APPLE -1 OPERATION MANUAL APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY Welch Road Palo Alto, Calif. 94304SPECIFICATIONS MICROPROCESSOR: Microprocessor Clock Frequency: Effective Cycle Frequency: (Including Refresh Waits) VIDEO OUTPUT. Line Rates Frame Rate Format: Display Memory: Character Matrixt RAM MEMORY: On-board RAM Capacity: POWER SUPPLIES: Input Power Requirements: Recommended Transformers: MOS TECHNOLOGY 6502 1,023 Mite 0.960 Mite Composite positive video, 75 ohms level adjustable between zero and #5Vpp. 19734 He 60.05 He 40 characters/line, 24 Lines ‘with automatic serolling Dynamic shift registers (1K x 7) 5x? 16-pin, 4K Dynamic, type 4096 (2104) BK bytes (4K auppltea) Volts @ amps, 4/- 12 Volts @0.5 amps, and -5 Volts € 0.5 amps 8 to 10 Volts AC (RMS) @ 3 amps, 26 to 28 Volts AC (RMS) Genter-Tapped, 1A. Stancor # P-8360 or Triad F21-X Stancor # P-8667 or Triad F40-X APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY 770 Welch Road, Suite 154 Palo Alto, California 94304 Phone! (415) 326-4248INTRODUCTION ‘The Apple Computer is a complete micro- processor eystem, consisting of « Mos Technology 6502 microprocessor and support hardware, in= tegral video display electronics, dynamic memory fand refresh hardware, and fully regulated power supplies. It contains resident system monitor Software, enabling the ser, via the keyboard and display, to write, examine, debug, and run programe efficiently; thus being an educational tool for the learning of microprocessor program= ming, and an aid in the development of software, ‘The integral video display section and the keyboard interface renders unnecessary the need for an external teletype. The display section con- taing its own memory, leaving all of RAM for user programs, and the output format is 40 characters/ Hine, 24 lines/page, with auto scrolling, Almost any ASCII encoded keyboard will interface directly ‘with the Apple system. The board lias sockets for upto 8K bytes of the 16 pin, 4K type, RAM, and the system is fully expandable to 65K vin the edge connector. The system uses dynamic memory (4K bytes #up~ plied), although static memory may also be used, AU refreshing of dysamie memory, including all Noff~board" expansion memory, is done auto- nuatically. The entire system timing, including the microprocessor clock and all video signals, originates in a single crystal oscillator, Further, the printed cireutt board contains a “breadboard area", in which the user can add additional "on-board" hardware (for example, extra PA's, AGIA's, EROM's, and 40 00). ‘This manual is divided into three Sections: Section I GETTING THE SYSTEM RUNNING. Section I USING THE SYSTEM MONITOR, (isting included) Section IIl EXPANDING THE SYSTEM. Please readSection I thoroughly, before at~ tempting to "power-up" your system, and study Section I carefully before attempting to expand your ayatem. In addition to this mansal, Apple "Pech Notes’ are available which contain exam= ples of expansion hardware and techniques. SECTION T GETTING THE SYSTEM RUNNING ‘The Apple Computer is fully assembled, tested, and burned in, The only external devices necessary for operation of the system aret An ASCII encoded keyboard, a video display monitor, and AC power sources of 8 to 10 Volts (RMS) @3 ‘amps and 28Volts (RMS) Clamp, The following three articles describe the attachment of theae devices in detail. ‘Any ASCIlencoded keyboard, with positive DATA outputs, interfaces directly with the Apple system via a "DIP" connector. If your keyboard haa negative logic DATA outputs (rare), you can install inverters (7404) in the breadboard area. ‘The strobe can be elther positive or negative, of long oF short duration, The "DIP" keyboard con= pector (B4) has inputs for seven DATA lines, one 26 3 4, FROM 86 To KE KEYBOARD CONNECTOR 87 87 (84) STROBE line, and two normally-open pushbutton switches, used for RESET (enter monitor), and CLEAR SCREEN (see schematic diagram, sheet 3 of 3, for exact cireuitry), This keyboard con nector also supplies three voltages, (#5V, H2V, and~12¥) of which one or more may be necessazy to operate the keyboard, Pin 15 of the keyboard connector (B4) must be tied to 45V (pin 16) for ‘normal operation. NOTE: The system monitor accepts only upper cage alpha (A-F, 2) It is therefore conventent, though it's not essential, tohave a keyboard equipped with upper= ease alpna lock (usually is the electronics). Either of the following suggested clreuite may be used to provide alpha lock capability, if needed, and can be built in the breadboard area. ToKeD FROM fe, conNecToR oc (ea) 87Display: ‘The Apple Compater outputs a composite video signal (composite of ayne and video infor mation) which can be applied to any standard raster-scan type video display monitor. The out~ pat level is adjustable with the potentiometer Iocated near the video output Molex connector, J2 ‘The additional two outeide pins on the Molex © nector supply andH2 volts, to be used In future Apple accessories. The composite video signal ‘can also be modulated at the proper RF frequency, withan inexpensive commercially available device | and applied fo the antenna terminal of a home television receiver. Since the character format is 10 characters /Iine, all television receivers will have the necessary bandwidth to display the entire 40 characters, Two large manufacturers of video display monitors, which connect directly with the Apple Computer, are Motorola and Ball. ‘The mating four-pin Molex connector is provided. AG Power Sources: Two incoming AC power sources are re- quired for operation: 8to10 VAG (RMS) at 3 amps, and 28VAC(RMS) Genter-Tapped at Lamp. These AG supplies enter the system at the Molex con nector, J1. The 8t010 volts AC provides the raw AG for the #5 valt supply, while the 28 VOT sap plios the raw AG for the #12 and -12 volt supplic. and the ~5V supply is derived from the -12V reg~ ulated outpst. ‘The board, as supplied, than 1.5 amps DG from the 45V supply, while the regulator is capable of supplying > amps, The remaining 1.5 amps DG from the +SV supply ie available for user hardware expansion (provided gultable transformer ratings are employed). requires no more A suitable source of the raw AC voltages required, are two commercially avaslable trans formers: Stancor P/N P8380 or equivalent (8 to 10 volts at 3 amps), and Stancor P/N P-8667 or equivatent (28VCT at 1 amp). Simply wire the secondaries tothe mating ate-pin Molex connector supplied, and wire the primaries in parallel, as shown in the schematic diagram (power supply ction, Dwg.No, 00101, sheet 3 of 3, ‘TEST PROGRAM After attaching the keyboard, display, and AC power sources, you can try a simple program to test if your system and the attachments are functioning together properly. While it does not test many possible areas of the microprocessor aystom, the test program will text for the correct Attachment of the keyboard, display, and power supplies, FIRST: Hit the RESET button to enter the system monitor. A backslash shouldbe displayed, andthecursor should droptothe next line, SECOND: Type 0: AQ SU DAA D2U DEF DEF BBD 6A b4C b2 bg (RET) (Gis a zero, NOT an alpha "O"; b means blank or spice; and (RET) hit the "return" key on the keyboard) THR Type 8. A(RET) (his should print out, on the display, the program you have Just entered.) FourTH Type-R (RET) (Rimeane run the program.) THE PROGRAM SHOULD THEN PRINT OUT ON THE DISPLAY A CONTINUOUS STREAM OF ASCH CHARACTERS, TO STOP THE PRO- GRAM AND RETURN TO THE SYSTEM MONITOR, HIT THE "RESET" BUTTON, TO RUN AGAIN, TYPE: R(RET).SECTION USING THE SYSTEM MONTTOR] The Hex Monitor is a PROM program in locations FFG to F FFF (hex) which uses the key boardanddisplay to perform the front panel func Hons of examining memory, and running programe ‘The monitor program is entered by hitting (RESET), which displays backslash return. A backslash alone(curgor remains on same line as backslash) Indicates bad page 0 RAM, Commands are typed ona "linevat-antime"’ basis with editing. Each line may consist of any. number of commands (up 0128 characters). None fare executed until (RETURN) is typed. The (SHIFT-0) (backarrow) backspaces and echos an underline. The (ESC) cnacele a line and echos backslash-rerura. One or more hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F) are used for address and data values, Addresses, lise the four least significant digits of a group, and data values, the two least significant digits. The following examples illustrate the variety of ac~ ceptable commands: 1, Opening a location {examining the contents ofa USER TYPES/ 4F (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ —J94F: GF (contents of AF) a amining ablock; fromthe last examined Tocation, to a specified one USERTYPES/ .5A (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 050: 90 01 02 43 04 05 06 07 9058: 08 49 9A Note: 4F i¢ still considered the most recently opened location. Gombining examples 1 and 2 to print a block of memory in a aingle command. USER TYPES/ 4F.5A (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 950: 60 Ji dz 03 G4 05 06 07 958: 68 09 GA Note: Only the first location of the block (4F) ie considered "opened! 4. Examining seversl individual locations at USER TYPES/ MONITOR TYPES/ 4F b 52.6 56 (RET) seer: OF gase: ge 956: G6 Note: Note: 20. 56 is conside red the most recently "opened! ecation, The "b" is a blank or comma, and is a delimiter for separation purposes only. A string of delimiters has the same effect as 4 single one (bbb is as effective as b). Examining several blocks of memory at USER TYPES/ 4.52 5 56 b 58.58 (RET) aoa: OF 9950: 19 1 62 056: #6 3958: 98 99 dA MONITOR TYPES/ 581s considered themost recently"’opened” location, Refer to example 2. Examining successive blocks. USER TYPES/ 4F.52 (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ O94F: OF W956: da 01 82 USER TYPES/ 55 (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 4955: 03 04 95 USER TYPES/ .54 (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 956: 46 97 958: Ja 09 GA Depositing data in a aingle Location USER TYPES/ 30: Ag (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 030: FF (prior contents) Location 30 is considered opt contain 30. 1d and now Depositing data in ruccessive locations from that lastused ina deposit command. USER TYPES/: Alb AZ A3b Ad AS (RET) (This deposits Al in Location 31, AZ ia 32, and 80.08.) Combining examples 7 and 8 in a single command, USER TYPES/ AGB ALD AZD ASD Ag DAS (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 930: FF (prior contents of location 38) Depositing data in euecessivelocations with separate commands. USER TYPES/ MONITOR TYPES/ USER TYPES/ USER TYPES/ 30: AG b Al (RET) 4930: FF JAZ» A3 (RET) 2A€ b AS (RET) NOTE: Capital letters enclosed in parenthesis represent single keystrokes. Example: -3- (RET) means bit the "return" key.u Note: w Note: 13. A-colon in a command sneans Mstart de~ positing data from the most recently de~ posited location, or if none, then from the ‘most recently opened one. Examining a block, then depositing inte it, USER TYPES/ 30,35 (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 0034: AG AL AZ AS AG AS AG USER TYPES/ 2BO b BL» B26 BS» BS» BS (RET) New data deposited begining at most re~ cently opened location (30) Run a program at a specified address. USER TYPES/ —19F0 R (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ —10F@: A9 (contents) The cursor isleft immediately to the right of the "A" it is not retumed to the next Une. Runat the most recently examined Location. USER TYPES/ 16F@ (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 1gF0: 9 USER TYPES/ R(RET) Enter a program into memory and ran it in one line. USER TYPES/ 40: AI bd b 20 DEF DEF b 38069 0% 4C b 4d» OR (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 40: FF (prior con tents of 49) 45, 26, MONITOR TYPES/ 49: FF (prior con= tents of 49) Ap Mon Line! error correction, USER TYPES/ 40: Alb AZ b ASAKASAG b AT {(¢ata A6 will be loaded in focation 42) USER TYPES/ 40506076: AA (data AA will be loaded in location 6870) Useful routines in monitor which can be accessed by user programs. GETLINE: | location FFIF: monitor entry point Gumping to FFIF will enter monitor and echo carriage return. You can then examine memory locations with the monitor.) ECHO: Location FFE! Prints one byte (ASCH) (data from "A" (accumulator), con tents of "A" not disturbed, Example: 20 b EF 5 FF (IRS ECHO) PRBYTE: Location FFDG: prints one byte (HEX) (Gata from "A", contents of "A" di turbed.) PRHEX: Location FFES: prints one hex digit (date from four least significant bit of "AN, contents of "A" disturbed. ) NOTE: RAM iocations 9924 to 928 are used as index pointers by the monitor, when using monitor. Also, used a2 input buifer storage, and are invalid for user use, Locations 9299 to J27F are and are also invalid for luser use when using the monitor,FIG FOL FF PIS FO? FFD FFIC FFOF FFL. FFIS FFIS FIT FFIS FIA FIC FFIF FF21 FF24 FF FF29 PFIC FFOE FFM FRM FFT FFI FPR ERIE FPG FFaL PSS Fad FPA FPSO FFAB FFaD FFAF FFS1 FSS FSS FFs? FPS? PFSB FFSD FRSF FFE FEOL P66 FR6S FF6A FF6C FOE FOE FFI FFT PETZ FFM pe 58 Ag TE sc 12 De Ag AT ap 11 bg 8D 138 co DF Fy1s 6998 FO03 cs 18 oF a9 DG 20 EF FF ‘A9 8D 20 EF FF Aga 88 sre AD 11 Dg FB AD 19 Da 99.0 2 20 EF FF co 8D Dg D4 Ag TF 4900 Aa oa 55 2B cs 59 49 02 3 8 FO Da C9 AE 90 Fe FORO co BA FOEB 9 pa Fo3B 86 28 86 29 a4 24, 139 09 02 49 BG coaa 98 #6 69 88 Cora ot ga, ga oa, a3, Az Ot aA, RESET NoTcR ESCAPE GETLINE, BACKSPACE NEXTCHAR SETSTOR SETMODE BLSKIP NEXT ITEM NEXTHEX biG HEXSHIET 6592 HEX MONITOR LISTING cLD cL Ly #s7F. sty DSP. LDA #SA7. STA KBD CR STA DSP CR CMP #$DF BEQ BACKSPACE CMP #395 BEQ ESCAPE ny, BPL NEXTCHAR LDA #06 JSR ECHO, LDA #$8D JSR ECHO Lpy #$91 DEY BMI GETLINE LDA KBD CR BPL NEXTCHAR LDA KBD, STAIN, Y JSR ECHO CMP #$8D, BNE NOTCR LDY éSFF LDA #599 TAX as STA MODE Ine LDAIN, ¥ CMP #58D BEQ GETLINE CMP #$AB BGG BLSKIP BEQ SETMODE CMP #84 BEQ SETSTOR CMP #$D2 BEQ RUN STXL. STXH Sry Ysav LDA IN. FOR 4839 MP #304, BCC DIG ADE #888 cmp #5FA. BCC NOTHEX asl as ast asi Lx #594 ASL Clear decimal arithmetic mode Mask for DSP data direction register. Set it up, KBD and DSP control register mask. Enable interrupts, set CAl, CBI, for positive edge sense/output mode. Yes: Esc? Yes Advance text index ‘Auto ESC if > 127 Nt Output it. CR. Outpt it. Initlallize text index. Back up text index Beyond start of line, reinitialize. Key ready? Loop until ready, Load character. BT should be '1'. Add to text buffer, Display charact cR? No. Reset text index. For XAM mode. x Leaves $7B if setting STOR mode. $09 = XAM, $78 = STOR, $AE* BLOK XAM. Advance text index Got character, cR? Yes, done this line, Skip delimiter. Set BLOCK XAM mode, Yes, set STOR mode. RN? Yes, run user program sas, ‘and H. Save ¥ for comparison Get character for hex teat. Map digits to $0-9. Digit? Yee. Map letter "AU-"EW to SPACFF. Hex letter? No, character not hex. Hex digit to MSD of A. Shist count, Hex digit left, MSB to carry.6502 HEX MONITOR LISTING (continued) FFIS 2628 ROLL Rotate into LSD. EFIT 2629 ROL Rotate into MSD's. FFT) CA DEX Done 4 shifts? PRIA DU FS BNE HEXSHIFT No, loop. FFIC Ce INy, Advence text index. FFID DUEG BNE NEXTHEX Always taken. Check next character for hex, FFIF C4 2A NOTHEX PY YSAV Cheek if L, H empty (no hex digits). FFB F097 BEQ ESCAPE Yes, generate ESC sequence. re BIT MODE Test MODE byte. FF 5019 BYC NOTSTOR B62 for STOR, | for XAM and BLOCK xAM. FFA? A528 Lbs L D's of hex data FREI 81 26 STA (STL, X) Store at current 'store index’ BPSB Eb 26 INC STL Increment store index FFD DJ BS BNE NEXTITEM Ger next item. (ne carry) FFOF £627 INC STH Add carry to ‘store index’ high order. FF 40 44 FF | TONEXTITEM JMP NEXTITEM Get next command item, PFO 6¢ 2403 RUN IMP (XAML) Run at current XAM index FPO7 3.28 NOTSTOR BMI XAMNEXT BI=@ for XAM, 1 for BLOCK XAM, FF99 A202 Lx #502 Byte count. FFOB BS 27 SETADR LDA L-1,x Copy hex data to FFOD 9525 STA STL“1, x fetore index, FEOF 95.23 STA XAML-1, And to 'XAM index', FFAL CA DEX Next of 2 bytes FFA2 DO FT BNE SETADR Loop unless X= 4, FFAG DO14 NXTPRNT BNE PRDATA NE mean no address to print, FFAG A9 8D LDA #$8D cr. RAS 20 EF FF JSR ECHO Output it. FFAB A525, LDA XAMHE IExamine index’ high-order byte. FFAD 29 DC FF JSR PRBYTE Output it in hex format. FFBO A524 LDA XAML Low-order fexamine index’ byte. FRB2 2 DG FF ISR PRBYTE Ourput it in hex format. FFBS Ag BA LDA #$BA, 20 FFB? 20 EF FF JSR ECHO Output i FFBA Ag Ag PRDATA LDA #8 Blank, FFBG 20 EF FF SR ECHO Output it. FFBF Al 24 LDA (XAML, x) Ger data byte at ‘examine index’ PEC] 2 DC FF ISR PREYTE Outpt it in hex format. FFCA 8625 XAMNEXT — STX MODE G-> MODE (KAM mode). FEG7 A524 LDA XAML FRCS C5 26 MPL Compare ‘examine index! to hex data, FFCA A525 LDA XAMIE FFCG E529 SBC H FFCE Bg C1 BCS TONEXTITEM Not less, so no more data to output. FRDI E624 INC XAML FFD2 Dg 02 BNE MODSCHK Increment ‘examine index’. FFD! 5625 ING XAMH BFDS AS 24 MODECHK LDA XAML Check low-order ‘examine index’ byte FDS 29 67 AND #807 For MOD B= 9 FFDA 198 BPL NXTPRNT Always taken. FRDC 48 PRBYTE PHA Save A for LSD. FFDD 4A LsR FFDE 4A TSR. FFDF 4A 15k MSD to LSD position. PREG 4A sR FFEL 2055 FF JSR PRHEX Output nex digit FFEA 68 PLA Restore A. PRES 29 0F PRHEX AND #S0F Mask LSD for hex print. FFE? 09 Bd Ona #SBd aed", FFE C9 BA GMP HBA Digit?6502 HEX MONITOR LISTING (continued) FFEB 99 02 BCC ECHO Yes, output it BFED 69 46 ADG #306 Aad offeet for letter. FFEF 26 12D8 ECHO BIT DSP DA bit (B7) cleared yet? EFF2 39 FB BMI ECHO No, wait for display EFF 8D 120 STA DSP Output character. Sete DA. FFFT 6S RIS Return, FFFS 06 09 (unused) EFFA 09 OF (NMI) EFFC 09 FF (RESET) FFFE 9 09 (IRQ) HARDWARE NOTES ge J Variabl Other Variables XAML 24 IN 20e-27F. XAMH 25 KBD ba STL 26 KBDCR #11 PIA STH 27 DSP pone L 28 DSPCR #13, 4 29 YSAV 2A MODE 25 KBD/DSP Interface B DATA BUS Bz Ag «ep | 53 al asc { Ba Ab Data} BS. + BG Decode A1S, Ald, A13, Al2 to $Dxxx 7 2 6 vefe—+5 KBD STROBE ca | ve R/T R/T ro [ one shoe]. call (3.5usec) J—RDA (UART style) ca DA (UART style) (to display) Pp7| (from dieplay) Pp——+ 56 bens ey [ens ASCII to display: pen2 — peso PIA 6820SECTION Ti HOW TO EXPAND THE APPLE SYSTEM The Apple system can be expanded to in~ clude more memory and IO devices, via. a 44-pin, edge connector. The system is fally expandable 10 65K, with the entire dats and address busses, clocks, control signals (i.e. IRQ, NAMI, DMA, RDY, etc.), and power sources available at the connector, All address lines are TTL bullered, and data lines can drive ten equivalent capacitive Toads (one TTL load and 130pf) without external buffers, All clock signals are TTL. The Apple system runs at approximately 1 MHz (see spec sheet) and is fully compatible wich 6800/6500 style timing. ‘Three power sources are available at the edge connector: 45 volts regulated, and raw DC {approximately 4/~ 14V) for the H2¥, —12V, and SV supplies. If +12V, ~12V, or SV supplies are required, EXTERNAL REGULATORS MUST BE. USED. An excess of 1.5 amps from the "on- board” regulated #5 supply ig available for ex- pansion (assuming suitable transformer ratings are employed). Exercise great care in thehandling fof the raw DG, ag no short-circuit protection i provided. REFRESH: Four out of every 65 clock cycles is dedi cated to memory refresh, At the start of a r6 Grea cycle (150 ne after leading edge of 61), RF goes low, and remains low for one clock cycle. G2 te inhibited during a refresh cycle, and the processor is held in dl (i's inactive state)- | Dy Ramie memories, which must clock during refresh tyeles, should derive theie clock from GO, whieh is equivalent to 92, except that it continues daring a refresh cycle, Devices, auch as PIA's, will not be affected by a rafvesh cycle, since they react to G2 only. Referto Apple "Pech Notes” for a variety of interfacing examples DMA: The Apple system has full DMA capability. For DMA, the DMA control line tri-states the address buss, thus allowing external devices to control the dues, Consult MOS TECHNOLOGY 6502 Hardware Manual for details. (For DMA use, the solder jumper on the board, marked "DMA mmuat be broken.) For the 6502 microprocessor, the RDY Vine ig used to halt the processor for single atep- ping, or slow ROM applications. Refer to Apple "Tech Notes” for exampl SOFTWARE CONSIDERATIONS: The soquences listed below are the routines used to read the keyboard or output to the display, Read Key from KBD: LDA KBD GR (D811) BPL LDA KBD DATA (D919) Output to Display: {PHT SP (Da12) BPL STA DSP (Dd12) PIA Internal Registers: KBD Data paw High order bit equals 1. KBD Control Reg. DOI1 High order bit indicates "key ready! Reading key clears Mag. Rising edge of KBD sets flag. DSP DATA paz Lower seven bits are data output, igh order bit is "display ready input (Iequale ready, equals Susy) DSP Control Reg. Dd131 I 1. cay Fe] B= Ls} 3 4 ° aIf more than one soarce for RDY RUN tase open-collector gate 7201 (not 'J0) cs (Slow ROM address decoded) ROY or G1 > needed only oe pancte msTAUCTON aECTELE ‘SLOW ROM (NOTE: Features not needed may be omitted) SINGLE STEP FOR 6502 ADDRESS DISPLAY =12-The Apple Compater Company hereby warrants each of te products, and all componente therein contained, to be free from defects in materials and/or workmanship for a period of thirty (30) days from date of purchase, In the event of the occur- rence of malfunction, or other indication of failure attributable Girectly to faulty workmanship and/or material, then, upon re- turn of the product to the Apple Computer Company, at 770 Welea, Road, Palo Alto, California, 94304 (postage prepaid), the Apple Computer Company will, at its option, repair or replace said products or components thereof, to what ever extent Apple Gom= puter Company shall deem necessary, to restore said product to proper operating condition. All such repairs or replacements shall be rendered by the Apple Computer Company, without charge to the customer. ‘The responsibility for the failure of any Apple Computer product, oF component thereof, which, at the discretion of the Apple Computer Company, shall have resulted either directly or indirectly from accident, abuse, or misapplication of the product, shall be assumed bythe customer, andthe Apple Computer Com pany shall assume no liability as a consequence of auch events under the terme of this warranty, While every effort, on the part of Apple Computer Com- pany, ie made toprovide clear and accurate technical instruction on the use, implementation, and application of its products, the Apple Computer Company shall assume noliability in events which ‘may arise from the application of such technical inetruction, nor shall the Apple Computer Company be held liable for the quality, interconnection, or application of periferal products, which may have been recommended by Apple Computer Company, but which have not been supplied as pazt of the product, Thie warranty containg and embodies the Limits of re~ sponsibility of the Apple Computer Company, with regard to ite products, and no other Hability is expreesed, implied, or should be assumed by the purchaser, and in no event shall the Apple Computer Company be held liable for the lose of time, effort, or transportation costs, nor for loss of potential profits or other consequential losses which might arise from the purchase, agsem- bly, use, application, or subsequent aale of the products of Apple Computer Company, nor from any instructions and/or technical information thereto related,‘SanEgaESESOTEEE