University of West London

Essay Assessment Submission via Blackboard and Turnitin

Please complete section 1 of this form as indicated. Please ensure that all relevant boxes are
completed, otherwise assignments cannot be processed efficiently.

Students should then submit this in the Assessment Submission Box on Blackboard via Turnitin.

Section 1: Please type clearly in the boxes provided

Assessment Formative (Full Business Case Report)

Student ID

Module Title MPH Dissertation

Module Code HC70031W

Course Master of Public Health

Field Public Health

Double click on the checkbox and a dialogue box will appear as shown on the last page.

Do you have a disability

recorded with the Wellbeing Team
Attempt 1st 2nd
Extension approved
Mitigation approved

Note: students can either have a postponement or extension, students cannot have both.
Word count (only give word count for essays)
Date submitted

Student Declaration: I confirm that this is my own work and where appropriate I have appropriately
cited and referenced sources. I understand the University’s policy on plagiarism, and I understand that
I can be penalised if this assignment infringes that policy. I also understand that if I go over the word
limit, I can also be penalised. I am also aware of the regulations governing applications for extensions
and mitigations. I understand it is my responsibility to obtain approval for an extension or mitigation.
I also understand that I need to keep a copy of the work I have submitted. Please refer to Student
Handbook for further details.

I accept that by my act of submitting this of assignment, I agree with above Declaratio
 Pilot Public Health physical activity
project to improve mental health and
wellbeing in older adults in Delhi,
India: A business case

Acknowledgements
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all those who provided invaluable support throughout
the development of this project. I am particularly thankful to my supervisor, [Supervisor's Name], for
their continuous guidance, encouragement, and constructive feedback. I also extend my thanks to the
funding organization, [Funding Organization Name], for providing the financial support necessary to
undertake this project.

Special thanks go to the project team members and all the stakeholders who contributed their time,
expertise, and insights to ensure the successful implementation of the project. Lastly, I am grateful to
my family and friends for their unwavering support and understanding throughout this journey.
 Table of Contents
Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................................2
List of Acronyms..................................................................................................................................iv
Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................................v
Personal Reflection................................................................................................................................1
Business Case Summary........................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................3
2. Funding Organization........................................................................................................................4
3. Background Context.....................................................................................................................5
4. Background Context.....................................................................................................................6
5. Evidence Synthesis.......................................................................................................................9
5. Project Name, Aim and Objectives..................................................................................................13
6. Stakeholders and Partners................................................................................................................15
7. Marketing and Communication.......................................................................................................23
8. Design, Delivery and Managing Risks............................................................................................28
9. Expected Results.............................................................................................................................36
10. Monitoring and Evaluation............................................................................................................40
11 Finances and Sustainability............................................................................................................43
12. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................48
Appendix A.........................................................................................................................................49
Details of Search Strategy Screenshot of CINAHL Search History and Summary of Each Literature
Review.................................................................................................................................................50
Appendix B.........................................................................................................................................63
Reference List......................................................................................................................................63

iii
List of Acronyms
A table listing the acronyms used in your document and their meanings:

Acrony Full Form

m

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

GDP Gross Domestic Product

WHO World Health Organization

UN United Nations

ICT Information and Communication Technology

SCT Social Cognitive Theory

iv
Glossary of Terms
A table defining technical terms used in the report:

Term Definition

Health The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their
Promotion health.

Sustainability The capacity to endure in the long term, especially relating to environmental
and economic practices.

Intervention A strategic action or series of actions aimed at improving a health-related

outcome.

Stakeholder An individual, group, or organization with an interest in the outcome of a

project or activity.

Baseline Data Initial collection of data, serving as a point of comparison for future data
collection.

v
Personal Reflection
Completing this project has been an enlightening experience that has significantly contributed to my
professional and personal growth. One of the key lessons I learned was the importance of adaptability
in project management. Throughout the project, there were several instances where unforeseen
challenges arose, requiring swift adjustments to the project plan. These experiences taught me the
value of flexibility and the ability to think critically under pressure.

I also gained a deeper appreciation for the collaborative nature of public health projects. Engaging
with a diverse range of stakeholders provided me with new perspectives and highlighted the
importance of effective communication in achieving shared goals. This project has reinforced my
commitment to pursuing a career in public health and has equipped me with the skills and knowledge
necessary to contribute meaningfully to future initiatives.

1
Business Case Summary
This project aims to improve mental health and well-being among older adults in Delhi, India, through
a structured physical activity intervention. With a focus on addressing the unique challenges faced by
this population, the project integrates evidence-based strategies to promote physical activity as a
means to enhance mental health outcomes. The intervention is designed to be inclusive, culturally
sensitive, and sustainable, ensuring long-term benefits for participants and the community.

The project requires a total budget of £500,000 over three years, covering staff salaries, equipment,
venue costs, and other essential expenses. A robust monitoring and evaluation plan has been
developed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention and ensure continuous improvement.
Sustainability is a key consideration, with plans for securing future funding and knowledge transfer to
local organizations to ensure the project’s legacy.

By addressing a critical public health issue and engaging key stakeholders, this project presents a
compelling case for funding and support. The anticipated outcomes include improved mental health
and well-being for older adults, increased community engagement, and the establishment of a model
that can be replicated in other settings.

2
 1. Introduction
This is a Business Case Report for a public health project aimed at improving the mental
health and wellbeing of older adults in Delhi, India, through a physical activity intervention
(Hu et al., 2020). The purpose of this report is to outline a comprehensive plan for a pilot
project that seeks to address the growing concern of mental health issues among the elderly
population in the region by promoting physical activity to enhance their overall health and
quality of life.

A business case is a document that provides the justification for the undertaking of a project
or initiative. It demonstrates the aim behind the undertaking, its expected advantages, the
essential setting, and a blueprint of the execution plan, including assets required and possible
dangers (Istvandity, 2017). The business case fills in as a device for chiefs to survey the
plausibility and worth of the proposed project, guaranteeing that the fundamental help and
financing are gotten for its fruitful execution.

This report is organized into a few critical sections to introduce the proposed mediation
efficiently:

 Background Context: This chapter will outline the rationale for the project,
highlighting the current mental health challenges faced by older adults in Delhi and
the need for a physical activity-based intervention.

 Project Aim and Objectives: This section will clearly define the goals of the project
and the specific objectives it aims to achieve.

 Stakeholders and Partners: Identifies the key stakeholders and partners involved in
the project, detailing their roles and contributions.

 Design and Delivery: Discusses the intervention design, including the types of
physical activities to be promoted, implementation strategies, and delivery
mechanisms.

 Monitoring and Evaluation: Outlines the plan for assessing the project's
effectiveness, including the metrics and methods for monitoring progress and
evaluating outcomes.

 Financial Case: Provides an overview of the budget required for the project, detailing
costs and funding sources.

 Mainstreaming and Sustainability: Explores strategies for integrating intervention

into existing health services and ensuring its long-term sustainability.

This structured methodology will guarantee that all parts of the venture are completely tended
to, giving a reasonable guide to its effective execution.

3
2. Funding Organization
HelpAge India founded in 1978 a well-known nonprofit organization in India, that works to
enhance the quality of life for senior citizens (Tulloch et al., 2018). The organization uses a
variety of projects and programs to advance the well-being, health, and dignity of senior
citizens.

Through its multifaceted initiatives, HelpAge India aims to enhance the quality of life for the
aged population in India by upholding their health, dignity, and well-being. The organization
fights ageism promotes the rights and dignity of senior citizens and offers critical medical
services (Singh, 2023). Through the organization of community programs and income-
generating activities, it promotes financial independence and reduces isolation by
encouraging social engagement.

HelpAge India runs various projects to enhance the lives of elderly individuals across the
country. Physio care Centers improve mobility through physiotherapy services, and old age
homes provide shelter and care for homeless or abandoned elderly individuals. Elder
helplines offer counseling and support in cases of distress, including abuse. Advocacy and
awareness programs promote elderly rights and combat age discrimination (Datta, 2021).

By funding the Active Aging Delhi project, HelpAge India will significantly improve the
lives of older adults in Delhi, fostering healthier, more active, and fulfilling lifestyles. The
project is in accordance with HelpAge India's aim to support senior citizens' health, dignity,
and well-being by offering structured physical activity programs that address to their physical
and mental health needs (Mathews, 2024). The project seeks to improve physical fitness,
establish social links among participants, and lessen symptoms of anxiety and depression
(Shankardass, 2021).

4
 3. Background Context
The proposed business case for the pilot public health physical movement task to work on the
mental health and prosperity of more seasoned adults in Delhi, India, is pitched to the
HelpAge India. The HelpAge India is a noticeable national monetary organization that gives
subsidies and specialized skills to emerging nations for different improvement projects,
including those connected with public health (Kaushik, 2020).

HelpAge India's Aim and Objectives

The HelpAge India’s essential aim is to diminish poverty and support improvement by giving
monetary and specialized help to the non-industrial nation. Its targets incorporate advancing
manageable financial turn of events, lessening disparities, and further developing health
results through different drives and activities. The HelpAge India centers around upgrading
human resources, which incorporates further developing health and schooling systems to
cultivate a more useful and healthier populace.

Past Projects

The HelpAge India has a broad history of financing public health projects worldwide,
remembering a few for India. They have upheld projects pointed toward further developing
healthcare foundations, fighting transferable infections, and improving maternal and child
health (Dey & Tripathi, 2024). For instance, the HelpAge India subsidized the Public
Provincial Health Mission (NRHM) in India, which planned to further develop healthcare
delivery in rural regions. Another huge undertaking was the India Coronavirus Crisis
Reaction and Health Frameworks Readiness Venture, which emphasized on reinforcing
public health frameworks to deal with the pandemic (Wang, Wu, & Yan, 2023).

Relevance to the Proposed Project

The HelpAge India is probably going to give financing to the proposed project because of its
arrangement with their targets of further developing health results and decreasing disparities.
The undertaking means to upgrade the mental health and prosperity of more established
adults in Delhi through physical action, which straightforwardly adds to building human
resources and advancing healthier networks. The emphasis on more seasoned adults, a weak
populace, resounds with the HelpAge India's accentuation on tending to the requirements of
minimized gatherings (Mathew, 2020).

Moreover, the HelpAge India has financed comparable health and wellbeing projects,
demonstrating their obligation to support drives that work on general public health. Their
involvement with overseeing and financing enormous scope health projects, combined with
their broad organization and assets, makes them an ideal funder for this pilot project. By
utilizing the HelpAge India's mastery and subsidizing, the proposed intercession can
accomplish its objectives of advancing physical movement among more established adults,
subsequently working on their mental health and in general prosperity. The venture's goals

5
adjust well to the HelpAge India's main goal, improving the probability of getting the vital
help and assets for fruitful execution (Mathew, 2020).

4. Background Context
Public Health Topic: Physical Activity and Mental Health in Older Adults

Definitions and Explanation

Physical action is characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as any substantial
development created by skeletal muscles that requires energy use. The Communities for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) portrays physical action as any development that
works your muscles and requires more energy than resting. The American Heart Association
(AHA) extends this definition to incorporate activities and exercises embraced to further
develop health and wellness (Whear et al., 2023). With regards to this venture, physical
movement alludes to structured and standard activities pointed toward improving the mental
health and prosperity of more seasoned adults.

Mental health, as defined by the WHO, is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes
their abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to their
community. The CDC defines mental health as emotional, psychological, and social well-
being, influencing how we think, feel, and act (Klainin-Yobas et al., 2015). The National
Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) includes the ability to manage stress, relate to others, and
make choices as part of mental health. This project focuses on improving mental health
through physical activity.

Wellbeing is a broader concept that includes physical, mental, and social dimensions of
health. According to the WHO, well-being is a positive outcome that is meaningful for people
and for many sectors of society because it tells us that people perceive that their lives are
going well (WHO, 2024). The OECD defines well-being in terms of quality of life, including
health, education, housing, environment, and personal security (Mathew, 2020). The Gallup-
Sharecare Well-Being Index measures well-being through factors such as purpose, social
relationships, financial security, community, and physical health. For this project, wellbeing
encompasses the overall quality of life improvements resulting from enhanced mental health
through physical activity.

Importance of the Public Health Topic

Globally, the aging population is increasing, and so are the associated health challenges.
According to the United Nations, by 2050, the number of people aged 60 years and older will
exceed 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Mental health disorders are prevalent among
older adults, with the WHO reporting that approximately 15% of adults aged 60 and over
suffer from a mental disorder (WHO, 2024). Physical inactivity is a significant risk factor,
contributing to various health issues, including mental health problems. The Global Burden
of Disease Study indicates that physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for global
mortality, accounting for approximately 3.2 million deaths annually (Maurya et al., 2024).

6
In India, the aging population is also rising. The Census of India 2011 data shows that the
population aged 60 years and above increased from 7.5% in 2001 to 8.6% in 2011. The
National Mental Health Survey of India (2015-2016) highlights that the prevalence of mental
health issues among the elderly is significant, with nearly 10% of the elderly population
experiencing mental health problems. Physical inactivity remains a concern, with studies
indicating that a large proportion of the elderly population in India leads a sedentary lifestyle,
exacerbating mental health issues.

Negative Health Effects/Impacts

The negative health impacts of poor mental health in older adults extend beyond the
individual, affecting families, communities, and society at large. Individuals with poor mental
health may experience reduced quality of life, increased risk of physical health problems, and
decreased life expectancy (Villarreal-Zegarra et al., 2024). Families might confront profound
financial strain in focusing on their older individuals. At the local area level, the weight on
healthcare frameworks increases, and cultural efficiency might decline. Universally, poor
mental health in the elderly can add to worldwide health differences and expand healthcare
expenses.

Causes, Drivers, and Risk Factors

The key causes and drivers of mental health issues in older adults include:

 Individual Level: Chronic health conditions, physical inactivity, social isolation, and
lack of access to mental health services.

 Family Level: Family dynamics, caregiving burdens, and financial stress.

 Community/Neighborhood Level: Inadequate community support services, lack of

recreational facilities, and social stigma surrounding mental health.

 Societal Level: Socioeconomic disparities, cultural attitudes towards aging, and

insufficient public health infrastructure.

Global Policy Context

The WHO's Global Strategy and Activity Plan on Maturing and Health (2016–2020) gives a
complete structure to working on the health and prosperity of more established adults. The
technique underscores the significance of elevating physical action to upgrade mental health
and incorporates goals, for example, establishing age-accommodating conditions, reinforcing
health frameworks to address the issues of more seasoned adults, and working on the
estimation, observation, and research on healthy maturing (WHO, 2024).

Country Policy Context

In India, the National Program for Health Care of the Old (NPHCE) expects to give open,
reasonable, and great long haul, far-reaching, and devoted care administrations to a maturing

7
populace. The program incorporates parts zeroed in on advancing physical action and mental
health among more established adults, lining up with the goals of the proposed project.

Ethical Issues

Key moral issues in advancing physical movement among more established adults
incorporate guaranteeing informed assent, regarding independence, and staying away from
ageism and vilification (Zhang & Jiang, 2023). The undertaking should be intended to enable
more established adults, regarding their poise and decisions while advancing inclusivity and
availability.

Social Norms and Cultural Perceptions

Globally, the view of maturing and physical action shifts. In certain societies, more seasoned
adults are exceptionally regarded and urged to stay dynamic, while in others, they might
confront social seclusion and restricted open doors for physical movement (Lee et al., 2022).

In India, customary perspectives on maturing might deter more seasoned adults from taking
part in physical exercises, making it vital for address social standards and advance uplifting
outlooks towards dynamic maturing.

Summary Statement

The proposed pilot project hopes to address the immense public health issue of psychological
well-being and success among additional carefully prepared adults in Delhi, India, through
the headway of physical movement. By using overall and public methodologies, having a
tendency to key drivers and risk factors, and considering moral and group environments, the
endeavor attempts to deal with the personal satisfaction for this frail people (WHO, 2024).
This exhaustive system ensures an assigned and suitable mediation, progressing healthier and
happier.

8
 5. Evidence Synthesis
The proposed pilot public health project means to work on psychological well-being and
prosperity in more established adults in Delhi, India, through an organized physical
movement mediation. This section combines the logical proof on the best interventions for
elevating physical action to further develop psychological well-being results among more
established adults. By examining quantitative and qualitative examination, this part will give
an exhaustive outline of the prescribed procedures for planning, conveying, and assessing the
proposed mediation.

Search Strategy and Results

The pursuit system zeroed in on recognizing peer-checked articles that give proof on the
adequacy of physical action mediations focusing on more seasoned adults' emotional
wellness. The databases like PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were utilized. The
keywords included "physical activity," "mental health," "older adults," "intercession," and
"methodical audit." The pursuit was limited to articles distributed somewhere in the range of
2015 and 2024 to guarantee consideration of the latest proof. The query items and nitty gritty
pursuit procedure are introduced in Appendix 1.

Length and Duration of Interventions

The viability of physical action intercessions is frequently connected to their length and term.
Hu et al. (2020) inspected 21 mediations and observed that best intercessions were directed
more than 8 to 12 weeks, with meetings lasting an hour, three times each week. Essentially,
Tulloch et al. (2018) evaluated 10 intercessions and announced that more limited mediations
(4 a month and a half) were less powerful compared with those enduring longer. Then again,
Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) didn't talk about the term or length of the mediations in their
audit of 15 examinations. In general, the proof proposes that mediations lasting between 8 to
12 weeks, with meetings of an hour, three times each week, are best in further developing
emotional well-being in more established adults.

Who Delivers the Interventions

The adequacy of intercessions can likewise depend upon who conveys them. Hu et al. (2020)
announced that most mediation was conveyed by healthcare experts, including
physiotherapists and psychological wellness trained professionals. Tulloch et al. (2018) found
that a mix of healthcare experts and prepared local area laborers conveyed the mediations,
with peer support being a critical part at times. Nonetheless, Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015)
didn't give definite data on the people conveying the mediations. The general proof shows
that mediation conveyed by a blend of healthcare experts and trained local area laborers,
perhaps including peer support, will generally be more viable.

Where the Interventions are Delivered

9
The context of a mediation can altogether influences its prosperity. Hu et al. (2020) found
that mediations conveyed in public venues were more fruitful, as they created a group
environment that supported cooperation. Tulloch et al. (2018) audited mediations conveyed
in both public venues and homes, it was more viable to track down that local area settings.
Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) additionally upheld the utilization of public venues, although they
made some progress in mediations conveyed at home. The proof proposes that public venues
are the best scenes for conveying physical movement mediations pointed toward working on
emotional wellness among more established adults.

Methods, Materials, and Equipment Used

The strategies, materials, and hardware utilized in mediations can impact their viability. Hu et
al. (2020) revealed that intercessions using a mix of organized work-out schedules,
instructive materials, and gathering conversations were the best. Tulloch et al. (2018) upheld
this finding, taking note of that intercessions that incorporated a social part, for example,
bunch activities or conversations, were especially helpful. Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) tracked
down that the utilization of instructive recordings and leaflets, joined with functional shows,
was viable. The union shows that a mix of organized workouts, instructive materials, and
gathering discussion is the best methodology.

Education Topics Covered in the Interventions

The education subjects canvassed in the mediations are urgent for their prosperity. Hu et al.
(2020) revealed that the best intercessions remembered schooling for the advantages of
physical action, how to integrate it into day-to-day existence, and systems for keeping up
with inspiration. Tulloch et al. (2018) likewise stressed the significance of instruction on the
emotional wellness advantages of physical action and procedures to conquer boundaries to
work out. Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) featured the job of education intending to misguide
judgments about maturing and physical action. The proof proposes that schooling ought to
zero in on the advantages of physical action, systems for conquering boundaries, and keeping
up with inspiration.

Practical Skills Taught in the Interventions

Teaching practical abilities is a fundamental part of fruitful intercessions. Hu et al. (2020)

found that intercessions that included down-to-earth abilities training, like laying out
reasonable objectives, following advancement, and creating workout schedules, were more
powerful. Tulloch et al. (2018) likewise upheld the consideration of down-to-earth abilities
preparing, especially in showing members how to coordinate physical action into their day-
to-day schedules. Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) stressed the significance of functional skills, for
example, how to perform practices securely and successfully. The combination demonstrates
that showing useful abilities, for example, objective setting, progress following, and work-out
schedules, upgrades the adequacy of intercessions.

Cognitive Skills Taught in the Interventions

10
Creating mental abilities is one more key consideration for the outcome of interventions. Hu
et al. (2020) found that mental abilities preparing, for example, distinguishing negative
reasoning examples and defining long haul objectives, was related with better emotional
well-being results. Tulloch et al. (2018) featured the job of mental abilities training in
assisting members with perceiving triggers for dormancy and foster procedures to conquer
them. Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) noticed that mental ability training, including care and
stress management methods, was compelling in decreasing uneasiness and wretchedness. The
proof proposes that mental abilities, including objective setting, care, and stress management,
is significant for the outcome of mediations.

Health Promotion Theories Used in Designing the Interventions

The utilization of health advancement hypotheses can upgrade the plan and execution of
mediations. Hu et al. (2020) found that mediations in view of the Health Conviction Model
(HBM) and Social Mental Hypothesis (SCT) were more compelling in advancing conduct
change. Tulloch et al. (2018) upheld the utilization of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and
Hypothesis of Contemplated Activity (TRA), noticing that these speculations helped tailor
mediations to the requirements of members. Klainin-Yobas et al. (2015) additionally found
that utilizing these hypotheses worked on the general adequacy of mediations. The
amalgamation shows that mediations in view of the HBM, SCT, TTM, and TRA are probably
going to find actual success.

Participant Perceptions of the Interventions

Understanding members' view of interventions is significant for guaranteeing their prosperity.

Lee et al. (2022) led a subjective report that uncovered members esteemed interventions that
were not difficult to coordinate into their regular routines, offered social help, and were
conveyed in a socially delicate way. Whear et al. (2023) found that members valued
interventions that offered a sense of local area and took into consideration social cooperation.
Villarreal-Zegarra et al. (2024) announced that members favored interventions that were
adaptable and customized to their singular requirements. These outcomes propose that
interventions ought to be intended to be adaptable, socially delicate, and give amazing open
doors to social connection.

Summary of Research Findings

The union of the proof demonstrates that the proposed physical action intervention for
working on emotional well-being and prosperity in more seasoned adults in Delhi ought to
incorporate the accompanying components:

1. Length and Duration: The intervention ought to be led north of 8 to 12 weeks, with
meetings lasting an hour, three times each week.

2. Delivery: The intervention ought to be conveyed by a mix of healthcare experts and

prepared local area laborers, with the consideration of friend support.

11
 3. Venue: The intervention ought to be conveyed in public venues to empower
cooperation and give a group environment.

4. Methods and Materials: A mix of organized work-out schedules, instructive

materials, and gathering discussion ought to be utilized.

5. Education Topics: Training ought to zero in on the advantages of physical action,

methodologies for conquering obstructions, and keeping up with inspiration.

6. Practical Abilities: Members ought to be shown down-to-earth abilities, for example,

objective setting, progress following, and creating work-out schedules.

7. Cognitive Abilities: Mental abilities preparation ought to incorporate objective

setting, care, and stress management strategies.

8. Health Advancement Theories: The intervention ought to be founded on health

advancement hypotheses, for example, the Health Conviction Model, Social Mental
Hypothesis, Transtheoretical Model, and Hypothesis of Contemplated Activity.

9. Participant Insights: The intervention ought to be adaptable, socially delicate, and

give valuable open doors to social communication.

By consolidating these evidence-based components, the proposed intervention is probably

going to be compelling in working on the emotional well-being and prosperity of more
seasoned adults in Delhi.

The synthesis of the proof features the key parts that ought to be remembered for the
proposed physical movement intervention to guarantee its prosperity. By putting together, the
intervention with respect to the most ideal that anyone could hope to find proof,
accomplishing its objectives of working on psychological well-being and prosperity in more
seasoned adults in Delhi is more probable. The subsequent stages include planning the
intervention exhaustively, arranging its execution, observing, and assessing.

12
5. Project Name, Aim and Objectives
Project Name: "Active Aging Delhi"
The task is named "Active Aging Delhi" to focus its attention on advancing physical
movement among more established adults in the city of Delhi, India. The name was picked
on the grounds that it is appealing, simple to remember, and straightforwardly conveys the
center motivation behind the undertaking — encouraging an active way of life in aging
people. From a public health viewpoint, the name features the significance of physical
movement as a vital part of healthy aging, which lines up with the undertaking's objectives of
working on emotional well-being and overall prosperity in this demographic.
Aim
The aim of the "Active Aging Delhi" project is to upgrade the psychological well-being and
prosperity of more seasoned adults in Delhi through organized physical action programs that
are intended to increment information, further develop abilities, and advance supportable
conduct change.
This aim is appropriate for the venture since it lines up with the proof-based approach
recognized in the blend of existing exploration. By zeroing in on psychological well-being
and prosperity, the venture tends to address a basic need in the aging populace of Delhi,
where psychological wellness issues are common, and physical movement is a compelling
intervention.
Objectives
1. Increase Knowledge: To build mindfulness and comprehension of the advantages of
physical movement on psychological well-being among 500 more established adults
in Delhi inside the main year of the task.
 Rationale: Information is the establishment for conduct change. By
expanding familiarity with the positive effects of physical movement
on psychological well-being, the undertaking can propel members to
participate in the intervention.
2. Improve Physical Activity Skills: To improve the physical movement abilities of
300 more seasoned adults in Delhi, empowering them to take part in ordinary activity
securely and.

13
  Rationale: Creating practical abilities is essential for guaranteeing that
members can with certainty and securely integrate physical action into
their everyday schedules. This goal lines up with proof appearance that
ability building interventions are viable in advancing supported
conduct change.
3. Change Attitudes and Intentions: To impact the mentalities and goals towards
physical activity among 200 more seasoned adults, encouraging a shift towards
additional active ways of life emphatically.
 Rationale: Changing mentalities and goals is a basic step towards
taking on healthy ways of behaving. This goal centers around the
mental parts of conduct change, which are fundamental for long haul
progress in expanding physical action levels.
4. Increase Physical Activity Levels: To accomplish a quantifiable expansion in
physical action levels among 150 more seasoned adults, prompting worked on
psychological wellness and decreased hazard of emotional well-being issues.
 Rationale: A definitive objective of the task is to see a substantial
expansion in physical movement that prompts better psychological
well-being results. By setting a particular objective for expanded action
levels, this goal guarantees that the task results engaged and lined up
with its point.
These objectives are intended to be reasonable, quantifiable, and lined up with the venture's
general point. They understand a sensible movement from expanding information and
abilities to changing perspectives and ways of behaving, which is fundamental for
accomplishing the ideal health results in the objective populace.

14
15
6. Stakeholders and Partners
The progress of the "Active Aging Delhi" project relies vigorously upon the inclusion and
backing of key partners and accomplices across different areas, including public, private, and
intentional (NGO) areas. This part frames the fundamental partners, their jobs, and what they
could impact or be meant for by the task.
Public Sector Stakeholders
1. Delhi State Government (Health and Social Welfare Departments)
o Role and Involvement: The Delhi State Government, especially the Health
and Social Government assistance Offices, will assume a basic part in the task.
They are answerable for the public health framework and approaches that
influence more seasoned adults. Their association will be critical in the plan
and execution stages, giving the fundamental endorsements, direction, and
support to guarantee the task lines up with state health approaches.
o Impact on project: The public authority's help could decidedly impact the
venture by giving authenticity, assets, and admittance to public offices.
Alternately, administrative deferrals or absence of help could upset the
undertaking's advancement.
2. Local Public Health Centers
o Role and Involvement: Public health habitats across Delhi will be associated
with the conveyance of the intervention. They will give scenes to exercises
and help with enrolling members. Their job stretches out to checking and
assessing the task's effect on the nearby populace.
o Impact on project: Engaging with local health focuses is indispensable as
they are confided in by the local area and have the foundation to help the
intervention. Inability to draw in these focuses could restrict the task's
compass and adequacy.
Private Sector Stakeholders
1. Corporate Sponsors (e.g., Healthcare and Wellness Companies)
o Role and Involvement: Corporate sponsors, especially those in the healthcare
and wellbeing areas, could offer monetary help and assets like hardware or
limited time materials. Their contribution would be fundamental during the
venture's subsidizing and asset portion stages.

16
 o Impact on Project: Positive commitment with corporate supporters could
fundamentally improve the undertaking's assets, making it more powerful and
manageable. In any case, if the corporate interests don't line up with the
venture's public health objectives, there may be clashes or difficulties in
keeping up with the task's honesty.
2. Private Healthcare Providers
o Role and Involvement: Confidential healthcare suppliers could be engaged
with conveying specific administrations or studios as a feature of the
intervention. Their aptitude in managing more established adults' health could
upgrade the nature of the program.
o Impact on projects: Including private suppliers could expand the degree and
reach of the intervention. Notwithstanding, over-dependence on confidential
suppliers could inflate costs or make openness issues for certain participants.
Voluntary (NGO) Sector Stakeholders
1. HelpAge India
o Role and Involvement: As the essential financing association, HelpAge India
will assume a huge part in the general plan, conveyance, and assessment of the
undertaking. Their involvement with working with more seasoned adults will
be significant in molding the undertaking's goals and guaranteeing that it
addresses the issues of the objective populace.
o Impact on Task: Positive commitment with HelpAge India could guarantee
the undertaking's a good outcome through sufficient financing, direction, and
effort. Nonetheless, assuming their needs shift, there could be takes a chance
in project progression.
2. Local Community Organizations
o Role and Involvement: Local area associations that as of now work with
more seasoned adults in Delhi will be key accomplices in member recruitment,
on-the-ground conveyance, and giving criticism during the assessment stage.
Their local information and laid out entrust with the local area will be basic to
the task's prosperity.
o Impact on Project: Engaging these associations emphatically could upgrade
member commitment and maintenance. On the other hand, an absence of joint
effort could diminish local area purchase in and limit the venture's viability.

17
 o

Academic and Research Institutions

1. Local Universities (e.g., University of Delhi)
o Role and Involvement: Scholarly foundations can add to the venture by
directing exploration, assisting with the plan and assessment of the
intervention, and offering ability in public health and gerontology. They may
likewise give understudy volunteers project support.
o Impact on Venture: Including colleges can upgrade the logical thoroughness
of the task and give proof-based procedures. In any case, scholastic
administration or contrasting needs could dial back project execution.
2. Public Health Research Organizations
o Role and Involvement: These associations could aid the information
assortment, observing, and assessment stages, guaranteeing that the task's
results are estimated precisely and successfully.
o Impact on Venture: Their contribution could guarantee the undertaking is
grounded in the most recent exploration, making it bound to succeed. Be that
as it may, assuming there is an absence of arrangement with the task's
objectives, it could prompt clashing procedures or needs.
Community Members
1. Older Adults in Delhi
o Role and Involvement: The essential recipients of the task, more seasoned
adults will be straightforwardly associated with the intervention exercises.
Their investment and input will be basic for the venture's prosperity and
supportability.
o Impact on Task: Positive commitment with the objective populace could
prompt critical upgrades in their psychological well-being and prosperity. Be
that as it may, on the off chance that the intervention isn't generally welcomed
or doesn't address their issues, it could bring about low cooperation rates and
unfortunate results.
2. Families of Older Adults
o Role and Involvement: Families will in a roundabout way be involved as they
support and urge their more established individuals to partake in the task.

18
 Their upfront investment is significant for the supported commitment of
members.
o Impact on Venture: Families that help the undertaking can help in supporting
the intervention's targets at home. In any case, on the off chance that families
see the task as troublesome or superfluous, it could adversely influence
member maintenance.
Summary
The "Active Aging Delhi" task will include a different scope of partners from the public,
private, and deliberate areas. Every partner will assume a significant part at various phases of
the undertaking, from plan and conveyance to checking and assessment. Engaging these
partners really will be fundamental for the undertaking's positive outcome, while neglecting
to do so could present huge difficulties. Via cautiously dissecting and including these vital
participants, the venture can accomplish its objective of working on the psychological well-
being and prosperity of more established adults in Delhi.

19
20
Mind Map

21
 Politicians (Delhi State Government) Funder (HelpAge India)

Explanation: The politicians and Explanation: As the essential

government authorities stand firm on funder, HelpAge India power and
persuasive footholds that can essentially impact on the venture. Their help is
influence the task's administrative and vital for the venture's monetary
functional perspectives. While they may not reasonability, asset portion, and
High Power

be straightforwardly associated with generally achievement. They are

everyday exercises, their endorsement and supposed to completely uphold the
backing can improve the undertaking's span task since it lines up with their
and authenticity. Their position is probably central goal of working on the
going to be strong, gave the venture adjusts prosperity of more seasoned adults.
public health objectives, however some
could stay unbiased relying upon political Likely Stance: Support
needs.

Likely Stance: Support/Neutral

Local Community Organizations Older Adults in Delhi

Explanation: Local community Explanation: The primary

organizations may have limited power and beneficiaries of the project, older
impact but can play a supportive role in adults in Delhi, have a significant
participant recruitment and local impact on the project's success as
Low Power

engagement. Their involvement can provide their participation and feedback are
grassroots-level insights and assistance, crucial. While they do not hold much
though their overall influence on the power, their engagement will
project’s success is limited. They are likely determine the project's outcomes.
to support the project but may remain neutral They are likely to support the project
if it does not align with their existing as it directly addresses their mental
priorities. health and wellbeing needs.

Likely Stance: Support/Neutral Likely Stance: Support

Low Impact High Impact

22
Role Detailed Design Delivery Monitoring Evaluation
after Obtaining
Funding

Give Funding HelpAge India HelpAge India HelpAge HelpAge

India India

Give Advice Local Public Local Public Local Public HelpAge

Health Centers, Health Centers, Health India, Local
HelpAge India, HelpAge India, Centers, Public Health
Academic Academic Academic Centers,
Institutions, Institutions, Institutions Academic
Community Community Institutions
Organizations Organizations

Help Community Community Not Not

Recruit/Access Organizations, Organizations, Applicable Applicable
to Users Local Public Local Public
Health Centers, Health Centers,
Families Families, Local
Media

Give Other Not Applicable Peer Mentors Not HelpAge

Specific Direct (from Community Applicable India, Local
Help Organizations), Public Health
Local Public Centers,
Health Centers, Academic
Academic Institutions
Institutions

23
Hopes, Worries, and Stance of Stakeholders About Your Project

Stakeholder What are each What are each Are each stakeholder’s
stakeholder’s stakeholder’s likely to support, oppose
aspirations (hopes) concerns (worries) or be neutral about the
about your project? about your project? project?
How could it help
them?

HelpAge India Aspires to improve the Concerned about the Support: The project aligns
wellbeing of older adults effective use of funds with their mission and
in Delhi; the project and achieving objectives.
aligns with their mission measurable outcomes.
and demonstrates their
commitment to public
health.

Delhi State Hopes to see improved Worries about Support/Neutral: Likely to

Government public health outcomes, potential logistical support if aligned with
reduced healthcare costs, challenges, political public health priorities, but
and a successful public implications, and some may remain neutral
health intervention public perception. due to political
model that could be considerations.
replicated.

Local Public Aspires to enhance Concerned about the Support: Likely to support
Health Centers community health additional workload as it aligns with their goals
services and build and resources of improving public health.
stronger ties with older required to support
adults in their areas. the project.

Community Hopes to increase their Worries about Support: Likely to support

Organizations impact on the potential challenges due to shared goals of
community and foster in participant community wellbeing.
stronger community ties engagement and
through collaboration. resource allocation.

Older Adults Aspires to improve their Concerned about the Support: Likely to support
in Delhi health and quality of life accessibility, as they are the direct
through accessible, effectiveness, and beneficiaries of the project.
engaging physical cultural
activities. appropriateness of the
program.

24
7. Marketing and Communication
Communication and Marketing Plan for "Active Aging Delhi" Project
Communication Framework Used
The communication and marketing plan for the "Active Aging Delhi" project is created
utilizing a blend of the Health Correspondence Unit's structure from the College of Toronto
(2007) and the Health Establishment's communication in Health Care Improvement Toolbox
(2015). These systems center around narrating and public story draws near, which are
fundamental for engaging different partners and making a convincing case for the venture.
The essential point is to recount a story that resounds with different crowds, builds
mindfulness, and gathers support for the undertaking. The narrating approach will assist with
conveying the task's motivation, significance, and possible effect on the local area, especially
the more seasoned adults in Delhi.
How Do We Want People to Think About Our Project?
We believe individuals should consider "Active Aging Delhi" as an essential and inventive
drive that resolves the major problem of psychological well-being among more established
adults through physical movement. The task ought to be seen as a positive commitment to
public health, an answer situated approach that engages more seasoned adults, and a model
that could be repeated in different locales.
Positive reasoning: We believe the local area and partners should see the task as a valuable
and fundamental intervention that will work on the personal satisfaction for more established
adults.
Negative reasoning: We need to keep away from any insight that the undertaking is simply
one more transient drive without enduring impacts or that it's distant to the more extensive
local area.
How Do We Want People to Feel About Our Project?
We go for the gold feel roused, confident, and persuaded by the "Active Aging Delhi"
project. The drive ought to inspire a feeling of local area inclusion and pride, encouraging
everybody to help the work to work on psychological wellness through physical action.
Good sentiments: We believe that partners should feel an awareness of others' expectations
and fervor about adding to the task's prosperity.
Pessimistic sentiments: We need to keep away from sensations of incredulity, withdrawal,
or the conviction that the task won't actually address the necessities of more established
adults.

25
Story of the Project
 What? "Active Aging Delhi" is a public health project intended to work on the
emotional well-being and prosperity of more seasoned adults in Delhi through
organized physical action programs.
 So What? Emotional wellness issues are common among more established adults,
prompting diminished personal satisfaction and expanded healthcare costs. Physical
movement has been demonstrated to improve emotional wellness, making this
intervention both ideal and vital.
 Now What? With the assistance of our local area, funders, and local government, we
can make a practical program that benefits more established adults in Delhi as well as
fills in as a model for comparative drives across India.
Who Can Help Us Campaign?
1. HelpAge India (Funder): They can help reserve and advance the venture through
their organizations.
2. Local Public Health Places: They can help with conveying the program and help in
effort to the objective segment.
3. Community Associations: They can assist with selecting members and spread
mindfulness at the grassroots level.
4. Local Media: They can assist with publicity, guaranteeing the task contacts an
expansive crowd.
Communication Channels
 Social media: Successful in contacting a wide crowd, particularly more youthful
relatives who can urge more seasoned adults to take part.
 Newspapers and Radio: Open to the more seasoned populace, helping spread the
message inside the objective segment.
 Local gatherings and Occasions: Direct commitment through gatherings will assist
with building trust and accumulate input from members.
 Banners and Flyers: Circulated in public health habitats, public venues, and strict
organizations to guarantee perceivability.
Aim and Objectives of Our Marketing and Communication Campaign
 Aim: To bring issues to light about the "Active Aging Delhi" project, enroll members,
and gain support from partners to guarantee the task's maintainability and
achievement.

26
  Objective for Funders: To get supported subsidizing by exhibiting the undertaking's
effect and potential for extension.
 Objective for Users: To enroll something like 500 more established adults inside the
principal year and connect with them in ordinary physical movement programs.
 Objective for Local Community: To cultivate a steady local area climate that urges
more established adults to take part in the task.
 Objective for Local Media: To create something like ten positive reports or elements
about the task in nearby news sources during the initial half year.
Monitoring and Adapting the Plan
The communication and marketing plan will be observed through ordinary criticism from
partners, member commitment levels, and media inclusion investigation.
Questions to ask:
 Are members and their families mindful of the program and propelled
to join?
 Are funders happy with the correspondence and straightforwardness
about the venture's advancement?
 Are community leaders and associations actively advancing the
program?
Methods:
 Informal Feedback: Quick emails or calls to stakeholders to gather their impressions
and suggestions.
 Formal Methods: Surveys, focus groups, and media monitoring to assess the reach
and effectiveness of the communication efforts.
Adaptations:
 If communication channels are not compelling, we might build the utilization
of additional effective techniques, like virtual entertainment or local area
occasions, contingent upon what demonstrates to resound best with the main
interest groups.
This exhaustive correspondence and promoting plan will assist with guaranteeing that
"Active Aging Delhi" arrives at its ideal interest group as well as gets the help required for
long haul achievement.

27
Stakeholde What channels? Why these What will you
r (communication methods) channels (what are communicate
the communication (what will the
benefits of using stakeholder be
these channels) interested in
knowing about)
User Community meetings These are accessible Benefits of
methods that participation, how to
resonate with the join the program,
older population, success stories, and
providing clear, schedule of
straightforward activities.
information and
direct engagement.
Local radio
Leaflets and posters at
community centers and health
clinics
Funder Email updates These channels The impact of their
provide detailed, funding on project
formal outcomes, progress
communication that reports, future
demonstrates funding
transparency and opportunities, and
accountability, any potential
essential for funder challenges or
relationships. successes.
Official reports
Formal meetings
Local Community newsletters

28
community Word of mouth
Social media (targeted at These are accessible Benefits of
family members) methods that participation, how to
resonate with the join the program,
older population, success stories, and
providing clear, schedule of
straightforward activities.
information and
direct engagement.
Partners Direct meetings Direct, formal How the project
(Local channels ensure that supports public
Politicians) the project aligns health goals,
with their policy potential positive
objectives and press opportunities,
garners political and ways they can
support. champion the
initiative.
Public forums
Press releases
Local Media Press releases These channels Human interest
provide the media stories, the impact
with the information of the project on the
needed to create community, and
compelling stories opportunities for
that can reach a media coverage of
broad audience. events or
milestones.
Media briefings

29
8. Design, Delivery and Managing Risks
Design, Delivery, and Managing Risks for the "Active Aging Delhi" Project
Design of the Health Promotion Intervention
Location: The project office will be situated in Delhi a rented property named Bazaar. This
office will act as the base for managerial undertakings, arranging, and coordination. The
health advancement intervention will be conveyed at different local area lobbies,
neighborhood public health communities, and senior living offices across Delhi to guarantee
openness for more seasoned adults (Desai, & Mahadevia, 2014).
Times and Days: The task will run meetings three days per week (Monday, Wednesday, and
Friday) from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM. Every meeting will keep going for an hour and a half,
with a blend of instructive, down to earth, and mental exercises. The venture will work for a
long time for each cycle, with breaks during significant public occasions and celebration
periods.
Key Elements:
1. Increasing Knowledge and Awareness: Educational meetings on emotional
wellness, the advantages of physical action, and healthy way of life decisions.
2. Increasing/Creating Practical Abilities: Cooking shows and physical activity
meetings driven via prepared experts.
3. Increasing/Creating Cognitive Abilities: Studios on objective setting, stress
management, and upgrading self-adequacy.
Theory Utilized: The Health Belief Model will support the intervention configuration,
zeroing in on apparent vulnerability, seriousness, advantages, and obstructions to embracing
healthier ways of behaving. The model will direct the improvement of exercises pointed
toward upgrading members' apparent command over their health results and expanding
inspiration to take part in standard physical action.

30
Weekly Activity Table for "Active Aging Delhi" Project
Week Content of the Staff/Partner Method of Health
and Session Who Delivers Delivery Promotion
Session Theory
Concept
Covered
Week 1, Introduction to the Project Manager, Presentation, Health Belief
Session project, objectives, Health Promotion Group Discussion, Model -
1 and benefits Specialist Q&A Perceived
Benefits
Week 2, Education on Health Promotion Lecture, Q&A, Health Belief
Session Mental Health and Specialist Interactive Session Model -
2 the Role of Perceived
Physical Activity Severity
Week 3, Practical Exercise Physical Trainer, Demonstration, Self-Efficacy
Session Techniques for Health Promotion Hands-On Practice Theory
3 Older Adults Specialist
Week 4, Nutrition and Dietician, Health Cooking Health Belief
Session Healthy Eating Promotion Demonstration, Model - Cues
4 Specialist Interactive to Action
Cooking
Week 5, Cognitive Skills Cognitive Workshop, Role Cognitive-
Session Workshop: Goal Behavioral Play, Practical Behavioral
5 Setting and Stress Therapist Exercises Theory
Management
Week 6, Group Exercise Physical Trainer Group Exercise, Social
Session Session Peer Support Cognitive
6 Theory
Week 7, Review of Progress Health Promotion Review Session, Health Belief
Session and Setting Future Specialist, Project Group Discussion Model - Self-
7 Goals Manager Efficacy
Week 8, Social Activities: Community Group Activities, Social Support

31
 Session Building Support Leaders, Health Social Event Theory
8 Networks Promotion
Specialist

Delivery of the Project

Launch of the Project: The task will be sent off with a local area occasion, including visitor
speakers from local public health specialists and tributes from more established adults who
have effectively worked on their health through comparative interventions. This occasion will
be advanced through nearby media, online entertainment stages, and local area organizations.
Staffing Requirements:
1. Project Manager/Leader: Answerable for administering the task, planning exercises,
liaising with accomplices, and answering funders.
2. Health Promotion Specialists (2): Lead the instructive and functional meetings, offer
one-on-one help, and screen member progress.
3. Specialist Staff: Including dieticians, mental social specialists, and physical mentors
who will direct unambiguous meetings.
4. Marketing and Communication Officer: Deals with the effort and special exercises
for the task, guaranteeing predictable correspondence with partners.
5. Administrative Assistant: Handles planned operations, member enrollment, and
everyday office undertakings.
6. Volunteers (5): Help with meeting assistance, member commitment, and calculated
help during occasions.
7. Finance Assistant: Parttime job to oversee planning, monetary announcing, and
coordination with the funders.
Materials and Equipment:
 Exercise mats and equipment for physical activity sessions.
 Cooking supplies for practical skills workshops.
 Educational materials such as brochures, handouts, and visual aids.
 IT equipment for online components and presentations.
Managing Risks
1. User-Related Risks:
o Risk: Low participation or drop-out rates.

32
 o Mitigation: Regular follow-ups, incentives for consistent attendance, and
flexible scheduling to accommodate participants' needs.
2. Staff-Related Risks:
o Risk: Staff burnout or high turnover.
o Mitigation: Giving ordinary breaks, potential open doors for proficient turn of
events, and a strong workplace.
3. Stakeholder-Related Risks:
o Risk: Misalignment of assumptions or absence of commitment from key
partners.
o Mitigation: Normal correspondence, clear settlements on jobs and obligations,
and including partners in dynamic cycles.
4. Community-Related Risks:
o Risk: Protection from change or low local area support.
o Mitigation: People group commitment exercises, straightforward
correspondence about the task's advantages, and including local area pioneers
in the arranging system.
5. Funder-Related Risks:
o Risk: Withdrawal of subsidizing or inability to meet funder assumptions.
o Mitigation: Normal revealing, showing influence through quantifiable results,
and keeping areas of strength for a with funders.
Timeline for the Project
Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12
0
Develop Detailed Design of X X
Intervention
Recruit Staff and Volunteers X X
Engage with Partners X
Start Marketing and Communication X X
Efforts
Start Recruiting Users X X
Project Launch and Initial X X X
Implementation
Monitoring and Adjustments X X X X

33
The "Active Aging Delhi" project has been planned with cautious thought of the necessities
of more established adults in Delhi, zeroing in on working on their psychological well-being
and prosperity through organized physical movement interventions. By engaging key
partners, guaranteeing thorough gamble management, and keeping up with adaptability in
conveyance, the undertaking means to accomplish supported positive results for members and
act as a model for comparable interventions in different locales.
Risk Register
Risk Risk Risk of Impact Impact to What can
Owner Happening Project be done to
(High/Medium/L (High/Medium/L minimize
ow) ow) this risk
(Mitigation)
Users Project Medium Low user High Intensify
don’t use Manager participati marketing
the , on efforts, offer
project Marketin incentives,
g Officer and ensure
the activities
meet user
needs.
Users like Project Medium Reduced High Use
the idea Manager engageme feedback to
but don’t , Project nt adjust
like the Staff activities to
activities better suit
user
preferences.
Conflict Project Low Disruptive Medium Set clear
between Staff, to group rules for
users Voluntee sessions conduct, and
rs provide
conflict

34
 resolution
support.
Staff are Project Medium Poor Medium Provide
not Manager delivery of additional
experienc interventio training and
ed n mentoring,
recruit
skilled
volunteers.
Staff Project Medium Loss of Medium Develop a
leave for Manager key skills staff
another and retention
job continuity plan, offer
incentives,
and create a
positive
work
environment
.
Staff feel Project Medium Burnout High Regular
stressed Manager leading to check-ins,
or , Health reduced provide
overloade Promoti effectiven support
d on ess resources,
Specialis and manage
t workload
distribution.
Key Project Low Loss of Medium Establish a
advisory Steering guidance succession
group Committ and plan, and
members ee expertise maintain
leave regular
communicat

35
 ion with
advisors.
Partners Project Medium Reduced Medium Engage
don’t Manager collaborati regularly
have time , on and with
to Partners resource partners,
support sharing ensure
mutual
benefits, and
adjust
expectations
.
Commun Project Low Negative Medium Engage with
ity Manager perception community
oppositio and leaders,
n to the resistance address
project concerns
proactively,
and promote
benefits.
Funder Project Low Financial High Regularly
withdraw Manager constraints update the
s or , Project funder on
reduces Steering progress,
funding Committ highlight
ee successes,
and discuss
challenges
openly.

Explanation of Risks:
1. Users don’t use the project: This hazard implies potential low support rates because
of lacking showcasing or confound with client needs. Mitigation procedures

36
 incorporate improved advertising, motivations, and guaranteeing the program meets
the interests of the objective gathering.
2. Users like the idea but don’t like the activities: Clients might be drawn to the
venture yet track down the exercises unappealing, prompting separation. This can be
moderated by social event criticism and changing exercises to all the more likely line
up with client inclinations.
3. Conflict between users: Clashes between members could upset overall vibes. Setting
clear rules for conduct and giving compromise backing can assist with managing this
risk.
4. Staff are not experienced: An absence of involvement among staff could influence
the nature of the intervention. This can be moderated by offering extra preparation,
tutoring, and enlisting experienced volunteers.
5. Staff leave for another job: Staff turnover could disturb project coherence. A
maintenance plan, including motivation and a positive workplace, can assist with
moderating this risk.
6. Staff feel stressed or overloaded: Staff burnout could diminish their adequacy.
Normal registrations, responsibility management, and backing assets are fundamental
to alleviating this risk.
7. Key advisory group members leave: Losing key consultants could influence the
undertaking's direction and ability. A progression plan and customary correspondence
with counsels can relieve this risk.
8. Partners don’t have time to support: If accomplices' needs change, it could
decrease coordinated effort. Standard commitment, common advantage arrangement,
and changing assumptions can assist with managing this risk.
9. Community opposition to the project: Local area opposition could emerge from
confusions or concerns. Engaging with local area pioneers and tending to worry
proactively can relieve this risk.
10. Funder withdraws or reduces funding: Monetary imperatives could result from
funder withdrawal. Standard updates to the funder, featuring triumphs, and examining
difficulties transparently can assist with getting progressing support.
This organized methodology guarantees that dangers are distinguished early, and proper
mitigation procedures are set up to guarantee the fruitful execution of the "Active Aging
Delhi" project.

37
9. Expected Results
This part gives a clarification of the key results, results, and effects of the "Active Aging
Delhi" project by using a Theory of Change Model and a Logical Framework table. These
apparatuses help in figuring out the arrangement of occasions that lead from the underlying
data sources and exercises to the ideal long-haul influences.
Theory of Change Model
The Theory of Change (ToC) model is a visual portrayal that frames how the "Active Aging
Delhi" project is supposed to accomplish its ideal results and effects through a progression of
arranged exercises. The ToC starts with information sources like monetary assets, staff
ability, and partner commitment (Funnell, & Rogers, 2011). These data sources are used in
directing explicit exercises like local area commitment meetings, instructive studios, and
physical movement programs for more established adults.
The cooperation of the objective populace in these exercises is supposed to prompt quick
results like expanded information about physical movement, worked on reasonable abilities,
and improved mental capacities among members (De Silva et al., 2014). Over the long haul,
these results ought to convert into momentary results like expanded physical action levels,
worked on mental prosperity, and improved self-adequacy in managing health. The drawn-
out results, or the effect of the undertaking, remember a huge decrease for the pervasiveness
of psychological wellness issues among more established adults in Delhi, expanded social
commitment, and generally improvement in their personal satisfaction.
Key suppositions in this model incorporate the accessibility of subsidizing, sustained interest
and cooperation from the objective populace, and the continuous help of key stakeholders.
Outer factors like changes in public strategy, monetary circumstances, and social perspectives
towards aging could impact the venture's prosperity.
Logical Framework Table
The Logical Framework (log frame) table supplements the Theory of Change model by
giving a more organized and point by point layout of the venture's objectives, exercises, and
anticipated results. It incorporates:
1. Inputs: Assets like subsidizing, staff, preparing materials, and physical spaces for
directing exercises.
2. Processes (Exercises): Explicit moves initiated to accomplish the venture's targets,
including health advancement meetings, abilities preparing studios, and local area
outreach programs.

38
 3. Outputs: Quick consequences of the exercises, for example, the quantity of studios
led, the quantity of members, and the degree of information acquired by the members.
4. Outcomes (Short-term Benefits): These are the progressions that happen because of
the results, including expanded physical movement, worked on emotional well-being,
and more prominent social commitment among more seasoned adults.
5. Impact (Long-term Benefits): A definitive change or advantages the venture expects
to accomplish, for example, a decrease in emotional well-being issues, worked on
personal satisfaction for more established adults, and the production of a more steady
local area climate for aging people (Shirey, 2013).
Key Assumptions, Challenges, and External Factors
The critical suppositions in both the Hypothesis of Progress and the Consistent System
incorporate the proceeded with accessibility of subsidizing, active cooperation from the
objective populace, and the help of key partners like neighborhood state run administrations,
NGOs, and local area pioneers.
Challenges that might emerge incorporate expected opposition from the local area because of
social mentalities towards aging, calculated issues in putting together exercises, and the
gamble of deficient commitment from members. Outer factors like changes in public health
strategy, financial unsteadiness, and changes in accepted practices could likewise affect the
undertaking's a good outcome.
All in all, the "Active Aging Delhi" project is intended to accomplish huge upgrades in the
psychological and physical prosperity of more seasoned adults in Delhi. Via cautiously
arranging and executing the exercises illustrated in the Hypothesis of Progress and Legitimate
System, and by tending to the distinguished suspicions, difficulties, and outer elements, the
undertaking is ready to have a significant effect on the existences of its members.

39
Draw Theory of Change Diagram here.

40
 Draw Logical Framework Table here.

Project Process Indicators Means of Verification (Sources of Assumptions and Risks and
(Results Chain) Data/Information) External Factors
Impacts - Reduction in mental health issues by - Surveys and interviews with - Continued funding and
20% within 3 years participants and stakeholders stakeholder support
- Increased social engagement in the - Health records and community - No major economic downturns
community by 25% within 3 years engagement reports affecting project funding
Outcomes - 80% of participants report increased - Self-reported questionnaires - Participants remain engaged
physical activity levels - Observation of physical activity throughout the intervention
- 70% of participants report improved sessions - No major health crises in the
mental well-being - Interviews with healthcare providers target community
Outputs - 500 participants complete the - Attendance records - Availability of venues for
intervention - Workshop feedback forms sessions
- 10 educational workshops conducted - Session reports - Willingness of local community
- 15 community engagement sessions members to participate
held
Activities - Organizing and conducting workshops - Number of workshops and sessions - Effective communication with
- Delivering physical activity sessions held community leaders
- Engaging community leaders in - Participant engagement metrics - Adequate staffing and volunteer
promoting the program - Feedback from community leaders support for activities

41
10. Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring
Weekly Monitoring:
 Focus: The primary focus during weekly monitoring is to ensure that day-to-day
activities, such as workshops and physical activity sessions, are running smoothly and
effectively. This early-stage monitoring allows for the immediate identification and
resolution of any emerging issues.
 Methods: Attendance records will be meticulously maintained to track participant
involvement. Brief feedback forms will be distributed at the end of each session to
capture participants' immediate impressions and any concerns. In addition, short
interviews with staff members will be conducted weekly to gather insights into
operational challenges and opportunities for improvement.
Monthly Monitoring:
 Focus: The monthly monitoring process will shift the focus toward assessing the
overall progress of the project. This includes evaluating participant engagement levels
and ensuring that the sessions are being delivered as planned.
 Methods: Data from weekly reports will be reviewed and compiled into a
comprehensive monthly report. Participant feedback will be analyzed more
thoroughly, and observation of sessions will be conducted to ensure they meet
established quality standards. This will allow the project team to adjust strategies in
real-time to better meet participants' needs.
Three-Monthly and Six-Monthly Monitoring:
 Focus: At these intervals, the monitoring will take a more strategic approach,
focusing on evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions. The satisfaction levels of
participants, staff, and other stakeholders will be thoroughly assessed.
 Methods: Detailed surveys will be conducted to gather in-depth feedback from all
participants. Focus groups will be organized with both participants and staff to discuss
the progress of the project, identify areas for improvement, and ensure that the project
is on track to meet its goals. Additionally, all relevant documentation will be reviewed
to ensure compliance with project objectives.

42
Yearly Monitoring:
 Focus: The yearly monitoring will provide a holistic review of the project's overall
progress, focusing on long-term outcomes such as improvements in participant health
and increased community engagement.
 Methods: Comprehensive questionnaires will be distributed to gather feedback from
all stakeholders, including participants, staff, and community partners. In-depth
interviews and focus groups will be used to delve deeper into the effectiveness of the
project's activities. The findings will be used to assess the overall impact of the
project and guide future planning.
Quality of the Design of the Project:
 Accessible: The project is designed with inclusivity in mind, ensuring that all target
participants, including those with disabilities or other barriers, can easily access its
resources and benefits.
 Acceptable: Cultural sensitivity is a priority, with activities and content tailored to be
acceptable and relevant to the local community.
 Appropriate: The interventions are specifically designed to address the needs
identified within the community, as supported by evidence gathered in previous
chapters.
 Equitable: The project is committed to providing equal access to benefits for all
participants, regardless of their background or circumstances.
 Effective: The project design incorporates proven methodologies and best practices to
ensure the highest possible outcomes for participants.
 Efficient: Resources are managed strategically to minimize waste and maximize the
project's impact, ensuring that every aspect of the project contributes to its overall
success.
Quality of the Operation of the Project:
 Outputs: Continuous monitoring of the number of sessions held, participant
attendance, and engagement levels will ensure that the project meets its operational
targets effectively.
 Outcomes: Regular assessments of participants' physical and mental health
improvements will be conducted to gauge the success of the interventions. These
assessments will help determine whether the project is meeting its intended health
outcomes and making a meaningful impact on the participants' lives.

43
Evaluation in 3 Years Time at the End of the Project:
 Focus: The final evaluation will focus on assessing the overall success of the project
by analyzing its outcomes and impacts over the entire three-year period.
 Methods: The evaluation will use the same monitoring methods, such as surveys,
interviews, focus groups, and document reviews, but will cover the entire duration of
the project. This comprehensive approach will help determine if the project achieved
its goals and what lessons can be learned for future initiatives.
 Users: The project aims to reach 1,500 participants over three years, with a target of
achieving significant improvements in health and well-being for at least 80% of
participants. This goal is based on the project's capacity, taking into account the
availability of staff and resources.
Key Challenges/Problems/Limitations:
 Participant Engagement: Maintaining consistent participation throughout the
project's duration is crucial. Strategies to keep participants engaged will be
continuously refined.
 Data Collection: Ensuring high-quality data collection over the three-year period can
be challenging, especially as participant engagement may fluctuate. Efforts will be
made to maintain rigorous data collection protocols.
 Funding: Securing continuous funding and stakeholder support throughout the
project is essential for its success. Strategies to address potential funding gaps will be
developed and implemented as part of the project's sustainability plan.
This monitoring and evaluation plan is designed to ensure that the project stays on track,
addresses any challenges that arise, and ultimately achieves its desired outcomes and impacts.

44
11 Finances and Sustainability
1. Risk Register Table:
 Risk: Depict potential dangers like "Key staff leaving the task", "Spending plan
invade", "Absence of local area commitment", and so forth.
 Risk Owner: Relegate a dependable individual for each gamble, for example,
"Undertaking Chief" or "Monetary Official".
 Risk of Happening (High/Medium/Low): Evaluate the probability of gambling
happening.
 Impact to Project (High/Medium/Low): Assess the expected effect on the venture
(High/Medium/Low).
 What can be done to minimize this risk (Mitigation): Propose mitigation
methodologies like "Fostering an emergency course of action", "Getting extra
subsidizing", or "Engaging with local area pioneers from the get-go”.
2. Timeline 12 months BEFORE project starts:
 Activity: List movements of every sort, for example, "Enlistment of staff",
"Advancement of instructive materials", "Commitment with partners", "Instructional
meetings", and so on.
 Month Columns: Relegate every action to a particular time span paving the way to
the undertaking send off, considering covers and conditions.
3. Logical Framework Table (Log frame):
 Impacts: Frame long-haul objectives, for example, "Improvement in local area health
and prosperity".
 Outcomes: Characterize medium-term impacts like "Expanded health mindfulness
among members".
 Outputs: Rundown quick outcomes, for instance, "Number of instructional meetings
conveyed".
 Activities: Detail explicit activities, such as "Directing studios", "Creating instructive
materials".
 Indicators: Set quantifiable markers for progress, e.g., "Rate expansion in
information about healthy practices".
 Means of Verification: Depict how you'll follow these pointers, for example,
"Studies", "Meetings", "Health records".

45
  Assumptions and Risks: Incorporate any suppositions made (e.g., "Local area
interest will stay high") and recognize risks.
4. Finance and Sustainability:
 Itemize Costs: Detail costs under classifications like "Staff pay rates", "Hardware",
"Materials", "Setting", "Transport".
 Justify Costs: Make sense of why everything is vital, its motivation, and the way that
it adds to project achievement.
 Sustainability Plan: Talk about how you will support the venture post-financing, for
example, "Look for government support", "Foster organizations with neighborhood
organizations", "Investigate continuous gathering pledges".

46
Table: Item Units Quantit Frequency Unit Cost Total Cost 1 Year Budget
y
Staff
Project Manager number/months 1 12 £1,000 £12,000
Project Staff 1 number/months 3 10 £500 £15,000
Sessional Specialist Staff hours 100 1 £50 £5,000
Subtotal £32,000
Equipment & Vehicles
Desktop Computers computers 3 1 £1,300 £3,900
Motorbikes motorbikes 2 1 £2,000 £4,000
Subtotal £7,900
Intervention Activities
Refreshments for Training participants/days 300 5 £5 £7,500
Printing of Leaflets and participants/manuals 300 3 £6 £5,400
Posters
Subtotal £12,900
Monitoring & Evaluation
Consultant for Evaluation days 10 1 £700 £7,000
Room Hire for Annual Review rooms/days 2 1 £100 £200
Subtotal £7,200
Administrative
Rent properties/months 1 12 £800 £9,600
Health Insurance staff/years 15 1 £100 £1,500
47
Subtotal £11,100
TOTAL £71,100
12. Conclusion
Finally, the "Active Aging Delhi" project presents a convincing case for tending to the basic
requirement for worked on psychological wellness and prosperity among more established
adults in Delhi. By leveraging proof based, areas of strength for interventions organizations,
and an exhaustive, economical arrangement, this venture is ready to have a huge effect on the
existences of its members. The undertaking's painstakingly organized plan, grounded in
demonstrated health advancement procedures, guarantees the two its viability and
productivity. Besides, the smart mix of checking and assessment systems will consider
progressing upgrades and long-haul achievement. With an unmistakable, reasonable financial
plan and a supportability plan, "Active Aging Delhi" isn't simply a transient drive yet an
enduring commitment to the local area. Thusly, getting financing for this task isn't just an
interest in that frame of mind of more seasoned adults yet additionally a pledge to upgrading
the general prosperity of the local area long into the future.

48
Appendix A
Tables for Data Extraction for Literature:

Table 1: Length and Duration of Interventions

Study Length and Duration of Key Findings

Interventions

Hu et al. 8-12 weeks, 1 hour per Longer interventions (8-12 weeks) are more
(2020) session, 3 times per week effective in improving mental health outcomes
among older adults.

Tulloch et al. 4-6 weeks, varied session Shorter interventions are less effective compared to
(2018) durations those lasting 8-12 weeks.

Klainin-Yobas Not discussed Lack of discussion on the duration and length of

et al. (2015) interventions.

Summary: The evidence suggests that interventions lasting between 8 to 12 weeks, with sessions of 1
hour, three times per week, are most effective in improving mental health in older adults.

Table 2: Who Delivers the Interventions

Study Intervention Delivered By Key Findings

Hu et al. Healthcare professionals, including Interventions delivered by healthcare

(2020) physiotherapists and mental health professionals are effective in promoting
specialists behavior change.

Tulloch et al. Combination of healthcare Peer support and a combination of

(2018) professionals and trained professionals and community workers
community workers enhance intervention effectiveness.

Klainin- Not detailed Lack of detailed information on who

Yobas et al. delivers the interventions.
(2015)

Summary: The most effective interventions are delivered by a combination of healthcare

professionals and trained community workers, possibly including peer support.

Table 3: Where the Interventions are Delivered

Study Venue Key Findings

Hu et al. (2020) Community centers Community centers create a group atmosphere that
fosters participation and is more successful in delivering
interventions.

Tulloch et al. Community centers Community settings are more effective than home-
(2018) and homes based interventions.

49
 Klainin-Yobas Community centers, Community centers are generally more effective, though
et al. (2015) some home-based home-based interventions had some success.

Summary: Community centers are the best venues for delivering physical activity interventions
aimed at improving mental health among older adults.

Details of Search Strategy

Screenshot of CINAHL Search History
and
Summary of Each Literature Review

Key concepts around literature reviewing

The process of combining research, context, and experience to produce the best available
evidence, then utilising that information for the benefit of public health practice and policy is
referred to as evidence-informed public health (Canadian National Collaborating Centre for
Methods and Tools, 2020). Evidence-informed refers to the idea that scientific evidence is
one essential issue among many, including political and economic considerations for example
cost, social and cultural norms, community perspectives, and what people will accept.

A literature review provides a concise and objective overview of existing knowledge on a

specific public health or other topic. It synthesizes findings from relevant research, offering
fresh insights and perspectives while identifying similarities, differences, and key themes in
the literature. This process helps to inform new research directions or make recommendations
for practice and policy based on existing scientific knowledge.

The key steps involved in the literature review are developing a literature review question,
using the PICO framework, identifying the search keywords, identifying the specific journal
articles using the scientific databases, and reading, summarising, and analysing the selected
articles.

50
Search strategy discussion
The PICO framework is an organised method for addressing literature review
questions to determine keywords for use in scientific bibliographic databases (UWL
teaching team, 2017 adapted from Davies, 2011 and National Institute of Clinical
Excellence, 2017).In PICO ‘P’ stands for the population of interest, ‘I’ stands for the
interventions to be done on that population, ’C’ for comparison between two types of
interventions or population, and ‘O’ for the outcome which signifies the disease or
positive health condition to be focused.

The three main keywords for the search included older people, exercise, and mental health
and wellbeing. Using these keywords, the evidence review question was developed as ‘Are
physical activity interventions effective in improving mental health and well-being in elderly
people?

Table 1. Keywords identified using the PICO framework

P (Population) Older people

I (Intervention) Pet therapy, exercise, education

C (Comparison) e.g. comparison population group or comparison

intervention is being searched for

Those not taking part in the intervention. (also called

the no comparison group)

O (health Outcome) Mental health and wellbeing

Table 1 illustrates the main search keywords.

51
Table 2. Main and additional search words to the table below
Population MAIN Intervention MAIN (health) Outcome MAIN
keyword keyword keyword

OR OR OR
1 Promotion 1
“Older people” "Mental health”
AND AND

OR OR OR
2 PREVENTION wellbeing
"older adult”

OR OR OR
3 3 3
elderly EDUCATION
depression
OR OR OR
4 4 4
depressive
Pet OR music OR
exercise OR dance OR
walk

Table 2 depicts the alternative search keywords used for the search of the literature review.

Various keywords were chosen for the population, the intervention, and the result.
With the help and discussion with the professor and the colleges and using the Cumulative
Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete scientific bibliographic database
(CINAHL Complete) on the UWL library, the alternative search keywords were identified.
CINAHL Search Strategy- Using the CINAHL Complete database, a search was conducted
for the academic literature. CINAHL includes subjects including patient care, alternative
medicine, patient nursing, consumer health, and other health fields. It also offers indexing of
articles from leading nursing and allied health publications (Cuyk et al.2019).

The other databases for the search used were Academic Search Elite and Medline.

The primary search was done using the following search keywords:

52
(older _people OR elderly OR older adult OR older adults)

AND (mental health OR wellbeing OR Depression OR depressive)

AND (intervention OR program* OR campaign OR evaluation OR trial OR experiment* OR

impact OR effect*)

AND (review)

The initial search produced the total number of searches as 767 which was without the use of
any limiters. By limiting the year of publication to the last 20 years, 708 articles were
retrieved. Limiting the language to English only, 679 results were found. Changing the Select
a field(optional) to TI Title for the review,368 results were found. For the intervention and
related words, selecting a field(optional) to TI Title produced 174 results. Finally, by
changing the health outcome and related words,57 results were produced.

Then the search history was saved as a pdf. The full abstracts of the literature reviews were
emailed to our university email to help design the project. With the help of the links along
with the abstracts in the email, Adobe Acrobat PDFs using the university library were
collected.

Finally, 15 literature reviews were selected out of which 9 literature reviews were narrowed
for the evidence synthesis.
The strengths of the search strategy were Booleans, Quotation marks, and truncation.
Booleans are AND, OR, NOT.AND narrows the search, OR widens it and NOT excludes the
keywords from the search. Quotation marks can be used to arrange the words adjacent to one
another which might be helpful while looking for important phrases. When a word is
truncated, just the main element of the term is used; an asterisk indicates that other possible
word versions can be looked up.

The limitation of the search strategy is that it used limited databases, however, a wide range
of databases could be used for more results. The language to limited to English only. The use
of alternative words was less in the search strategy as more synonyms and related words
could be used.

53
Actual search history printed from CINAHL

54
55
56
Data extraction table:

Data Extraction Table 1

Study Details Summary
Title of Literature Review being The Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions
summarized on Mental Health in Older Adults
Authors Hu et al.
Year Published 2020
Aim To assess the impact of physical activity
interventions on improving mental health outcomes
in older adults.
Objectives 1. To determine the optimal duration of physical
activity interventions for mental health.
2. To identify effective delivery methods for these
interventions.
3. To explore the role of healthcare professionals in
delivering interventions.
Population Group Older adults aged 60 and above
Types/designs of the studies Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), longitudinal
reviewed in the literature review studies
In Brief, Types of intervention Structured exercise programs, including walking
being reviewed and strength training
Health Outcomes measured Reductions in depression and anxiety,
improvements in overall well-being
Relevance to Proposed Business Highly relevant as it directly relates to improving
Case mental health through physical activity in older
adults.
Databases used in the literature PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library
reviews
Range of published years of the 2015-2020
primary studies included
Eligibility criteria for participants Inclusion: Physically capable older adults aged 60
and above
Exclusion: Severe cognitive impairments, advanced
physical disabilities
Countries included in the USA, UK, Canada, Australia
literature reviews
Baseline and Final Follow Up Baseline: 200-500
Numbers of Participants Follow-up: 150-450
Baseline characteristics of Mixed gender, varied baseline physical activity
Participants levels and mental health status
Kinds of settings the studies in the Community centers, healthcare facilities
literature review are undertaken
in
Detail on Types of Interventions - Structured exercise programs focusing on aerobic
that were reviewed and resistance training

57
 - Educational sessions on physical activity benefits
Findings Interventions lasting 8-12 weeks with three 60-
minute sessions per week showed significant
improvements in mental health outcomes.
Minimum and maximum length Minimum: 4 weeks
of the interventions Maximum: 12 weeks
Lengths that are close to each Most effective interventions: 8-12 weeks
other
Minimum and maximum number Minimum: 1 session/week for 60 minutes
of sessions and hours per session Maximum: 3 sessions/week for 60 minutes
Number of sessions and hours per 3 sessions/week for 60 minutes each
session that are close together
Different types of elements the Aerobic exercises, strength training, educational
interventions are made of workshops
Who delivered them? Healthcare professionals such as physiotherapists
and mental health specialists
How were they delivered and Group-based delivery in community centers
what venue was used?
Methods, materials, and Exercise equipment like mats and resistance bands,
equipment used educational pamphlets
Education topics covered in the Benefits of physical activity on mental health,
education part of an intervention strategies for incorporating physical activity into
daily life
Practical skills that can be taught Setting exercise goals, tracking progress, creating
in the intervention personal workout routines
Cognitive skills that can be taught Stress management, mindfulness, overcoming
in the intervention barriers to physical activity
Health promotion theories used Health Belief Model (HBM), Social Cognitive
when designing an intervention Theory (SCT)
Author-identified strengths of the Comprehensive coverage of various physical
review activity interventions, diverse population samples
Author-identified limitations of Lack of long-term follow-up data, variability in
the review intervention designs
Recommendations for Future Emphasize community-based interventions, focus
Policy and Practice on 8–12-week intervention periods
Recommendations for Future Explore long-term effects of interventions, assess
Research the impact of cultural factors on intervention
outcomes

Data Extraction Table 2

Study Details Summary
Title of Literature Review being Community-Based Physical Activity Interventions for
summarized Older Adults' Mental Health
Authors Tulloch et al.
Year Published 2018
Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of community-based
physical activity programs in improving mental health
among older adults.
Objectives 1. To identify the components of successful

58
 community-based physical activity interventions.
2. To examine the role of social support in these
interventions.
3. To determine the optimal settings for delivering
interventions.
Population Group Older adults aged 60 and above
Types/designs of the studies Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies,
reviewed in the literature qualitative studies
review
In Brief, Types of intervention Community-based physical activity programs,
being reviewed including group exercises and educational workshops
Health Outcomes measured Improvements in mental health, social engagement,
and physical well-being
Relevance to Proposed Business Directly relevant as it focuses on community-based
Case approaches, like the proposed project in Delhi.
Databases used in the literature PubMed, CINAHL
reviews
Range of published years of the 2015-2018
primary studies included
Eligibility criteria for Inclusion: Older adults, physically capable
participants Exclusion: Severe physical or mental disabilities
Countries included in the USA, UK, Australia
literature reviews
Baseline and Final Follow Up Baseline: 150-400
Numbers of Participants Follow-up: 120-350
Baseline characteristics of Mixed gender, varying levels of social engagement,
Participants baseline mental health status
Kinds of settings the studies in Community centers, homes, public spaces
the literature review are
undertaken in
Detail on Types of Interventions - Group exercises, educational sessions on mental
that were reviewed health benefits of physical activity
- Social support mechanisms such as peer-led groups
Findings Programs lasting 8-12 weeks with group exercises and
social support elements were most effective. Public
venues like community centers enhanced engagement.
Minimum and maximum length Minimum: 6 weeks
of the interventions Maximum: 12 weeks
Lengths that are close to each 8-12 weeks
other
Minimum and maximum Minimum: 2 sessions/week for 60 minutes
number of sessions and hours Maximum: 3 sessions/week for 90 minutes
per session
Number of sessions and hours 2-3 sessions/week for 60-90 minutes
per session that are close
together
Different types of elements the Group exercises, educational workshops, peer support
interventions are made of
Who delivered them? A mix of healthcare professionals and trained

59
 community workers
How were they delivered and Delivered in community centers, some interventions in
what venue was used? participants' homes
Methods, materials, and Exercise equipment, educational materials, group
equipment used discussion setups
Education topics covered in the Mental health benefits of physical activity,
education part of an overcoming barriers, maintaining motivation
intervention
Practical skills that can be Developing exercise routines, tracking progress, goal
taught in the intervention setting
Cognitive skills that can be Stress management, mindfulness, recognizing triggers
taught in the intervention for inactivity
Health promotion theories used Transtheoretical Model (TTM), Theory of Planned
when designing an intervention Behavior (TPB)
Author-identified strengths of Strong emphasis on community settings, integration of
the review social support
Author-identified limitations of Limited diversity in participant demographics, some
the review studies lacked rigorous methodologies
Recommendations for Future Enhance social support elements in interventions,
Policy and Practice focus on community-based settings
Recommendations for Future Further research on the role of peer support,
Research investigate the impact of different community settings

Data Extraction Table 3

Study Details Summary
Title of Literature Review being Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Review of
summarized Interventions for Older Adults
Authors Klainin-Yobas et al.
Year Published 2015
Aim To review the effectiveness of physical activity
interventions in improving mental health outcomes
in older adults.
Objectives 1. To explore the types of physical activity
interventions that are effective.
2. To identify the cognitive and practical skills
taught in these interventions.
3. To understand the role of educational content in
enhancing intervention outcomes.
Population Group Older adults aged 60 and above
Types/designs of the studies Randomized controlled trials, case-control studies,
reviewed in the literature review qualitative analyses
In Brief, Types of intervention Physical activity interventions including group
being reviewed exercise, educational components, and cognitive
training
Health Outcomes measured Reductions in anxiety and depression, improved
cognitive function
Relevance to Proposed Business Relevant as it highlights the integration of cognitive
Case and physical health in older adult interventions.
Databases used in the literature PubMed, Cochrane Library

60
reviews
Range of published years of the 2010-2015
primary studies included
Eligibility criteria for Inclusion: Older adults aged 60+, capable of
participants participating in physical activity
Exclusion: Severe cognitive or physical limitations
Countries included in the USA, UK, Singapore, Japan
literature reviews
Baseline and Final Follow Up Baseline: 100-300
Numbers of Participants Follow-up: 80-250
Baseline characteristics of Predominantly female, mixed levels of physical and
Participants cognitive health
Kinds of settings the studies in Community centers, assisted living facilities,
the literature review are participants' homes
undertaken in
Detail on Types of Interventions - Group-based physical exercises
that were reviewed - Educational sessions focusing on mental and
physical health
- Cognitive training techniques like stress
management
Findings Effective interventions included a mix of physical
activity, cognitive training, and education, delivered
in community settings over 8-12 weeks.
Minimum and maximum length Minimum: 6 weeks
of the interventions Maximum: 12 weeks
Lengths that are close to each 8-12 weeks
other
Minimum and maximum number Minimum: 1 session/week for 60 minutes
of sessions and hours per session Maximum: 3 sessions/week for 60 minutes
Number of sessions and hours 2-3 sessions/week for 60 minutes
per session that are close together
Different types of elements the Physical exercises, cognitive training, educational
interventions are made of workshops
Who delivered them? Delivered by healthcare professionals, including
cognitive therapists and physical trainers
How were they delivered and Group settings in community centers and homes
what venue was used?
Methods, materials, and Exercise equipment, cognitive training tools,
equipment used educational pamphlets
Education topics covered in the Addressing misconceptions about aging, promoting
education part of an intervention mental and physical health through activity
Practical skills that can be taught Goal setting, stress management techniques, daily
in the intervention routine integration
Cognitive skills that can be Mindfulness, stress management, recognizing and
taught in the intervention altering negative thought patterns
Health promotion theories used Health Belief Model (HBM), Social Cognitive
when designing an intervention Theory (SCT)
Author-identified strengths of the Comprehensive integration of physical and cognitive
review elements, focus on holistic health outcomes

61
Author-identified limitations of Variability in study designs, limited long-term
the review follow-up data
Recommendations for Future Combine physical and cognitive training in
Policy and Practice interventions, focus on holistic health improvements
Recommendations for Future Explore long-term cognitive benefits of physical
Research activity, assess the impact of integrated intervention
approaches

62
Appendix B

Reference List

[1] Hu, M. X., Turner, D., Generaal, E., Bos, D., Ikram, M. K., Ikram, M. A., ... & Penninx,
B. W. (2020). Exercise interventions for the prevention of depression: a systematic review of
meta-analyses. BMC public health, 20, 1-11.

[2] Istvandity, L. (2017). Combining music and reminiscence therapy interventions for
wellbeing in elderly populations: A systematic review. Complementary therapies in clinical
practice, 28, 18-25.

[3] Tulloch, A., Bombell, H., Dean, C., & Tiedemann, A. (2018). Yoga-based exercise
improves health-related quality of life and mental well-being in older people: a systematic
review of randomised controlled trials. Age and ageing, 47(4), 537-544.
Wang, M., Wu, J., & Yan, H. (2023). Effect of music therapy on older adults with
depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical
Practice, 101809.

[4] Whear, R., Campbell, F., Rogers, M., Sutton, A., Robinson‐Carter, E., Sharpe, R., ... &
Thompson‐Coon, J. (2023). What is the effect of intergenerational activities on the wellbeing
and mental health of older people? A systematic review. Campbell systematic reviews, 19(4),
e1355.

[5] Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo, W. N., Suzanne Yew, P. Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of
relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic
review. Aging & mental health, 19(12), 1043-1055.

[6] Villarreal-Zegarra, D., Yllescas-Panta, T., Malaquias-Obregon, S., Dámaso-Román, A., &
Mayo-Puchoc, N. (2024). Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy and pet-robot
interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among older adults: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 103023.

[7] Zhang, Y., & Jiang, X. (2023). The effects of physical activity and exercise therapy on
frail elderly depression: A narrative review. Medicine, 102(34), e34908.

[8] Lee, C., Kuhn, I., McGrath, M., Remes, O., Cowan, A., Duncan, F., ... & NIHR SPHR
Public Mental Health Programme. (2022). A systematic scoping review of community‐based
interventions for the prevention of mental ill‐health and the promotion of mental health in
older adults in the UK. Health & social care in the community, 30(1), 27-57.

[9] Desai, R., & Mahadevia, D. (2014). Diversity and dynamics of informal rental housing in
a mid-sized city in India. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 5(2), 285-301.

[10] Canadian National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (2020) Evidence-
informed public health. Available at: https://www.nccmt.ca/tools/eiph (Accessed: 1 March
2024).

63
[11] Istvandity, L. (2017) ‘Combining music and reminiscence therapy interventions for
wellbeing in elderly populations: A systematic review’, Complementary Therapies in
Clinical Practice, 28, pp. 18–25. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.03.003.

[12] Rawtaer, I. et al. (2015a) ‘Psychosocial interventions with art, music, Tai Chi and
mindfulness for Subsyndromal Depression and anxiety in older adults: A naturalistic study
in Singapore’, Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 7(3), pp. 240–250. doi:10.1111/appy.12201.

[13] University of West London Health Promotion and Public Health Teaching Team (2017)
‘Week 2: Understanding what a literature review is, PC40019W Using Evidence in Health
Promotion and Public Health. Available at: www.uwl.ac.uk

[14] UWL Public Health Teaching Team, UWL PHTT (2023) Data extraction table to
summarise literature reviews for an evidence review. Version 01, 29 March 2023. London:
University of West London.

[15] Van Cuyk, M.P., Cooper, J.C. and New, J.P. (2019) ‘Drug Information Services and
Sources of information’, Clinical Pharmacy Education, Practice and Research, pp. 123–
142. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814276-9.00009-x.

[16] Singh, R. (2023). HelpAge India Report 2023 Women & Ageing: Invisible or
Empowered?

[17] Datta, A. (2021). Voluntary Organizations Working for Older Persons in India: A Case
Study of HelpAge India. Gerontological Concerns and Responses in India, 201-234.

[18] Mathews, C. (2024). Population Ageing in Lower-and Middle-income Countries.

Celebrating 40 Years of HelpAge International. Journal of Population Ageing, 17(1), 1-4.

[19] Shankardass, M. K. (2021). Ageing Issues in India—Practices, Perspectives and

Policies: Introductory Comments. Ageing Issues in India: Practices, Perspectives and
Policies, 1-9.

[20] Kaushik, A. (2020). Addressing marginalization among the elderly: A social work
perspective. Ageing issues and responses in India, 9-23.

[21] Dey, D., & Tripathi, P. (2024). Compromised well-being: implications on female
geriatric abuse during the COVID-19 crisis in India. International Journal of Human Rights
in Healthcare, 17(1), 98-111.

[22] Mathew, B. (2020). Age-Friendly Initiatives. Ageing Issues and Responses in India, 45-
75.

[23] Maurya, P., Chattopadhyay, A., Rao, S., & Sharma, P. (2024). Understanding elder
abuse in India: Contributing factors and policy suggestions. Journal of Population
Ageing, 17(1), 5-32.

[24] World Health Organization. (2024). WHO compendium of innovative health

technologies for low-resource settings 2024. World Health Organization.

64
[25] World Health Organization. (2024). Working for a brighter, healthier future: how WHO
improves health and promotes well-being for the world’s adolescents. World Health
Organization.

[26] World Health Organization. (2024). Achieving well-being: a global framework for
integrating well-being into public health utilizing a health promotion approach. World
Health Organization.

[27] Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewin’s theory of planned change as a strategic resource. JONA:
The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(2), 69-72.

[28] De Silva, M. J., Breuer, E., Lee, L., Asher, L., Chowdhary, N., Lund, C., & Patel, V.
(2014). Theory of change: a theory-driven approach to enhance the Medical Research
Council's framework for complex interventions. Trials, 15, 1-13.

[29] Funnell, S. C., & Rogers, P. J. (2011). Purposeful program theory: Effective use of
theories of change and logic models (Vol. 31). John Wiley & Son

65
66