness of competition and prevent teams from using high
performance devices, teams should use devices with performance under the
following given specification:

Device Type Parts Name Specs Remark

Processor:

Xtensa® 32-bit LX6 dual-core

Clock frequency:240 MHz

Onboard memory:

ROM:448 KB

SRAM:520 KB During the whole

compe��on, each team is
Extended memory: only allowed to use the
same mainboard. For any
SPI Flash:8 MB
Mainboard & special case, need applies
Extension Board ESP32-WROVER-B PSRAM:8 MB to the referee.

View angle: 65.0 degrees

Valid focus: 4.65±5% mm

Types and quan��es are

Refresh rate: 60fps not limited. Robots are
Working distance: Best in 0.25-1.2m prohibited from using any
sensors that can interfere
Sensor Vision Sensor Power Source: 3.7V lithium
withba�ery
the sensory

or 5V mBuild Power module

capabili�es of other
Power range: 0.9-1.3W robots.

Voltage: DC 5V

Working distance: 5-300cm

Ultrasonic Senor Error: ±5%

Voltage: DC 5V

Line Follower Working height: 5mm-15mm

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 180 Op�cal Encoder Motor Voltage: Must not modify any

12V motor or servo internal

Zero Load RPM: 350RPM±5% mechanical and electrical

Encoder Motor Gear Ra�o: 39: 6 design. Maximum total

amount 5. (Encoder
MS-1.5 A Servo

Motor & Servo Voltage: 4.8-6V DC Motor andMS-1.5 A

Motor Servo Torque: 1.5kg/CM Servo)

Frequency: 2402~2480MHz

Bluetooth Antenna Gain: 1.5dBi

Controller Working Current: 15mA

Must not connect with

Bluetooth Version: BT4.0
any device other than
Frequency: 2402~2480MHz

Antenna Gain: 1.5dBi Official Bluetooth

Power: ≤4dBm Controller. Including but

Wireless not limited to manually
Communica�on Bluetooth Module Working Current: 15mA trigger sensor.

Must not be modified.

Team should be
Configura�on: 3.7V 2500mAh responsible for any
accidents for the
Ba�ery 18650 Ba�ery Output: 5V 6A modifica�on.

Robots should comply with technical requirements. Any violation will be

disqualified from the competition and the team must modify the robot until
match the requirements.

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 Line Follower Robot with
obstacle avoidance
Let us watch this video

What did we see?

OBSERVATIONS
▶ As we can see, the robot is following the black colour line and whenever
obstacle or object is detected, robot stops immediately.
▶ The robot has ultrasonic sensor attached, which helps the robot to detect
obstacle.

STEPS TO MAKE A PROGRAM

Step 1: Open mBlock Software. Go to Devices tab and click on the add button.

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Step 2: Select CyberPi as a device to program it.

Step 3: Now, click on the extension and add following extensions one by one

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Step 4: Connect mBot with PC using an uploading cable

Step 5: Now lets write the program to follow the line.

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 Step 6: When mbot2 detects the object, it will stop moving.

Extra Practice materials. Click on the links

1. Mbot2 Getting started Activities

2. Video to see different structural
modifications - timeline: 0.47secs, 1.52s

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